Projecting trends in the disease burden of adult edentulism in China between 2020 and 2030: a systematic study based on the global burden of disease.

Purpose: This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and aimed to analyze the trend of disease burden for complete edentulism in Chinese adults between 1990 and 2030, and to provide valuable information for the development of more effective management and preventive measures. Methods: Data on Chinese adults with complete edentulism from 1990 to 2019 was analyzed using GHDx data. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze changes in the prevalence and burden of complete edentulism, gender and age distribution between 1990 and 2019. In addition, we used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the trend of disease burden for Chinese adults with complete edentulism between 2020 and 2030. Results: The incidence, prevalence, and rate of YLDs in adults with complete edentulism in China showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, the incidence was 251.20 per 100,000, the prevalence was 4512.78 per 100,000, and the YLDs were 123.44 per 100,000, marking increases of 20.58, 94.18, and 93.12% from 1990. Males experienced a higher increase than females. However, the standardized rates decreased over the same period. The ARIMA model predicts a subsequent upward and then downward trend for all indicators between 2019 and 2030, except for the standardized incidence rate which remained essentially unchanged. Specifically, the incidence is predicted to decrease from 388.93 to 314.40 per 100,000, prevalence from 4512.78 to 3049.70 per 100,000, and YLDs from 123.44 to 103.44 per 100,000. The standardized prevalence and YLDs rates are also expected to decrease. Conclusion: The burden of complete edentulism in China is projected to show an increasing trend from 2020 to 2022 and a decreasing trend from 2023 to 2030. Despite the decline in the burden of disease associated with complete edentulism in China, many problems remain to be solved.

Long-term trends in the burden of edentulism in China over three decades: A Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019.

Background: To investigate secular trends in edentulism incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates in Chinese men and women from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The age-period-cohort (APC) analysis estimated the independent age, period, and cohort effects. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the crude incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of edentulism in the Chinese population increased year by year, while the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLDs decreased, and the latter was higher in women than in men. The APC analysis showed that the age effect increased in men and women from age 20 to 74 and decreased thereafter. The risk of tooth loss increased with age. However, the relationship was not linear. The temporal effect showed a gradual increase; the risk of missing teeth gradually increased with the changing modern living environment. The cohort effect showed a single decreasing trend, with the early birth cohort having a higher risk of tooth loss than the later birth cohort population. The age, period, and cohort effects were consistent for both sexes. Conclusion: Although the standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLD rate and cohort effect of dentition loss in China are declining, they are still causing a severe burden to China due to the continued aging of the population and the rising period effect. Despite the decreasing trends of the standardized incidence and prevalence of dentition loss and the rate of YLDs, China should develop more effective oral disease prevention and control strategies to reduce the increasing burden of edentulism in the older adult, especially in older women.

[Correlation of polymorphisms of interleukin-2 gene and HBV DNA copies in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships of polymorphisms of interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene to the susceptibility of chronic hepatitis B, and to analyze the frequencies of IL-2 gene polymorphisms and the HBV-DNA copies in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-2 gene promoter -385T/G and +114T/G at exon one were analyzed in 155 patients with chronic hepatitis B and in 170 age- and sex-matched controls from a Chinese population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy and DNA sequencing were used, and the serum HBV DNA in these patients was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: There were no differences in the distributions of IL-2 gene +114T/G polymorphism in the patient group and the controls, but their IL-2 gene -385T/G polymorphisms were significantly different (P less than 0.05). The relative risk of being chronic hepatitis B victims with T allele was 1.490 times of those with G allele (OR=1.490, 95% CI: 1.085-2.046). The association between the genotype of IL-2 gene polymorphisms and HBV-DNA copies showed that the frequency of -385G allele carriers in high HBV-DNA copy group was closer than that in low HBV-DNA copy group (chi2=6.051, P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: IL-2 gene -385T/G polymorphism is associated with chronic hepatitis B and G allele is an important genetic susceptibility gene for chronic hepatitis B. In IL-2 gene -385G allele carriers the risk of increasing HBV-DNA copies may be related to the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.

[Serum level and genotype of interleukin-6 in patients with esophageal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the polymorphism of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene promoter-572C/G and -634C/G in patients with esophageal cancer, and to study the relation between the serum level and genotype of interleukin-6 and esophageal cancer. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 118 patients with esophageal cancer and 130 healthy persons as controls. The polymorphism of IL-6 was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The serum level of IL-6 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The frequency of the genotype GG of the IL-6 (-634) site in the cancer group was 12.7%, significantly higher that that of the control group (3.8%, P<0.05). The risk of esophageal cancer of the G allele carriers was 1.759 times that of the C allele carriers (OR=1.759, 95% CI=1.150-2.691). The serum level of IL-6 of the esophageal cancer group was (16.9+/-5.3) ng/L, significantly higher than that of the control group [(4.6+/-2.6) ng/L, P<0.01]. The serum level of IL-6 of the esophageal cancer with the G allele carriers was (18.8+/-6.1) ng/L, significantly higher than that of the esophageal cancer without the G allele carriers [(13.2+/-6.0) ng/L, P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the IL-6 gene-572C/G polymorphism between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-6 gene-634C/G polymorphism is associated with the esophageal cancer. The IL-6 allele G carriers may be at increased risk of the esophageal cancer because of the increase of the IL-6 expression.

[A dynamic observation on serum cytokine and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) in patients with esophageal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) in patients with esophageal cancer, and to probe the relationship between the levels of IL-2, IL-8, IgG, IgA and IgM and the progress of cancer. METHODS: The serum levels of IL-2 and IL-8 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 72 case of primary esophageal cancer, 68 advanced esophageal cancer and 120 healthy controls, and the level of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) in patients with esophageal cancer was dynamically observed. RESULTS: The IL-2 level in patients with early esophageal cancer [(1.69 +/- 0.53) ng/ml] or late esophageal cancer [(1.11 +/- 0.60) ng/ml] was lower than the control group [(2.78 +/- 0.51) ng/ml] (P < 0.01), the late esophageal cancer group was lower than early esophageal cancer group (P < 0.05). The level of IL-8 in patients with early esophageal cancer [(85.48 +/- 6.14) ng/L] or late esophageal cancer [(121.41 +/- 6.22) ng/L] was much higher than the control group [(54.48 +/- 12.20) ng/L] (P < 0.01), the late esophageal cancer group was much higher than early esophageal cancer group (P < 0.01); There was correlation between the levels of IL-2 and IL-8 and the worsen-extent of the tumour in patients with early esophageal cancer or late esophageal cancer. But the level of IgG [(12.23 +/- 2.50) g/L], IgM [(1.60 +/- 0.80) g/L] in the patients with esophageal cancer compared with the level of IgG [(11.65 +/- 3.70) g/L], IgM [(1.46 +/- 0.71) g/L] in the health control group have no significant difference (P > 0.05), the level of IgA [(3.50 +/- 1.10) g/L] in patients with esophageal cancer Compared with the control group [(1.88 +/- 1.08) g/L] has significant difference (P < 0.01), and along with the worsen-extent of the tumor in patients the level of IgA has the increased tendency. CONCLUSION: The IL-8 might accelerate the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer, and the IL-2 might restrain. The positive correlation between the level of IgA and the patients with esophageal cancer is observed in this study; the immune maladjustment of IL-2, IL-8 and IgA might be correlative to esophageal cancer, and the IL-2, IL-8 and IgA levels might be an available index for the severity of esophageal cancer, Which may be of some help for clinic practitioners to judge the progress, curative effect and prognosis of the cancer.