[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients with different pain phenotypes].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in elderly patients with different pain phenotypes. Methods: A total of 201 elderly thoracic PHN patients, including 110 males and 91 females aged (72.2±6.9) years who received high-voltage, long-duration PRF at the dorsal root ganglion at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022, were retrospectively included. The neuropathic pain symptom inventory (NPSI) was used to evaluate the five different pain phenotypes, which included superficial spontaneous pain, deep spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia/dysesthesia, and to analyze the distribution of the five pain phenotypes. The numerical rating scale (NRS) and NPSI scores of all patients were compared before treatment and three months after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRF for different pain phenotypes and pain phenotype combinations. Results: All patients had two or more pain phenotypes, and 50.2% (101/201) of the patients had five pain phenotypes at the same time. Compared with those before treatment, three months after treatment, the NPSI scores for superficial spontaneous pain, deep spontaneous pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain and paresthesia/dysesthesia decreased (all P<0.05), and the scores decreased byï¼»M（Q1，Q3）］3.0 (2.0, 4.0), 1.5 (0.5, 2.5), 3.0 (2.5, 4.0), 2.3 (1.0, 4.0), and 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) points, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The decrease in the NPSI score in patients with paroxysmal pain was greater than that in patients with the other 4 pain phenotypes (all P<0.05). After treatment, the NRS score decreased by 4.0 (3.0, 5.0), 4.0 (3.0, 5.0), 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) points in patients with 2, 3, 4 and 5 pain phenotypes, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The decrease in the NRS score was greater in patients with a combination of 5 pain phenotypes than that in patients with a combination of 3 and 4 pain phenotypes (all P<0.05). No complications, such as pneumothorax, haematoma or infection, occurred in any of the patients during treatment. Conclusion: PRF has different therapeutic effects on PHN patients with different pain phenotypes, it has the best effect on paroxysmal pain, and the treatment is safe.

Assessment of the degree of arterial stenosis in intracranial atherosclerosis using 3D high-resolution MRI: comparison with time-of-flight MRA, contrast-enhanced MRA, and DSA.

AIM: To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution (HR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in measuring the degree of stenosis in intracranial atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with intracranial artery ischaemic events underwent HR-MRI, TOF-MRA, and CE-MRA analysis, and some of these patients underwent DSA examination. The correlation between different methods for measuring the degree of lumen stenosis was analysed. The accuracy of HR-MRI, TOF-MRA, and CE-MRA was evaluated and compared with that of DSA. RESULTS: A total of 189 arterial stenoses were identified in 93 patients. Of these, 72 patients with 142 arterial stenoses underwent DSA examination. A very strong correlation between HR-MRI and CE-MRA measurements was shown (r=0.839, p<0.0001). The correlation between HR-MRI and TOF-MRA measurements was strong (r=0.720, p<0.0001). A very strong correlation between HR-MRI and DSA measurements was found (r=0.864, p<0.0001), and a similar correlation was observed between CE-MRA, and DSA measurements (r=0.843, p<0.0001). The correlation between TOF-MRA and DSA measurements was strong (r=0.686, p<0.0001). There was substantial agreement between HR-MRI and DSA measurements (K = 0.772) and between CE-MRA, and DSA measurements (K = 0.734) that was slightly higher than the agreement between TOF-MRA and DSA measurements (K = 0.636). CONCLUSION: HR-MRI can accurately measure stenosis (especially for moderate and severe stenosis) in intracranial atherosclerosis by direct visualisation of the vessel lumen and steno-occlusive plaque.

Intracranial plaque characteristics on high-resolution MRI and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels: association and clinical relevance in acute cerebral infarction.

AIM: To investigate the association between intracranial plaque characteristics and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and their combined effects on the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-three patients with recent ischaemic events in the territory of middle cerebral artery or basilar artery were enrolled and divided into the ACI group (n=93) and non-ACI group (n=50) according to clinical data and diffusion-weighting imaging (DWI) results. All recruited patients underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess intracranial plaque characteristics, including plaque enhancement, standardised wall index, stenosis ratio, T1 hyperintense component, remodelling pattern, plaque area, plaque burden, and maximum wall thickness. hs-CRP levels were further grouped into the low group (<1 mg/l), the intermediate group (1-3 mg/l), and the high group (≥3 mg/l). Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were constructed to evaluate the association between intracranial plaque characteristics and hs-CRP levels, as well as their synergistic effects on determining the occurrence of ACI. RESULTS: High hs-CRP levels were associated with strong plaque enhancement (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 7.497). Strong plaque enhancement (p=0.002, OR=2.109) and high hs-CRP levels (p=0.009, OR=3.893) were independently associated with the occurrence of ACI after adjustments for sex, age, and other traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. The combination of hs-CRP levels and strong plaque enhancement provided incremental information to determine ACI with an AUC of 0.823, which was significantly higher than that of strong plaque enhancement (0.711) and hs-CRP levels (0.686), respectively. CONCLUSION: High hs-CRP levels were associated with strong plaque enhancement. The synergistic effects of hs-CRP levels and strong plaque enhancement provided incremental effects on the occurrence of ACI.

[Efficacy and safety of modified Hartel approach in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation].

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of modified Hartel approach in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Methods: A total of 89 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia in Nanjing Drum Tower Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively included, and were divided into experimental group (n=45, modified Hartel approach: selecting 2.0 cm lateral to and 1.0 cm below angulus oris as insertion point) and control group (n=44, traditional Hartel approach: selecting 2.5 cm lateral to the angulus oris as insertion point) according to the random number table method. There were 19 males and 26 females in the experimental group, and aged (67.6±8.8) years. Meanwhile, there were 19 males and 25 females in the control group, and aged (64.8±11.7) years. All the patients were treated by CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation. The success rate of one-time puncture, number of punctures, the time of puncture, operation time, numerical rating scale (NRS) scores and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: The success rate of one-time puncture in experimental group was 64.4% (29/45), which was higher than that in control group 31.8% (14/44) (P<0.05). The number of punctures [M (Q1, Q3)], the time of puncture [M (Q1, Q3)] and operation time in the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 218 (206, 378) s, (19.9±2.7) min, which were less than those of control group [2 (1, 3), 390 (231, 598) s, (27.0±3.9) min] (all P<0.05). The NRS scores [M (Q1, Q3)] of 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after surgery in the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 1 (0, 2) and 1(0, 1), respectively, which were lower than the baseline level [6 (6, 7)] (all P<0.05). The NRS scores [M (Q1, Q3)] of 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after surgery in the control group were 1 (1, 2), 1 (0, 2) and 1 (0, 2), respectively, which were lower than the baseline level [6 (6, 7)] (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting, facial numbness, and decreased masticatory muscle strength between the two groups (all P>0.05) In the experimental group, two patients had puncture needles into the oral cavity, with timely detection and replacement of puncture needles, and no infection occurred. There was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage and decreased corneal reflex in both groups. Conclusion: The modified Hartel approach can significantly improve the success rate of one-time puncture via foramen ovale, reduce the operation time and the incidence of postoperative facial swelling, which is a safe and effective puncture method.

[Application of 3D-printed navigation plate in pulsed radiofrequency therapy of dorsal root ganglion in thoracic postherpetic neuralgia].

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy, efficacy and safety of 3D-printed personalized navigation template in the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) with dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency (DRG-PRF). Methods: A total of 63 patients with thoracic PHN from March 2019 to December 2020 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School were enrolled and randomly divided into study group (n=31) and control group (n=32) by random number table method. The study group received DRG-PRF treatment assisted by 3D-printed navigation template, while the control group received DRG-PRF treatment guided by conventional CT. The one-time success rate of puncture, the incidence of puncture times ≥3, the number of punctures, puncture time, visual analogue scale (VAS) score and surgical complications between the two groups were compared. Results: The one-time success rate of puncture in study group was 84.9% (79/93), which was higher than that of control group [30.2% (29/96)] (P<0.001). The incidence of puncture times ≥3, the number of punctures, puncture time in study group were 4.3% (4/93), 1 (1, 1) and 2.9 (2.8, 3.0) min, respectively, which were lower than that of the control group [21.9% (21/96), 2(1, 3), 9.0 (4.5, 12.9) min, respectively] (all P<0.01). No difference was found in VAS score at each time point before and after surgery between the two groups (all P>0.05). There was one case of pleura puncture in the control group, but no other complications such as straying into vertebral canal, hematoma, spinal cord injury, limb movement disorder, infection were found in the two groups. Conclusions: 3D-printed personalized navigation template is an effective method to guide DRG-PRF for the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia. It can significantly improve the surgical efficiency of DRG-PRF, but has no significant effect on the surgical efficacy.

[Status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China: a multi-center cross-sectional survey].

Objective: To describe the status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. Methods: This study was based on the National Key Research and Development Program of "National Precision Medicine Cohort of Esophageal Cancer" and "Study on Identification and Prevention of High-risk Populations of Gastrointestinal Malignancies (Esophageal cancer, Gastric cancer and Colorectal cancer)" . From January 2017 to August 2018, 212 villages or communities with a high incidence of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer were selected from 12 regions in 6 provinces. A total of 35 910 residents aged between 40 and 69 years old who met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent were investigated and enrolled in this study. The use of NSAIDs, demographic characteristics, health-related habits, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected by the questionnaire and physical examination. The status of main NSAIDs (aspirin, acetaminophen and ibuprofen) use with the difference varying in genders, age groups and regions were analyzed by using χ(2) test and Cochran-Armitage trend analysis method. Results: Of 35 910 subjects, the mean age was (54.6±7.1) years old and males accounted for 43.42% (15 591). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.56% (1 638), but it significantly varied in different provinces (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of NSAIDs intake was 4.87% (1 750) in females, which was significantly higher than that in males 4.24% (1 524) (P<0.001). The prevalence of NSAIDs intake increased with age (P for trend <0.001). As the frequency of NSAIDs intake increased, the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal ulcers and black stools increased (P for trend <0.05 for all). Conclusion: The use of NSAIDs is prevalent in some areas with a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China. The increased use of NSAIDs may lead to more adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract.

Effect of premedication on lesion detection rate and visualization of the mucosa during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a multicenter large sample randomized controlled double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for higher lesions detection rate has not been well studied so far. This study aimed to confirm whether premedication could improve the detection rate of early cancer or precancerous lesions and mucosal visibility. METHOD: From July 2015 to December 2015, 7200 participants from 6 centers were screened by endoscopy with one of the 4 following premedications randomly: (1) water (group D); (2) pronase (group A); (3) simethicone (group B); (4) pronase and simethicone (group C). Early cancer and precancerous lesions detection rates were taken as the primary endpoints, and mucosal visibility was taken as the secondary endpoint. They were compared among four groups to determine different premedication effects in terms of different anatomical sites. Trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; the registration number is ChiCTR-IOR-17010985. RESULTS: The upper gastrointestinal overall precancerous lesion detection rates among four groups were 8.7, 8.4, 10.0, and 10.3%, the overall early cancer detection rates were 1.3, 1.4%, 1.5, and 1.6%, both without significant difference (p = 0.138 and 0.878). However, the visibility score distributions between control group (D) and premedication groups (A, B, and C) were all statistically significant, with all anatomical sites p values < 0.001. Subgroup analyses, from 2 centers without screening before, also showed significant difference in esophageal (3.9, 3.3, 4.5, and 8.4% with p = 0.004) and overall (7.0, 5.5, 7.3, and 12.0% with p = 0.004) precancerous lesion detection rate. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with pronase and simethicone may not increase lesion detection rates but could significantly increase the upper gastrointestinal mucosal visibility.

[Analysis of incidence and mortality for upper digestive tract cancers and results of early detection and treatment program in Feicheng, Shandong Province].

Objective: To investigate the trend of esophageal and stomach cancer incidence and mortality in Feicheng during 2000 to 2013, and to evaluate the effects of the national project of screening for upper digestive tract cancers from 2006 to 2015 in Feicheng. Methods: We collected 26 569 cases, which were coded of C15 and C16 in the 10th edition of international classification of diseases (ICD) during the period of 2000-2013. The data came from cancer registration system of Feicheng, Shandong Province, China. These cases already covered 21 679 882 person-year. The annual percent change (APC) of incidence and mortalit were analyzed. The risk factors of upper gastrointestinal cancer were investigated and evaluated for people aging 40-69 in three street offices and eleven townships of Feicheng, and endoscopic screening was conducted among people who was in high risk. The corresponding data were used to analyze the early detection project of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening and early diagnosis, with the index of detection rate, early diagnosis rate, early treatment rate and other indicators. Result: There were 26 569 new cases of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer occurred in Feicheng from 2000 to 2013. The incidence of esophageal cancer gradually increased since 2000 with 76.06 per 100 000 people (575/756 005) and reached the peak in 2010 with incidence rate of 118.76 per 100 000 people (852/717 429), with the annual percent change at about 4.3% (95%CI: 2.7%-5.9%) and showed a downward trend after then but has no significance, with APC about-7.1% (95%CI:-15.8%-2.5%). The incidence of gastric cancer was increased from 2000 with an incidence rate of 37.70 per 100 000 people (285/756 005) to 2013 with an incidence rate of 54.59 per 100 000 (538/985 512), with an annual percent change of about 3.3% (95%CI: 2.1%-4.5%). Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer mortality showed a relatively stable trend during 2000 to 2013, esophageal cancer with APC about 0.1% (95%CI: -1.3%-1.5%) and stomach cancer with APC about 0.8% (95%CI: -0.5%-2.0%). From 2006 to 2015, 58 579 residents aged 40-69 years old participated cancer screening project covered 206 105 populations in Feicheng. There were 1 124 invasive cancers and in situ cases from upper digestive tract were detected, with the detective rate at 1.92%. Among those cases, 941 cases were in early stage with the early diagnosis rate of 83.72%, and about 88.97% of detected patients received appropriate treatment after diagnosis. Conclusion: The incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer with a very high level of incidence and mortality, this made the prevention and control situation was still very serious. The project of cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment on upper digestive tract cancers in Feicheng plays a positive role on cancer control.

miR-106a* inhibits the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells by targeting CDK2-associated Cullin 1 (CACUL1).

Previous studies suggest that aberrant microRNA expression is common in plenty of cancers. The expression of miR-106a* was decreased in follicular lymphoma, but the expression and functions of miR-106a* in esophageal carcinoma (EC) remain unclear. In this study, we explored the expression and anti-oncogenic roles of miR-106a* in human EC. The expression of miR-106a* is significantly decreased in EC tissues and EC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-106a* suppressed EC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, G1/S transition, and induced apoptosis in vitro, but inhibition of miR-106a* facilitated cell proliferation, clonogenicity, G1/S transition. Luciferase reporter assay results showed that CDK2-associated Cullin 1 (CACUL1) was a direct target of miR-106a* in EC cells. Moreover, silencing CACUL1 resulted in the same biologic effects of miR-106a* overexpression in EC cells, which included suppressed EC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and blocked G1/S transition through CDK2 pathway by inhibiting cell cycle regulators (Cyclin A, Cyclin E). Our data indicate that miR-106a* might play an anti-oncogenic role in EC by regulating CACUL1 expression, which suggest miR-106a* as a new potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for EC.

Transgenic plants expressing autoantigens fed to mice to induce oral immune tolerance.

Oral administration of protein can induce antigen-specific immune hyporesponsiveness. However, the utility of oral tolerance to autoantigens in the treatment of autoimmune diseases may be limited when candidate autoantigens cannot be produced by conventional systems in quantities sufficient for clinical studies. Plants may be ideally suited for this purpose, as they can synthesize, glycosylate and assemble mammalian proteins to provide huge quantities of relatively low cost soluble proteins. Furthermore, edible transgenic plants could provide a simple and direct method of autoantigen delivery for oral tolerance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether a transgenic plant expression system was capable of synthesizing the diabetes-associated autoantigen, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in an immunogenic form and whether the oral administration of an autoantigen expressed by a plant could directly induce protective immune responses in a mouse model of diabetes. We show that a GAD-expressing transgenic plant, given as a dietary supplement, inhibits the development of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse.

Verification of expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in gastric adenocarcinoma patients and its effects on cell biological function based on TCGA database.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in gastric adenocarcinoma patients and its effects on the cell biological function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expressions and survival of lncRNA FOXCUT in gastric adenocarcinoma patients (GA) in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were collected. Fifty patients with GA treated in our hospital (patient group) and another 50 contemporaneous normal people (normal group) were collected. Expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in GES1, SNU-5, HGC-27, SGC-7901, and AGS cells were detected. Also, si-lncRNA FOXCUT and si-NC sequences were transfected to SGC-7901. Si-RNA and si-NC groups were constructed in AGS cells. QRT-PCR was used to detect expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in samples. MTT, transwell, and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected cells. Patients were followed up for 5 years to observe their survival. RESULTS: Expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in cancer tissues of GA patients in TCGA database were significantly increased (p<0.001). The survival rate of patients with low expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT was significantly increased (p=0.017, p=0.047). LncRNA FOXCUT is closely related to patients' tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and differentiation degree (p<0.05). LncRNA FOXCUT has high clinical value in disease diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and lncRNA FOXCUT were independent prognostic factors. Compared with GES1, expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT in GA cells increased significantly (p<0.05), the proliferation and invasion ability of si-RNA group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with si-NC group, and the apoptosis rate of si-RNA group was significantly lower than that of si-NC group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the inhibition of the expressions of lncRNA FOXCUT can reduce the proliferation and invasion of GA cells and increase apoptosis, which can be used as a potential therapeutic target for GA.

Effect of inhibition to Yes-related proteins-mediated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway through miR-195-5p on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study aimed to explore the expression of miR-195-5p and Yes-associated protein (YAP) in gastric cancer (GC) and their relevant apoptosis mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty GC patients treated in our hospital were enrolled as a patient group and 30 normal people who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as a normal group. The purchased GC cells and human gastric mucous membrane cells were used to transfect miR-195-5p-mimics, miR-NC, si-YAP, and si-RNA into MKN45 and SGC7901 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-195-5p and YAP in samples, and WB was used to detect the expression of YAP, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin Dl. CCK-8, the transwell, and the flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The dual fluorescent enzyme reporter was used to determine the relationship between miR-195-5p and YAP. RESULTS: MiR-195-5p was lowly expressed in the tissues and serum of patients, but YAP was highly expressed, and the area under the miR-195-5p and YAP curves was more than 0.9. MiR-195-5p and YAP were associated with tumor diameter, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation in GC patients. The overexpression of miR-195-5p and the inhibition of YAP expression can inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis. WB assay showed that the overexpression of miR-195-5p and the inhibition of YAP could inhibit the expression of ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 protein and promote the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 protein. The dual fluorescent enzyme reporter revealed that there was a targeting relationship between miR-195-5p and YAP. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of miR-195-5p can inhibit YAP-mediated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and promote cell apoptosis, so it may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment of myoepithelial carcinoma of head and neck].

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of myoepithelial carcinoma of the head and neck. Method:The clinical data of 59 patients with head and neck myoepithelial carcinoma admitted from January 2012 to October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The data was analyzed with SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Result:The follow-up period was 6 to 131 months. The mean follow-up time was 36 months. One patient（1.7%） was lost to follow-up, 17 patients（28.8%） had postoperative local recurrence, 8 patients（13.6%） had distant metastasis, and 5 patients（8.5%） had cervical lymph node metastasis; 14 patients（23.7%） died. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 92%, 73%, and 62%, respectively. Survival rate curves of different treatment methods were significantly different by Gehan method（P<0.05）. Compared between the two groups, there was significant difference between surgery alone and surgery plus radiotherapy than radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the other two treatment methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor location, clinical stage and survival status and local recurrence rate were significantly correlated（P<0.05）, but gender, age and survival status and local recurrence rate were not significantly correlated（P>0.05）. Conclusion:The incidence of myoepithelial carcinoma is low, and the clinical manifestations and imaging studies lack specificity. The tumor is prone to local recurrence, invasive, and has a high incidence of distant metastasis. It is a highly malignant tumor. Surgical treatment is preferred and the requirements for first surgery are high, and major salivary glands and advanced tumors（stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ） are risk factors for survival and local recurrence. Early diagnosis and early treatment can significantly improve the survival rate of patients, reduce the local recurrence rate of tumors, and improve the prognosis of patients.

[Influence of cluster nursing intervention on inadequate drainage in vacuum sealing drainage for inpatients in burn unit].

Objective: To explore the influence of cluster nursing intervention on inadequate drainage in vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for inpatients in burn unit. Methods: From October to December 2016, 60 patients, aged (43.6±2.8) years admitted to our department, receiving VSD treatment and conforming to the inclusion criteria, were included in the routine nursing group, and among the patients, 37 cases were male and 23 cases were female. From May to July 2017, 58 patients, aged (44.2±3.2) years admitted to our department, receiving VSD treatment and conforming to the inclusion criteria, were included in the cluster nursing group, and among the patients, 36 cases were male and 22 cases were female. The patients' medical records were retrospectively analyzed. After VSD treatment, patients in routine nursing group received routine nursing, and patients in cluster nursing group received cluster nursing. A cluster intervention group was formed and headed by a chief surgeon. The cluster nursing plan was formulated and implemented strictly from the following six aspects of material preparation, negative pressure value control and negative pressure mode setting, drainage tube nursing, semi-permeable membrane reinforcement, standardizing changing process and timing of drainage capsule, and health education. During VSD treatment, the incidence of inadequate drainage, reasons of inadequate drainage and the occurrences, occurrences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types and sites, and satisfaction of patients in two groups were observed and calculated. The patient satisfaction items included procedure of drainage capsule replacement, the method of tube fixation, the content and form of health education. Data were processed with independent sample t test and chi-square test. Results: (1) During VSD treatment, the incidence of inadequate drainage of patients in routine nursing group was 43.33% (130/300), which was significantly higher than 17.24% (50/290) in cluster nursing group (χ(2)=43.350, P<0.01). (2) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage caused by blockage of drainage tube due to scabbing of drainage, low negative pressure, air leakage of semi-permeable membrane, improper changing process of drainage capsule, shedding, compression, reversal of drainage tube of patients in cluster nursing group were 7.93% (23/290), 4.48% (13/290), 1.72% (5/290), 1.03% (3/290), and 2.07% (6/290), respectively, significantly lower than 16.67% (50/300), 11.67% (35/300), 4.33% (13/300), 4.00% (12/300), and 6.67% (20/300) in routine nursing group (χ(2)=10.379, 22.951, 4.832, 7.840, 7.399, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of burn wounds, trauma wounds, pressure ulcer, venous ulcer in lower limbs, and diabetic foot of patients in cluster nursing group were significantly lower than those in routine nursing group (χ(2)=17.835, 6.809, 9.478, 4.939, 8.631, P<0.05 or P<0.01). During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types of patients in the same group were close (χ(2)=0.434, 0.057, P>0.05). (4) During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in limbs, trunk, buttocks, and sacrococcyx of patients in cluster nursing group were significantly lower than those in routine nursing group (χ(2)=31.892, 9.588, 4.939, 4.549, P<0.05 or P<0.01). During VSD treatment, the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different wound sites of patients in the same group were close (χ(2)=0.071, 0.069, P>0.05). (5) The satisfaction scores in changing process of drainage capsule, method of tube fixation, content and form of health education of patients in cluster nursing group after VSD treatment were significantly higher than those in routine nursing group (t=5.166, 4.471, 7.958, 8.975, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cluster nursing intervention on patients receiving VSD treatment could reduce the incidences of inadequate drainage of wounds in different types and sites caused by various reasons. It also can improve patient satisfaction.

An expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 in peripheral blood within the different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis.

The malignant transformation of esophageal mucosa is a progressive process, which includes basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The objectives of this study were to prove the relationship of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 (SCCA2) mRNA expression in peripheral blood with non-malignant lesion, premalignant lesion, and carcinoma of the esophagus at the same assay, as well as to evaluate whether or not SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be a biomarker for monitoring the premalignant lesion of the disease. The subjects consisted of 50 patients with basal cell hyperplasia, 50 patients with dysplasia, 50 patients with ESCC (12 carcinoma in situ, 38 carcinoma in invasive stage), and 50 controls who were pathologically diagnosed to be normal and whose esophageal mucosa were stained brown by iodine. All the subjects are residents of Feicheng, China, which is considered an area with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. All subjects were diagnosed by two separate histopathologists, and the expression of SCCA2 mRNA in peripheral blood was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, SCCA2 concentration in the serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the cancer group, SCCA2 mRNA expression was also detected in 20 tissues of esophageal cancer. By using the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin, with a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the positive rates of the SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were found to be 82% (41/50), 60% (30/50), 48% (24/50), and 36% (18/50) in the cancer, dysplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, and control groups, respectively. The positive rate of the cancer group was significantly different from the three other groups (P < 0.05), and there was also a significant difference in the SCCA2 mRNA expression between the dysplasia group and the control group (chi(2)=5.769, P= 0.016). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.73-3.99] in the basal cell hyperplasia group, 2.77 (95% CI, 1.14-6.71) in the dysplasia group, and 7.87 (95% CI, 2.88-21.55) in the cancer group after being adjusted for age, gender, smoking index, drinking index, and family history of esophageal cancer. The SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was then divided into different grades according to the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin. By using a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the testing sensitivities in the basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cancer groups were found to be 48%, 60%, and 82%, respectively, with the same testing specificity at 64%. On the other hand, SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood had a 97.5% agreement with that in tissue, and there was a significant correlation between the ELISA SCCA2 levels in the serum and the SCCA2 mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood (r= 0.80, P= 0.01). The results indicate that SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood is linked with the different stages of esophageal pathological changes, despite the fact that SCCA2 mRNA was not a biomarker for screening early esophageal cancer. This knowledge may be useful in monitoring the processes of change that occur in esophageal premalignant lesions among subjects who live in a high-incidence area.

Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Age but Not Renal Function: A Cross-Sectional Follow-Up Study.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline renal function and changes in telomere length in Han Chinese. METHODS: The telomere restriction fragment (TRF) length of leukocytes in the peripheral blood was measured in healthy volunteers recruited in 2014. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine (Scr) and serum cystatin C (CysC)-eGFRcys and eGFRScr-cys through the Cockcroft-Gault formula (eGFRC-G) or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI / eGFRCKD-EPI) equation. The correlation between telomere length changes over time and renal function was analyzed. RESULTS: Leukocyte TRF lengths were negatively correlated to age (r = -0.393, p < 0.001) and serum CysC (r = -0.180, p < 0.01), while positively associated with eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRC-G, eGFRcys, and eGFRScr-cys (r = 0.182, 0.122, 0.290, and 0.254 respectively, p < 0.01). The 3-year change of telomere length was 46 bp/years. When adjusted for age, the associations between telomere length changes and baseline, subsequent TRF lengths, and serum CysC were no longer present. No association was observed between TRF length changes and renal function. CONCLUSION: The rate of telomere length changes was affected by age and baseline telomere length. The telomere length changes might be important markers for aging.

How to map ses, a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana affecting pollen development.

In Arabidopsis, map-based cloning has been developed to an effective method in mutant genetic analysis because high-density markers are available, candidate genes or genomic sequences can be amplified by PCR and transgenic techniques are simplified. Mutant ses named from shortened early-stage siliques was used as an example to show how to map a mutant in this day. By the process of bulked segregants analysis, linkage testing, large-scale and fine scale mapping, mutant ses was narrowed into a 67 kb interval from CER448792 (2000541 bp) to CER464544 (2067844 bp) crossing over the right of BAC F12K11 to the left of the BAC F4H5 including at most 22 putative genes on the top of chromosome l. In sequence-based map of Arabidopsis genes with Mutant phenotype (SMAGMP) mutant ses was between ATlg06150 (EMB1444) and ATlg08060 (MOM). The SES mapping also showed that developed markers on polymorphism site of CAPC not only were simplified and but worked well. 24 markers from CAPC used in the mapping maybe help Arabidopsis researches with others and the methods related to SES mapping also gave an example of positional cloning.

[Experimental study of degenerative arthritis of the patello-femoral joint].

In order to investigate the pathological changes and stages of development of degenerative arthritis, a model of degenerative arthritis of patello-femoral joint was established in 30 rabbits by shortening the patellar tendon by 4 mm. The animals were killed 1,2,4,6,8,12 weeks after operation, and the results showed that the compression force between patella and femoral condyle increased 1/4 and a typical change of degenerative arthritis was a observed grossly and histologically and ultrastructurally. The authors consider that this kind of model may be used for further study of prevention and treatment of degenerative arthritis.

[The design of a model of the experimental cervical spondylosis].

A model of the cervical spondylosis in the rabbits was established with press-injection of saline into the space between C5 and C6. The formation of the osteophytes at the posterior corner of the vertebra and the slight compression of the spinal cord were found in 4 months after the injection. The swelling, degeneration and rupture of the annulus fibrosus, the regeneration of fibrocartilage cells and the deposition of calcium extending to the posterior part of the vertebral body were observed under light microscope. The pathological changes were similar to those of the cervical spondylosis in the human being.

Serial evaluation of high-resolution CT findings in patients with pneumonia in novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to review the changes in the serial high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings from patients with novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection. METHODS: HRCT findings of 70 patients with presumed or laboratory-confirmed novel S-OIV infection were reviewed. The pattern (consolidation, ground glass, fibrosis and air trapping), distribution and extent of abnormality of the lesions on the HRCT were evaluated at different time points. To assess changes that occurred over time, the CT scans in 56 patients were examined in sequence. RESULTS: The most common CT findings in patients with S-OIV infection are ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation at the first week. The abnormalities peaked at the second week and resolved after that time, which resulted in substantial reduced residual disease at 4 weeks or later. The development of fibrosis was noted in the first week and peaked at the third week of illness (34.7%), then decreased slowly after that time. The mean time of air trapping being noted after the onset of symptoms was 55.5 ± 20.6 days. Comparing the findings of initial CT, most results (96.4%) of follow-up chest CT findings showed improvement (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The abnormalities of ground-glass opacities and/or consolidation on initial CT scans tended to resolve to fibrosis, which then resolved completely or displayed substantially reduced residual disease. HRCT may show more changes in disease progression and play an important role in the evaluation of severe S-OIV.