ABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting (LA) oxytetracycline (OTC), widely used broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in veterinary medicine, were evaluated in Kilis goats at single dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight (bw). A total of 21 goats were divided into three groups: intravenous (Group I) and intramuscular (IM) (Group II) administration of the conventional formulation and IM administration of the LA formulation (Group III). Blood samples were taken at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 h; and OTC analysis was performed by HPLC. For Group III and Group II, time to reach maximal plasma drug concentration (Tmax) was 0.6 ± 0.28 and 0.46 ± 0.09 h and maximal plasma drug concentrations (Cmax) were 8.72 ± 2.47 µg/ml and 13.57 ± 5.83 µg/ml, respectively. In Group I, C0 concentration was found to be 63.51 ± 11.59 µg/ml. The elimination times (T1/2) were 10.84 ± 3.20, 27.96 ± 11.66, and 10.47 ± 1.30 h; and AUC were 115 ± 29.12, 96.44 ± 9.49, and 80.86 ± 12.76 µg/ml/h for Group I; Group II, and Group III, respectively. Bioavailability by IM administration were 69.71% for the conventional OTC and 83.15% for the LA OTC.
ABSTRACT
Ten healthy adult Kilis goat mesenteric lymph nodes were used to examine the general structure of lymph nodes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, reticular cells and reticular fibers using histological methods. We also detected T lymphocytes using anti-CD3 [SP7], anti-CD4 [74-12-4], mouse anti-bovine CD4 [CC30] and mouse anti-bovine CD8 [CC63] monoclonal antibodies (mAb); and B lymphocytes using anti-CD79a [HM57] mAb, macrophages using anti-macrophage [MAC387] mAb and follicular dendritic cells using anti-S100 polyclonal antibody (pAb). The distribution of these cells also was studied. Although the primer antibodies we used for CD3, CD8, CD79a, MAC387 and S100 worked well, the primer antibodies for CD4 were ineffective for paraffin embedded goat lymph nodes.