ABSTRACT
To avoid any bias, the ultramicroscopic examination was performed by the morphologist without knowing whether the material examined was from the vitiligo patch or from the marginal hyperpigmented and normal skin. Only at the end of the investigation, he was informed about the code of the material. He had also been informed about the possibility of receiving skin biopsies from a patient without vitiligo, what in fact was done with the inclusion of one case of albinism. Six cases of vitiligo have been studied. The melanocytes usually have not been observed in the vitiligo patches, where a variable number of Langerhans cells were seen. In the melanocytes reached about 17 p. 100 of the cellular population; Langerhans cells were absents. In the marginal normal skin the average proportion of melanocytes was near 10 p. 100 of the cellular population and the Langerhans have been observed only in one case (1.8 p. 100 of the population). Regarding the keratinocytes of the marginal hyperpigmented and normal skin, respectively 75 p. 100 and 59 p. 100 contained melanin; in the vitiligo patches only in one case keratinocytes contained melanin (2.8 p. 100 of the keratinocytes population as an average).
Subject(s)
Skin/ultrastructure , Vitiligo/pathology , Adult , Humans , Langerhans Cells/ultrastructure , Melanocytes/ultrastructure , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
A total of 9,955 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years have been examined in a tropical region. The prevalence of dermatosis varied from 21 to 87% in the municipalities surveyed. The most common dermatoses were pediculosis (prevalence 50%), nevi (16.8%), pityriasis versicolor (13.2%), pyoderma (12.2%), pityriasis alba (9.9%), dermatophytosis (6.2%), viral dermatosis (6.2%), scabies (3.0%) and acne vulgaris (2.7%). The prevalence of angular stomatitis, miliaria rubra, candidiasis, piedra nigra, keratosis pilaris, ephelides and geographic tongue is lower but still relatively high. Females had higher rates of pediculosis capitis and males higher prevalence of pityriasis alba. The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, pigmented nevus and scabies was similar in males and females. Folliculitis, macular pigmented nevi and especially pityriasis versicolor tended to increase with age. Leprosy is hyperendemic in the surveyed area and its rate in the schoolchildren examined was 0.08%. Population movement (urbanization), socioeconomic situation, living conditions, promiscuity, and lack of hygiene may be the cause of such high prevalence and of association of two or more skin conditions. Climatic conditions might have enhanced the prevalence of certain dermatoses (pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis, piedra nigra, candidiasis, miliaria rubra).
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Brazil , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Rural Health , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Em sete escolas, selecionadas ao acaso, os autores examinaram 5.150 escolares, entre 7 e 15 anos de idade. A prevalência de lesöes ungueais nas mäos foi maior (56,7//) que a dos pés (29,5//). Ela foi significantemente maior no sexo masculino, com tendência a aumentar com a idade, até 14 anos no sexo masculino e até 11 anos no feminino. O tipo e a freqüência de lesöes ungeais säo indicadas em tabelas. As mais comuns nas mäos foram leuconíquia (42,13//), onicofagia (13,57//) e depressöes cupuliformes (1,16//); nos pés, onicoatrofia no 5§ artelho (9,26//), sulcos transversais (9,14//), leuconíquia (2//) e hematoma subungueal (1,53//). As alteraçöes foram habitualmente discretas. O status sócio-econômico näo pareceu influenciar significantemente a prevalência de lesöes ungueais nas diferentes escolas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Nail Diseases/epidemiology , Onychomycosis/epidemiology , Brazil , Foot Dermatoses , Hand DermatosesABSTRACT
Um total de 5150 escolares de 6 a 16 anos foram examinados em uma cidade subtropical. Excluídas cicatrizes e lesôes traumáticas a prevalência de dermatoses foi de 72%. As mais comun (>2%) foram nevos pigmentados (72%),cicatrizes e lesôes residuais (36%), efélides (19,6%), pediculose (19,6%), dermatite seborréica (19,5%), dermatoviroses (18,6%), acne (15,7%), lesôes traumáticas (9,5%), pitiríase capitis (5%), piodermites (4,3%), dermatite eozematosa (2,6%), estrófulo + picada de inseto (3,1%), ceratose palmar el ou plantar (2,1%) e disidrose (2%). Muitos doentes apresentaron dois ou mais tipos de lesoes ou affeccôes cutâneas. A prevalencia de vibix, estomatite angular, dermatoses actínicas, ictiose, pele xerótica, intertrigo, milia, livedo reticular, hipertricosee escabiose foi menor porén relativamente elevada (de 1,61 a 0,66%). A prevalencia foi discretamente maior em escolares de sexo masculino que no feminino e as diferencas estatisticamente significantes (p<0,001). A diferenca de prevalência entre os grupos etarios nâo foi significante para masculinos e femininos. As meninas aprentaron taxa mais elevada de pediculose, enquanto em meninos prevaleceram pitiríase alba (dartro volante), pitiríase versicolor e piodermites. As condicôes sócioeconômicas parecen ter tido influencia nas taxas de prevalênia de pediculose, pitiríase alba e "tinea pedis", mas nâo nas de dermatoviroses, pitiríase versicolor e piodermite. Os resultados e comentários sâo válidos para uma àrea subtropical semelhante à de Ribeirâo Prêto, com as mesmas características ecológicas, socio-econômicas e de populacâo. Quando se planeja um programa de saúde pública em escolas é importante realizar antes um censo epidemiológico ou estudo piloto, a fim de obter as relevantes informacôes bàsicas.