[The predictive value of melanin-concentrating hormone combined with other related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in preoperative cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients].

Objective: To explore the predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) combined with other related biomarkers in preoperative cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients. Methods: A total of 80 patients who underwent elective hip or knee replacement under intravertebral anesthesia in Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Inner Mongolia, from March to November 2022 were prospectively included, with 32 males and 48 females, and aged 65-85 (70.7±5.2) years old. According to the evaluation results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), patients were divided into the preoperative cognitive dysfunction (n=23) and control (n=57) groups. The levels of MCH, amyloid-ß 40 (Aß40), amyloid-ß 42 (Aß42), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of each biomarker separately or in combination for preoperative cognitive dysfunction. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was utilized to test the correlation between the level of each biomarker and MoCA scores. Results: The levels of MCH, Aß40, Aß42, p-tau, and Aß42/p-tau in the preoperative cognitive dysfunction group were (35.53±5.94) µg/L, (39.21±9.18) ng/L, (221.83±43.17) ng/L, (42.64±9.74) ng/L, and 5.53±1.92, and the levels of these biomarkers in the control group were (28.74±4.90) µg/L, (36.37±7.87) ng/L, (280.23±45.67) ng/L, (35.00±9.27) ng/L, and 8.62±2.78, respectively. Compared with the control group, the levels of cerebrospinal fluid MCH and p-tau in the preoperative cognitive dysfunction group were significantly increased (all P<0.01), and the levels of Aß42 and Aß42/p-tau were significantly decreased (all P<0.001). MCH and Aß42/p-tau provided higher predictive values. The area under the curve (AUC) of MCH and Aß42/p-tau were 0.807 (95%CI: 0.703-0.911) and 0.842 (95%CI: 0.741-0.943), the sensitivity were 78.3% and 87.0%, and the specificity were 75.4% and 94.7%. MCH combined with Aß42/p-tau have the higher AUC of 0.915 (95%CI: 0.837-0.992), the sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (86.0%) were both high, which had a higher predictive value. The levels of cerebrospinal fluid MCH and p-tau were negatively correlated with MoCA score (r=-0.467, -0.321, all P<0.01), and the levels of Aß42 and Aß42/p-tau were positively correlated with MoCA score (r=0.480, 0.520, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The increase in cerebrospinal fluid MCH levels is associated with preoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients. MCH combined with Aß42/p-tau has the greatest predictive value.

[Effects of LINC00839 targeting miR-3666 on proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of lncRNA LINC00839 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its mechanism. Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of LINC00839 and miR-3666 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between LINC00839 and miR-3666 expression in liver cancer tissues. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells MHCC97H were cultured in vitro and divided into si-NC group, si-LINC00839 group, miR-NC group, miR-3666 group, si-LINC00839+ anti-miR-NC group, and si-LINC00839+ anti-miR-3666 group. Methylthiazoletrazolium (MTT) method and clone formation experiment were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell array was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of p21, E-cadherin and MMP-2. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between LINC00839 and miR-3666. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of LINC00839 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues increased (2.82±0.27 vs. 0.96±0.10, P<0.001), but the expression level of miR-3666 decreased (0.23±0.02 vs. 1.01±0.10, P<0.001). The expression levels of LINC00839 and miR-3666 in liver cancer tissue were negatively correlated (r=-0.658, P<0.001). The survival rate of MHCC97H cells in the si-LINC00839 group [(53.91±5.41)% vs. (100.53±10.22)%], the number of clones formed (92.0±8.0 vs. 164.0±14.3), the number of migration (131.0±12.7 vs. 247.0±22.4), the number of invasion (66.0±6.4 vs. 120.0±11.6) and the protein level of MMP-2 (0.20±0.02 vs. 0.67±0.06) were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.001). However, the protein levels of p21 (0.76±0.07 vs. 0.25±0.02) and E-cadherin (0.78±0.08 vs. 0.14±0.01) were higher than those in the si-NC group (P<0.001). LINC00839 targeted and negatively regulated the expression of miR-3666. The survival rate of MHCC97-H cells in the miR-3666 group [(47.93±4.86)% vs. (100.11±10.21)%], the number of clone formation (78.0±7.7 vs. 166.0±15.9), the number of migration (117.0±12.1 vs. 250.0±25.0), the number of invasion (57.0±5.7 vs. 121.0±12.3) and the protein level of MMP-2 (0.16±0.01 vs. 0.69±0.07) were lower than those in the miR-NC group (all P<0.001). However, the protein levels of p21 (0.83±0.08 vs. 0.24±0.02) and E-cadherin (0.87±0.09 vs. 0.13±0.01)were higher than those in the miR-NC group (all P<0.001). The survival rate of MHCC97-H cells in the si-LINC00839+ anti-miR-3666 group [(89.94±9.05)% vs. (54.12±5.39)%], the number of clones (143.0±13.8 vs. 94.0±9.4), the number of migration (208.0±19.8 vs. 129.0±12.6), the number of invasion (108.0±10.1 vs. 65.0±6.4) and the protein level of MMP-2 (0.31±0.03 vs 0.66±0.06) were higher than those in the si-LINC00839+ anti-miR-NC group (P<0.001). However, the protein levels of p21 (0.31±0.03 vs. 0.74±0.07) and E-cadherin (0.28±0.03 vs. 0.80±0.08) were lower than those int the si-LINC00839+ anti-miR-NC group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Inhibition of LINC00839 expression may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting up-regulation of miR-3666 expression.

Calcium propionate supplementation alters the ruminal bacterial and archaeal communities in pre- and postweaning calves.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of calcium propionate (CaP) on rumen microbiota, fermentation indicators, and weight gain in calves both pre- and postweaning. Twenty-four newborn calves were randomly divided into 4 groups (2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement): either pre- (90 d) or postweaning (160 d), and either without or with dietary CaP supplementation (5% dry matter). The CaP supplementation increased the body weight and rumen weight of the calves and lowered NH3-N concentration in the rumen. Microbiota composition was characterized by sequencing the amplicons of the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes. The CaP supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes but tended to increase that of Proteobacteria. In addition, CaP supplementation decreased the diversity of bacteria and archaea in the rumen compared with the calves fed the control diet. Linear discriminant analysis of the rumen microbiota revealed that Succinivibrionaceae and Methanobrevibacter were enriched in the CaP group postweaning. A correlation was also present between the acetate to propionate ratio and the species that acted as co-occurrence network hubs, including Succiniclasticum, Treponema, and Megasphaera. In conclusion, CaP supplementation can improve body weight gain and rumen growth and alter the ruminal microbiota in calves both pre- and postweaning.

[The influence and mechanisms of purple sweet potato anthocyanins on the growth of bladder cancer BIU87 cell].

Objective: To observe the effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanins on the proliferation of bladder cancer cell line BIU87 and to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Methods: Bladder cancer BIU87 cells were cultured and exposed to anthocyanins at the different concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800 µg/ml respectively. The growth inhibition of anthocyanins on BIU87 cells were evaluated by morphometry and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the cell apoptosis rate was detected by Flow cytometry (FCM). Results: Morphometry showed that the number of BIU87 cells decreased, the volume shrank, the intercellular space enlarged, the ability of cell adherence weakened, and the cell shape changed when the concentration of anthocyanins increased. CCK-8 assay showed that when 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/ml anthocyanins treated BIU87 cells for 48 h, the absorbance was 24 ± 0.07, 1.15 ± 0.11, 0.90 ± 0.08, 0.56 ± 0.09, respectively. Compared with the control group, anthocyanins-treated groups significantly inhibited the proliferation of BIU87 cells (P<0.05). FCM test showed that after treatment with different doses of anthocyanins, the apoptosis rate was 7.31%, 11.11%, 25.96%, 36.28%, respectively, and with the concentration of anthocyanins being higher, the apoptosis rate of BIU87 cells was being higher. Conclusion: Purple sweet potato anthocyanins can inhibit the growth of bladder cancer BIU87 cells through inducing cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

[Predictive value of typical cataplexy+ DQB1*0602 positive to hypocretin-1 reduction in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with narcolepsy].

Objective: To discusses the predictive value of typical cataplexy+ HLA-DQB1*0602 positive to hypocretin-1 (HCRT-1) reduction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with narcolepsy. Methods: A total of 165 narcoleptic patients, who were diagnosed at the Sleep Center of Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University International Hospital from March 2003 to March 2017, were recruited. The CSF HCRT-1 level and DQB1*0602 were measured in all the subjects. The narcoleptic patients were divided into two groups: typical cataplexy+ DQB1*0602 positive were CH group, and others who were not typical cataplexy and DQB1*0602 positive simultaneously were NCH group. The HCRT-1 level in CSF was declared to have a serious reduction when HCRT-1≤110 ng/L. According to this standard, the CH group and NCH group were subdivided into sub-groups and the data was analyzed to investigate the predictive value of typical cataplexy+ HLA-DQB1*0602 positive to HCRT-1 reduction. Results: There were 142 patients in CH group, including 137 patients with HCRT-1 reduction and 5 patients without. There were 23 patients in NCH group, including 15 patients with HCRT-1 reduction and 8 patients without. The positive predictive value of typical cataplexy+ DQB1*0602 positive for the reduction of HCRT-1 in CSF was 96.5%. Typical cataplexy+ DQB1*0602 positive had a good consistency with the HCRT-1 reduction in CSF (χ(2)=26.7, P<0.001). Conclusion: Typical cataplexy+ DQB1*0602 positive has a good predictive value to the HCRT-1 reduction in CSF in patients with narcolepsy.

Optical directional amplification in a three-mode optomechanical system.

We study the directional amplification of an optical probe field in a three-mode optomechanical system, where the mechanical resonator interacts with two linearly-coupled optical cavities and the cavities are driven by strong optical pump fields. The optical probe field is injected into one of the cavity modes, and at the same time, the mechanical resonator is subject to a mechanical drive with the driving frequency equal to the frequency difference between the optical probe and pump fields. We show that the transmission of the probe field can be amplified in one direction and de-amplified in the opposite direction. This directional amplification or de-amplification results from the constructive or destruction interference between different transmission paths in this three-mode optomechanical system.

Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein is involved in suppression of the adiponectin gene in vivo.

PURPOSE: Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein (PREB), a member of the WD-repeat protein family, has been recognized as a transcriptional factor that regulates prolactin promoter activity in the anterior pituitary of rats. PREB is expressed not only in the pituitary but also in various other tissues, including the adipose tissue. Previous studies have shown that PREB acts as a transcriptional regulator and suppresses the expression of the adiponectin gene in cultured 3T3L1 preadipocytes. The aim of this study was to further examine the potential role of PREB in adipose tissue in vivo. METHODS: Transgenic mice that overexpressing PREB (PREB transgenic mice) were generated. Insulin resistance was evaluated in PREB transgenic mice using glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Adiponectin expression in the adipose tissue was examined by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and adiponectin receptor 2(ADIPOR2) were quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed insulin resistance in PREB transgenic mice. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were decreased. Adiponectin gene expression was decreased in the adipose tissue, which was confirmed by the downregulation of the adiponectin-dependent hepatic Scd gene and upregulation of the ADIPOR2 gene in the liver of PREB transgenic mice. We also found that pioglitazone, an agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-r, improved the insulin resistance in the PREB transgenic mice after a 10-day feeding period. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that PREB might contribute to the regulation of adiponectin gene expression in vivo.

[Clinical presentation of Kleine-Levin syndrome].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) patients. Methods: Clinical data of 44 patients with KLS of the Sleep Center of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2002 to July 2013 were systematically reviewed. The predisposing factors and clinical presentations were summarized, and compared with the data from a Western KLS study with a large subjects number. Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were conducted during relapse and remission period, respectively. HLA-DQB1*0602 gene were screened and analyzed. Results: Among the 44 patients, 28(63.6%) were men and 16(36.4%) were women, with a mean age of (18.3±8.9) years old. Most patients developed the symptoms during adolescence. Infection or fever was the most common trigger for episode. The main clinical presentations were 44(100.0%) hypersomnia, 31(70.5%) forgetfulness, 26(59.1%) decreased appetites, 24(54.5%) juvenile behavior, 18(40.9%) depression, etc. Compared with the Western study, it showed that our patients had decreased instead of increased appetite. The PSG testing did not have remarkable findings. MSLT showed mean sleep latency was significantly shorter during relapse than during remission [(10.4±5.4) vs (15.3±3.4) min, P=0.009]. HLA-DQB1*0602 was positive in 12 of 40(30.0%) patients, which was similar to the data in the Chinese population. Conclusions: KLS has various clinical characteristics. The presentation of appetite may be different between Chinese and western KLS patients.

[Association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and chromosome damage in workers exposed to benzene in jewelcrafting industry].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of the DNA damage repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) and susceptibility to chromosome damage in workers exposed to low-concentration benzene in the jewelcrafting industry. METHODS: A total of 286 workers exposed to benzene in jewelcrafting enterprises were enrolled as study subjects from January 2013 to December 2014. Gas chromatography was used to measure benzene concentration in workplace, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test was used to analyze the level of chromosome damage in peripheral blood, and the Sequenom technique was used to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1. RESULTS: The time-weighted average concentration of benzene in workplace was <0.6~1.8 mg/m(3), lower than the national occupational exposure limit (6 mg/m(3)). The distribution of allele frequencies met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetics (P>0.05). Increase in age (RR=1.38, 95%CI 1.06~3.75) and increase in working years (RR=1.45, 95%CI 1.18~2.58) were risk factors for the increase in micronucleus frequency. Compared with those with the wild-type homozygous genotype, the individuals with XRCC1 rs25487 CT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR=1.51, 95% CI 1.28~3.87, P<0.05) , and the individuals with XRCC1 rs1799782 AA genotype also showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR=1.65, 95% CI 1.30~3.12, P<0.05). There was no clear association between XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphisms and micronucleus frequency (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposure to low-concentration benzene may cause chromosome damage in workers exposed to benzene, and the XRCC1 polymorphisms rs 25487 and rs1799782 may be associated with chromosome damage induced by benzene.

miR-106a* inhibits the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells by targeting CDK2-associated Cullin 1 (CACUL1).

Previous studies suggest that aberrant microRNA expression is common in plenty of cancers. The expression of miR-106a* was decreased in follicular lymphoma, but the expression and functions of miR-106a* in esophageal carcinoma (EC) remain unclear. In this study, we explored the expression and anti-oncogenic roles of miR-106a* in human EC. The expression of miR-106a* is significantly decreased in EC tissues and EC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-106a* suppressed EC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, G1/S transition, and induced apoptosis in vitro, but inhibition of miR-106a* facilitated cell proliferation, clonogenicity, G1/S transition. Luciferase reporter assay results showed that CDK2-associated Cullin 1 (CACUL1) was a direct target of miR-106a* in EC cells. Moreover, silencing CACUL1 resulted in the same biologic effects of miR-106a* overexpression in EC cells, which included suppressed EC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and blocked G1/S transition through CDK2 pathway by inhibiting cell cycle regulators (Cyclin A, Cyclin E). Our data indicate that miR-106a* might play an anti-oncogenic role in EC by regulating CACUL1 expression, which suggest miR-106a* as a new potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for EC.

Matrix metalloproteinase variants associated with risk and clinical outcome of esophageal cancer.

We conducted a case-control study to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP3, and MMP9 single nucleotide polymorphisms on susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a Chinese population, and their association with environmental factors. A total of 226 patients with ESCC, and 226 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was carried out on MMP2 -1306 C>T (rs243865), MMP3 -1171 5A>6A (rs3025058), and MMP9 -1562 C>T (rs3918242) genotypes. Unconditional regression analysis showed that individuals carrying the MMP2 -1306 TT genotype had a decreased incidence of ESCC compared to those with the CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.10-0.89, P value = 0.02]. Moreover, MMP9 -1562 CC carriers were associated with an increased ESCC risk compared to those with the TT genotype (OR = 2.71; 95%CI, 1.04-7.87, P value = 0.02). In the Cox proportional hazards model, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, patients carrying the MMP9 -1562 CC genotype had a significantly increased risk of death from ESCC (hazard ratio = 2.97; 95%CI, 1.25-6.87, P value = 0.005). In conclusion, this study showed that the MMP2 -1306 TT and MMP9 -1562 CC genotypes were associated with increased ESCC, and patients carrying the MMP9 -1562 CC genotype had a significantly increased risk of death from ESCC.

Analysis of ITS1 sequences and genetic relationships between populations of ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, in the East China Sea.

Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences from wild-type Exopalaemon carinicauda (N = 124) from the East China Sea were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were polymorphic and ranged from 388 to 583 bp in length. The average content of GC in sequences was significantly higher than that of AT. Altogether, 604 mutant sites with 123 haplotypes were detected; 46.7% were polymorphic sites. The genetic diversity index of population Y was highest, and the lowest was population X. Eight microsatellite sequences were detected; the most-repeated sequences were (GA)n, (AG)n, (GT)n, (TG)n, (TC)n, and (CT)n. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic differentiation among the four populations were very weak, or modest. A molecular evolutionary tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method and MEGA 6.0, and the phyletic evolutionary relationships among several Palaemonidae species examined. The phylogenetic tree showed that individuals of the same species, as well as the species of the same genus, clustered together, consistent with morphological classifications.

CD8α¯ DC is the major DC subset which mediates inhibition of allergic responses by Schistosoma infection.

Our and others' previous studies have shown that Schistosoma japonicum (SJ) infection can inhibit allergic reactions. We recently reported that DCs played an important role in SJ infection-mediated inhibition of allergy, which was associated with enhanced IL-10 and T regulatory cell responses. Here, we further compared the role of CD8α(+) DC and CD8α(-) DC subsets for the inhibitory effect. We sorted CD8α(+) DC (SJCD8α(+) DC) and CD8α(-) DC (SJCD8α(-) DC) from SJ-infected mice and tested their ability to modulate allergic responses in vivo. The data showed that the adoptive transfer of SJCD8α(-) DC was much more efficient than SJCD8α(+) DC for the suppression of allergic airway eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, antigen-specific IgE responses, and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). More importantly, we found that the transfer of SJCD8α(-) DC, but not SJCD8α(+) DC, significantly increased IL-10 and TGF-ß production following OVA exposure. As control, the transfer of DC subsets from naïve mice had no significant effect on allergic inflammation. In addition, SJCD8α-DC expressed significantly higher IL-10 but lower IL-12, CD80 and CD86 than SJCD8α(+) DC, fitting a tolerogenic phenotype. The results suggest that CD8α(-) DC is the predominant DC subset which is involved in the parasitic infection-mediated inhibition of allergic inflammation and possibly through enhancing immunomodulatory cytokine (IL-10 and TGF-ß) production.

Association of polymorphisms of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F gene with increased glioma risk.

We aimed to investigate the role of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XPF) gene (rs3136038, rs1799798, rs1800067, and rs2276466) in glioma, and the roles of gene-gene interactions in the risk of developing this type of cancer. We collected samples from 225 glioma cases and 262 controls and genotyped the rs3136038, rs1799798, rs1800067, and rs2276466 polymorphisms using a 384-well plate format with the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Individuals carrying the rs1800067 GG genotype were more likely to have an increased risk of glioma when compared with carriers of the A/A genotype in a co-dominant model, with an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 2.85 (1.14-7.76). However, we did not find an association with increased risk of glioma for the polymorphisms rs3136038, rs1799798, and rs2276466 in XPF. The combination genotype of the rs1800067 G allele and the rs2276466 G allele was associated with a moderate risk of glioma (OR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.02-2.87). Our study suggests that the rs1800067 genetic variant of XPF functions in the development of glioma.

Inhibition of microRNA-21 increases radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells through phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 activation.

The radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a great obstacle to treatment. Although it has been demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) can act as an 'oncogene' in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, its role in radioresistance remains unexplored. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of miR-21 in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells' radioresistance and to identify the possible mechanism. The relatively radioresistant esophageal squamous cancer TE-1 cells (TE-R60) was established by fractionated irradiation. By lentiviral transduction with miRZip-21, the miR-21 expression in TE-1 cells was stably downregulated, which was renamed as 'anti-miR-21 TE-1 cells.' The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was knocked down in anti-miR-21 TE-1 cells through short interfering RNA. The expression level of miR-21 and PTEN messenger RNA were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of PTEN, phospho-Akt, and Akt protein were detected by Western blot. Clongenic assay was used to analyze the cells' radiosensitivity. miR-21 was overexpressed, and PTEN was suppressed in established radioresistant TE-R60 cells compared with the parent cells (1.3-fold and 70.83%). The inhibition of miR-21 significantly increased the cells' radiosensitivity (P < 0.05) and the PTEN protein expression (2.3-fold) in TE-1 cells. In addition, phospho-Akt protein, downstream target of PTEN, reduced significantly in anti-miR-21 TE-1 cells. Knockdown of PTEN in anti-miR-21 TE-1 cells could abrogate the miR-21 inhibition-induced radiosensitization (P < 0.05). Inhibition of miR-21 increased radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer TE-1 cells, and this effect was possibly through the activation of PTEN. Inhibition of miR-21 may form a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer.

[Cone-beam CT analysis of vertical control of mandible and changes of temporomandibular joint in adult patients with skeletal class â ¡ malocclusion with high angle].

Objective: To investigate the shape and position changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle patients after vertical mandibular control, and the correlation between vertical mandibular changes and condylar position changes. Methods: Twenty adult skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle patients [6 males and 14 females, aged (21.4±2.4) years] who underwent extraction treatment and active vertical control in the Department of Orthodontics, Lanzhou University Stomatological Hospital from October 2017 to November 2020 were selected. Cone-beam CT data of the patient before and after treatment were imported into Invivo Dental 5.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction and correction, and the vertical index of mandible in reconstructed lateral cephalogram (mandibular plane angle, posterior anterior height ratio, mandibular true rotation angle) were measured. Incisal angle and variables of condyle shape, position and articular fossa shape were measured. Paired t test was performed on the results before and after treatment, and the correlation between mandibular vertical changes and condylar position changes was determined by Pearson correlation coefficient calculation. Results: After treatment, the overbite and overjet were within normal range, and the vertical height of the molars was controlled. Compared with the measurement before treatment, mandibular plane angle and mandibular true rotation angle were decreased by 2.05°±1.22° (t=7.60, P<0.001) and 1.42°±1.92° (t=3.54, P=0.002), respectively. The posterior anterior height ratio was increased by (1.89±3.32)% (t=2.56, P=0.019). After treatment, the mediolateral diameter of condyle, the anteroposterior diameter of condyle, the maximum cross-sectional area of condyle, the height of condyle head, the width of articular fossa, the depth of articular fossa and the articular nodular angle were increased by (0.55±0.76) mm (t=-2.73, P=0.015), (0.27±3.51) mm (t=-3.23, P=0.006), (6.01±7.36) mm2 (t=-2.80, P=0.013), (0.33±0.72) mm (t=-2.14, P=0.046), (0.56±0.93) mm (t=-2.37, P=0.032), 0.33 (0.14, 0.51) mm (Z=-2.76, P=0.006) and 1.50°±2.40° (t=-2.44, P=0.028), respectively. The internal condylar space and the external condylar space were decreased by (0.33±0.49) mm (t=2.31, P=0.035) and (0.20±0.23) mm (t=3.58, P=0.003), respectively. Before orthodontic treatment, 6 patients were with anterior displacement of the condyle, 7 patients with central position of the condyle, and 7 patients with posterior displacement of the condyle. After correction, patients who were with central position of the condyle have not changed much. The posterior displaced condyle in 2 patients and anterior displaced condyle in 3 patients became in central position after treatment. The joint space index was closer to the central position in 3 patients with anterior displacement and 3 patients with posterior displacement. The position of condyle in 1 patient with posterior displacement and 1 patient with anterior displacement remained basically unchanged. There was a significant negative correlation between the change of the posterior-anterior height ratio and the change of the internal condylar space in patients (r=-0.52, P=0.019), and a low correlation with the contral condylar space and the external condylar space(r=-0.48, P=0.031; r=-0.47, P=0.035). Conclusions: Skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion with high angle adult patients achieved normal overbite and overjet and remodeling of condyle and articular fossa occurred after orthodontic treatmnet and vertical control. There was a certain negative correlation between the change of posterior-anterior height ratio and the change of condylar position.

The radiosensitization effect of NS398 on esophageal cancer stem cell-like radioresistant cells.

This study aimed to investigate the cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of radioresistant esophageal cancer cells and the radiosensitization effect of NS398, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, on them. Fractionated irradiation was applied to acquire radioresistant esophageal cancer cells. Clone formation assay was employed to detect cell radiosensitivity and cloning formation ability. Cell viability was determined by methyl tetrazolium colorimetry assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Tumorigenicity was investigated by xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Expression levels of ß-catenin were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. As results, radioresistant Eca109R50Gy cells were obtained through fractional irradiation from Eca109 cells; Eca109R50Gy cells displayed higher ability of proliferation, colony-formation, and 40 times tumorigenic ability as high as that of the Eca109 cells in vivo. Meantime stem cell marker ß-catenin was elevated in Eca109R50Gy cells. All of the above implied that Eca109R50Gy cells have some properties of CSCs. NS398 enhanced the radiosensitivity of Eca109R50Gy cells accompanied by down-regulating the expression of ß-catenin. In conclusion, radioresistant Eca109R50Gy cells carried some CSC-like properties; NS398 enhanced the radiosensitivity of CSC-like Eca109R50Gy cells and this function may partly through down-regulating the expression of ß-catenin. These findings both stress the important role of CSCs in esophageal cancer radioresistance and provide new insight on possible application of COX-2 inhibitors on CSCs.

Expression pattern of heat-shock cognate 70 gene of humphead snapper, Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier), infected by Vibrio harveyi.

The heat-shock cognate 70 (HSC70) gene of humphead snapper, Lutjanus sanguineus, designated as ByHSC70, was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) with the primers designed from the known expressed sequence tag (EST) identified from the subtracted cDNA library of the head kidney of humphead snapper. The full-length cDNA of ByHSC70 is 2313 bp, containing a 5' terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 96 bp, a 3' terminal UTR of 267 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1950 bp encoding a polypeptide of 650 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 71.21 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point (pI) of 5.08. ByHSC70 contained three classical HSP70 family signatures. BLAST analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of ByHSC70 had the highest similarity of 99% when compared with other HSC70s. Fluorescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of ByHSC70 gene in eight kinds of tissues/organs of humphead snapper after challenge with Vibrio harveyi. There was a clear time-dependent expression pattern of ByHSC70 in head kidney, spleen and thymus after bacterial challenge, and the expression of mRNA reached a maximum level at 9, 6 and 24 h post-infection and then returned to control levels after 15, 24 and 36 h, respectively. Our results suggest that HSC70 is an important component in the immune system of humphead snapper, its their rapid transcriptional upregulation in response to V. harveyi infection might be important for survival of humphead snapper.