ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Symptom palliation is an important objective of treatment in advanced/metastatic lung cancer (LC). Significant psychological, minor physical symptoms and several social/emotional issues often go unnoticed. This prospective study aimed to evaluate utility of patients' perspectives [self-reported symptom assessment by revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) and self-reported functional status by Patient-Reported Functional Status (PRFS)] amongst LC patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Consecutive newly diagnosed treatment-naïve LC patients attending a tertiary referral center in North India from January 2014 to March 2015 were included. All patients received standard histology-guided platinum-doublet chemotherapy. ESAS-r and PRFS questionnaires were administered under guidance, once at the time of initial assessment/diagnosis, repeated at start of chemotherapy, before C4, and after completion of chemotherapy (end of chemotherapy (EOCTx)). Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire was also administered. Baseline and post-treatment scores were compared. RESULTS: Majority of 133 patients enrolled were males (86.5%,n = 115), were current/ex-smokers (81.2%, n = 108), had advanced stage [IIIB = 30.1% (n = 40), IV = 52.6% (n = 70)], and were of non-small-cell type (NSCLC;84.2%,n = 112). On baseline ESAS-r, the highest mean symptom scores were observed for tiredness followed by anorexia. Mean ESAS-r scores before C4 as well as at EOCTX were significantly better than baseline ESAS-r scores in all its components except nausea. Similarly, PRFS before C4 and EOCTx was significantly improved compared to baseline. However, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status assessed at baseline did not show significant improvement at treatment completion. FACT-L score at EOCTx showed significant improvement from baseline in physical and functional well-being domains but not for social/family and emotional well-being domains. CONCLUSION: This study validated utility of ESAS-r and PRFS in Indian LC patients. These instruments should be used in routine clinical practice besides physicians' assessment of PS (KPS/ECOG).
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Symptom Assessment/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Postoperative infections are one of the most common complications of spine surgery. However, following a lumbar microdiscectomy, a postoperative infection involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: One and half months after a L4-5 microdiscectomy, a 47-year-old immunocompromised male with hepatitis B infection presented with low back and bilateral gluteal pain. The MRI revealed a large intraspinal/paraspinal fluid collection spanning from L4 to S1 along with an anterior epidural collection at L5. The patient underwent a L4 lumbar laminectomy for abscess drainage and wound debridement. After obtaining a positive culture for MTB, four antitubercular drug therapies (ATTs) were started, that is, isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), a. One month later, the patient had minimal pain and no residual neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: MTB infection, although rare, should be considered among the differential diagnoses of postoperative infections following lumbar spine surgery in immunocompromised patients living in areas where tuberculosis is endemic.
ABSTRACT
Bromadiolone, a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide was tested on Mus musculus to evaluate its effects on blood, liver and kidney at varied time intervals of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. Groups of six animals each were selected for experiment. Animals were administered with bromadiolone in the form of bait at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs time intervals. Control animals were maintained for each time interval. After each time interval the experiment and the control animals were sacrificed and the effect of bromadiolone on blood, liver and kidney were studied.