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Background: During peacekeeping missions, military personnel may be involved in or exposed to potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs), such as an inability to intervene due to a limited mandate. While exposure to such morally transgressive events has been shown to lead to moral injury in combat veterans, research on moral injury in peacekeepers is limited.Objective: We aimed to determine patterns of exposure to PMIEs and associated outcome- and exposure-related factors among Dutch peacekeepers stationed in the former Yugoslavia during the Srebrenica genocide.Method: Self-report data were collected among Dutchbat III veterans (N = 431). We used Latent Class Analysis to identify subgroups of PMIE exposure as assessed by the Moral Injury Scale-Military version. We investigated whether deployment location, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth, resilience, and quality of life differentiated between latent classes.Results: The analysis identified a three-class solution: a high exposure class (n = 79), a moderate exposure class (n = 261), and a betrayal and powerlessness-only class (n = 135). More PMIE exposure was associated with deployment location and higher odds of having probable PTSD. PMIE exposure was not associated with posttraumatic growth. Resilience and quality of life were excluded from analyses due to high correlations with PTSD.Conclusions: Peacekeepers may experience varying levels of PMIE exposure, with more exposure being associated with worse outcomes 25 years later. Although no causal relationship may be assumed, the results emphasize the importance of better understanding PMIEs within peacekeeping.
Peacekeeping veterans reported different patterns of exposure to potentially morally injurious experiences: high exposure, moderate exposure, or experiences of betrayal and powerlessness only.Deployment location predicted the pattern of exposure.More exposure was associated with worse psychological outcomes 25 years later.
Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Veterans , Humans , Latent Class Analysis , Quality of Life , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , United NationsABSTRACT
Objective: High-risk professionals and specialised nurses in hospitals are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events. Psychotrauma researchers have extensively studied personal risk factors of traumatisation among high-risk professionals, but it is hard to understand psychological functioning when professionals are decontextualised from their social environment. Generally, it has been well documented that to reduce the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental health problems related to traumatisation, it is essential to be embedded in a supportive social environment. However, study results among and within these occupational groups show great variety and even inconsistencies as to what is a supportive social environment.Method: This ethnographical research, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, explored the social environment of firefighters, police officers, ambulance paramedics, specialised nurses, and military personnel and aims to explore their social connections and embeddedness. We performed a thematic content analysis of data to identify themes related to social or emotional support, social relationships, and stress or traumatisation.Results: An analysis of the observational field notes, which covered 332â h of participant observation and 71 evenly distributed formal in-depth interviews, identified four themes related to social connections and embeddedness: Family, Hierarchical relations versus autonomy, Group versus individual, and Conditional family 'love'. Results revealed that the military, police, and professional firefighters have family-like hierarchical connections and highly value group unity. Paramedics and most specialised nurses, however, tend to value individuality and autonomy in their work relationships.Conclusion: This research shows noticeable differences in the social environments and social connections of these professionals, which implicates that prevention and mental health treatment might also have to be differentiated among occupational groups.
It is of great importance for high-risk professionals or frontline professionals who are frequently exposed to potential traumatic events, to be embedded in a supportive social environment; to work with the conviction that others 'have your back'. However, their social environments differ so much that we cannot lump them together in one category.The military, police, and professional or career firefighters have family-like hierarchical connections and highly value group unity. Ambulance paramedics and most nurses working in specialised departments, such as emergency rooms, operating rooms, and intensive care units, on the other hand tend to value individuality and autonomy in their work relationships.To be effective, programmes for preventions, such as professional support or formal peer support, as well as mental health treatments might have to be differentiated accordingly between occupational groups.
Subject(s)
Social Environment , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Qualitative Research , PoliceABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the influence of atmospheric pressure changes on the behavior of intraocular pressure of healthy military individuals-students and instructors of the National Navy's Diving & Rescue School at the "ARC BOLÍVAR" naval base-during a simulated immersion in the hyperbaric chamber of the Naval Hospital of Cartagena. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was performed. The intraocular pressure was measured at different atmospheric pressures during 60-min sessions in the hyperbaric chamber while breathing compressed air. The maximum simulated depth was 60 feet. Participants were students and instructors of the Naval Base's Diving and Rescue Department. Results: A total of 48 eyes from 24 divers were studied, of which 22 (91.7%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 30.6 (SD=5.5) years, ranging from 23 to 40. No participant had a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The mean base intraocular pressure at sea level was 14 mmHg, which decreased to 13.1 mmHg (decreased by 1.2 mmHg) at 60 feet deep (p=0.0012). However, during the safety stop at 30 feet, the mean IOP kept decreasing until reaching 11.9 mmHg (p<0.001). By the end of the session, the mean intraocular pressure reached 13.1 mmHg, which is inferior and statistically significant when compared with the intraocular pressure base mean (p=0.012). Conclusions: In healthy individuals, the intraocular pressure decreases when reaching a depth of 60 feet (2.8 absolute atmosphere pressure) and it decreases even more during ascension at 30 feet. Measurements at both points were significantly different when compared with base intraocular pressure. The final intraocular pressure was lower than the baseline intraocular pressure, suggesting a residual and prolonged effect of the atmospheric pressure on intraocular pressure.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das alterações da pressão atmosférica no comportamento da pressão intraocular de indivíduos militares saudáveis-alunos e instrutores da Escola de Mergulho e Resgate da Marinha Nacional na base naval "ARC BOLÍVAR"-durante uma imersão simulada na câmara hiperbárica do Hospital da Marinha de Cartagena. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo exploratório descritivo. A pressão intraocular foi medida em diferentes pressões atmosféricas durante sessões de 60 minutos na câmara hiperbárica respirando ar comprimido. A profundidade máxima simulada foi de 60 pés. Os participantes eram alunos e instrutores do Departamento de Mergulho e Resgate da Base Naval. Resultados: Quarenta e oito olhos de 24 mergulhadores foram estudados. Vinte e dois participantes (91,7%) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,6 (DP=5,5) anos, variando de 23 a 40. Nenhum participante tinha histórico de glaucoma ou hipertensão ocular. A média de base da pressão intraocular ao nível do mar foi de 14 mmHg, diminuindo para 13,1 mmHg (queda de 1,2 mmHg) a 60 pés de profundidade (p=0,0012). Entretanto, durante a parada de segurança a 30 pés, a pressão intraocular média continuou diminuindo até atingir 11,9 mmHg (p<0,001). Ao final da sessão, a pressão intraocular média atingiu 13,1 mmHg, valor inferior e estatisticamente significativo quando comparada à média de base da pressão intraocular (p=0,012). Conclusões: Em indivíduos saudáveis, a pressão intraocular diminui ao atingir uma profundidade de 60 pés (2,8 de pressão atmosférica absoluta) e diminui ainda mais durante a ascensão a 30 pés. As medidas em ambos os pontos foram significativamente diferentes quando comparadas à pressão intraocular de base. A pressão intraocular final foi menor do que a pressão intraocular de base, sugerindo um efeito residual e prolongado da pressão atmosférica sobre a pressão intraocular.
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Introducción: La fundación de la Cruz Roja Española se puede remontar a la tercera Guerra Carlista, los fines, principios y el servicio de esta institución repercutieron en el desarrollo de la profesión de enfermería en la época. Objetivo: determinar la implicación de la Cruz Roja Española en la profesionalización enfermera entre 1912 y 1939. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en los principales portales de búsqueda, así como en bibliotecas de especialización en historia de la enfermería. Resultados: la Cruz Roja Española participó en el desarrollo asistencial y formativo de la enfermería, fundando y regentando hospitales propios y hospitales de campaña para atender a los heridos surgidos de diferentes conflictos bélicos, como las propias Guerras Carlistas, la Guerra del Rif o la Guerra Civil Española. En la formación fundaron diversos Hospitales-Escuelas que impartían una formación teórico-práctica, supervisada por monjas religiosas. Conclusión: la participación de la Cruz Roja en la profesionalización enfermera radica en la colaboración, atención y asistencia de los heridos en numerosos conflictos bélicos a nivel nacional, como fueron las Guerras Carlistas, la Guerra del Rif y la Guerra Civil Española. La Cruz Roja también participó en el avance y mejora de la formación reglada hasta la época, contando con figuras como la de Dama Enfermera, Enfermeras profesionales y enfermeras especialistas. (AU)
Background: The foundation of the Spanish Red Cross can be traced back to the third Carlist War, the purposes, principles, and service of this institution had an impact on the development of the nursing profession at the time. Objective: to determine the involvement of the Spanish Red Cross in nursing professionalization between 1912 and 1939. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the main search portals, as well as in specialized libraries in nursing history. Results: The Spanish Red Cross participated in the development of nursing care and training, founding and running its own hospitals and field hospitals to care for the wounded from various wars, such as the Carlist Wars themselves, the Rif War or the Spanish Civil War. In the training they founded various Hospital-Schools that provided theoretical practical training, supervised by religious nuns. Conclusion: The participation of the Red Cross in the professionalization of nursing lies in the collaboration, care, and assistance of the wounded in numerous armed conflicts at the national level, such as the Carlist Wars, the Rif War and the Spanish Civil War. The Red Cross also participated in the advancement and improvement of regulated training up to that time, with figures such as the Lady Nurse, professional nurses, and specialist nurses. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Red Cross/history , History of Nursing , Hospitals, Military , Military Nursing , Nursing Research , SpainABSTRACT
Resumo: O trabalho militar, historicamente, é uma profissão predominantemente masculina. A crescente inserção das mulheres nas instituições militares tem enfrentado entraves importantes. A presente revisão bibliométrica objetivou mapear e analisar criticamente a literatura indexada sobre gênero no contexto militar, pretendendo especificamente identificar características, tendências e lacunas da produção científica sobre o tema nos últimos 10 anos na psicologia. Além da ausência de estudos brasileiros ou em língua portuguesa, identificou-se predominância de métodos quantitativos e de participantes homens nas pesquisas. O tema mais abordado foi o trauma sexual militar. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais investigações com mulheres militares em contexto brasileiro.
Resumen: El trabajo militar ha sido históricamente una profesión predominantemente masculina. La creciente inserción de la mujer en las instituciones militares ha enfrentado importantes obstáculos. La presente revisión bibliométrica tuvo como objetivo mapear y analizar críticamente la literatura indexada sobre género en el contexto militar, con el objetivo de identificar características, tendencias y vacíos en la producción científica sobre el tema en los últimos 10 años. Además de la ausencia de estudios brasileños o en lengua portuguesa, se identificó predominio de métodos cuantitativos y participantes del sexo masculino en la investigación. El tema más discutido fue el trauma sexual militar. Se destaca la necesidad de más investigaciones con mujeres militares en el contexto brasileño.
Abstract: Military work is, historically, a predominantly male profession. The growing insertion of women in military institutions has faced important obstacles. This bibliometric review aimed to map and critically analyze the indexed literature on gender in the military context, specifically intending to identify characteristics, trends and gaps in scientific production on the topic in the last 10 years. In addition to the absence of Brazilian or Portuguese-language studies, a predominance of quantitative methods and male participants was identified. The most discussed topic was military sexual trauma. The need for more research with military women in the Brazilian context is highlighted.
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Introducción. Colombia es un país que ha tenido el conflicto armado como parte de su historia. Durante más de 50 años, diferentes tipos de armas han sido empleados en la guerra interna. Desde el año 1999 hasta 2010, en el Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, se atendieron más de 15.000 personas heridas en combate. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los abordajes quirúrgicos realizados para el tratamiento de lesiones generadas en combate militar, por el servicio de Cirugía general en el Hospital Militar Central, entre los años 2016 y 2021. Métodos. Se condujo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde se recolectó información de la base de datos del grupo de Trauma del Hospital Militar Central, sobre los pacientes con lesiones generadas en combate, atendidos por el servicio de cirugía general. Resultados. En total ingresaron 203 pacientes, 99 % de sexo masculino, 87 % pertenecientes al ejército. El departamento de donde más se recibieron heridos fue Arauca (20,7 %). Las armas de fuego de alta velocidad fueron los artefactos relacionados con las heridas en más de la mitad de los casos. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron extracción de cuerpo extraño (28 %), exploración vascular (25,5 %) y toracostomía o toracoscopia (20,6 %). Conclusión. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos para el manejo del trauma militar siguen siendo variados con respecto a la ubicación y el abordaje, razón por la cual el conocimiento del cirujano general debe ser amplio, para estar capacitado para su manejo.
Introduction. Colombia is a country that has had armed conflict as part of its history. For more than 50 years, different types of weapons have been used in internal warfare. From 1999 to 2010, more than 15,000 people injured in combat were treated at the Central Military Hospital, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. The objective of this study was to describe the surgical approaches carried out for the treatment of injuries generated in military combat, by the General Surgery service at the Central Military Hospital, between 2016 and 2021. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted, where information was collected from the database of the Trauma group of the Central Military Hospital on patients with injuries during combat treated by the General Surgery service. Results. A total of 203 patients were admitted, 99% were male, 87% belonged to the Army. The department from which the most wounded were received was Arauca (20.7%). High-velocity firearms were the injury-related weapons in more than half of the cases. The most common surgical interventions performed were foreign body extraction (28%), vascular exploration (25.5%), and thoracostomy or thoracoscopy (20.6%). Conclusion. Surgical procedures for the management of military trauma continue to be varied with respect to location and approach, which is why the general surgeon's knowledge must be extensive to be qualified for its management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bloodless Medical and Surgical Procedures , War-Related Injuries , Military Health Services , Wounds and Injuries , Warfare and Armed ConflictsABSTRACT
Diferentes estudios muestran que dos grupos tan diferentes como los militares y los músicos suelen manifestar altos niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es medir estas variables clínicas en músicos militares comparándolo con músicos civiles. La muestra está compuesta por 266 músicos, representada al cincuenta por ciento por músicos militares y civiles provenientes de todo el territorio nacional. Para medir los niveles de ansiedad y depresión se utilizaron el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). Los resultados muestran una relación directa entre la ansiedad y la depresión en el total de la muestra y en ambos grupos, encontrando que los músicos militares puntúan más alto que los civiles en ambas variables, y que en el ámbito militar afecta el escalafón, siendo la tropa la que presenta niveles más elevados en ansiedad y especialmente en depresión.(AU)
Different studies show that two groups as different as militaries and musicians usually demonstrate high levels of anxiety and depression. So, the objective of this study is measuring these clinics variables in military musicians comparing with civil musicians. The sample is composed of 266 musicians, represented fifty percent by military and civilian coming from all over the national territory. To measure the levels of anxiety and depression were used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results show a direct relationship between anxiety and depression in the sample total and in both groups, finding that military musicians score higher than civilians in both variables, and that in the military sphere it affects the Ladder, being the troop that presents higher levels of anxiety and especially depression.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety , Depression , Veterans/psychology , Music , Spain , Public HealthABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to determine incidence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani servicemen with reference to their area of duty, feeding habits and also to identify risk factors. Accordingly, 2,501 servicemen selected from all over Pakistan using multiple stage stratified sampling protocol. Nutrition assessment performed using body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25. Regression was used to find risk factors of obesity and WHR. Results indicated that about 1/4th of servicemen were smokers. Approximately, 1/5th of them were overweight and about one quarter were eating fruits and vegetables for <3 days/ week and <4 days/week, respectively. Only 1/3rd of them were physically active for at least <40 minutes per day. Age and fruits intake were significantly predicting BMI with a direct relation and vegetable intake was negatively correlated to BMI of the servicemen. Age and rank were significant predictors of WHR while, physical activity was negatively correlated to WHR. It is concluded and suggested from our study that there is a need to modify eating patterns and habits as well as improving physical activity on daily basis for healthy and long life of the servicemen.
O presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade em militares paquistaneses com referência à sua área de serviço, hábitos alimentares e também para identificar fatores de risco. Assim, 2.501 militares selecionados de todo o Paquistão usando protocolo de amostragem estratificada de múltiplos estágios. Avaliação nutricional realizada por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ) e avaliação alimentar por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio do SPSS versão 25. A regressão foi usada para encontrar fatores de risco para obesidade e RCQ. Os resultados indicaram que cerca de 1/4 dos militares eram fumantes. Aproximadamente, 1/5 deles estava com sobrepeso e cerca de um quarto comia frutas e vegetais por <3 dias / semana e <4 dias / semana, respectivamente. Apenas 1/3 deles era fisicamente ativo por pelo menos <40 minutos por dia. Idade e ingestão de frutas foram preditores significativos do IMC com uma relação direta e ingestão de vegetais foi negativamente correlacionada com o IMC dos militares. Idade e posição foram preditores significativos de RCQ, enquanto a atividade física foi negativamente correlacionada com RCQ. Conclui-se e sugere-se a partir de nosso estudo que há necessidade de modificar os padrões e hábitos alimentares, bem como melhorar a atividade física no dia a dia para uma vida longa e saudável dos militares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Feeding Behavior , Risk Factors , Military Personnel , Obesity/complications , Obesity/diagnosis , Overweight/complications , Overweight/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introduction: Fat excess in the organism can behave as a multifactorial problem and predisposes to the presence of non-transmissible chronic diseases, in which cardiovascular diseases can be mentioned. Objective: To establish the optimal cut-off for anthropometric indices to predict Metabolic Syndrome in army personnel, attended at the primary health care. Method: An analytical, non-experimental study that was carried out in army personnel at the University of the Armed Forces, during the year 2020. The sample was represented by 203 participants, the collection methods were the medical and anthropometric records, taking into consideration variables such as height and weight, hip and waist circumference, body mass index, laboratory tests, among others. All the data was analyzed using international classification criteria. Results: The prevalence of MetSyn was obtained, according to the different criteria: MetSyn ALAD: 4.08% (SD: 0.52), MetSyn ATP III: 7.65% (SD: 0.52), MetSyn HARM: 5.4% (SD: 0.52) and finally, MetSyn OMS: 7.65% (SD: 0.52). Likewise, the predictive anthropometric indices according to the highest AUC are the WC and WHtR in all the criteria studied, in addition, according to MetSyn ATP III, the optimal WC cut-off is 91 cm and the WHtR is 0.53. Conclusions: The optimal cut-off for anthropometric indices that predict Metabolic syndrome in army personnel are WC and WHtR, with an optimal cut off lower than the criteria established by ALAD to the diagnosis of MetSyn.
Introducción: El exceso de grasa en el organismo puede ser un problema multifactorial y predispone a la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, entre las que se encuentran las cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Establecer el corte óptimo de los índices antropométricos para predecir el síndrome metabólico en personal militar que se atiende en la atención primaria de salud. Métodos: Estudio analítico, no experimental, llevado a cabo en personal militar de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, durante el año 2020. La muestra está representada por 203 participantes, los métodos de colección fueron los registros médicos y antropométricos, tomando en consideración variables como talla y peso, circunferencia de cintura y cadera, índice de masa corporal, pruebas de laboratorio, entre otros. Todos los datos fueron analizados usando criterios de clasificación internacional. Resultado: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (MetSyn), según los diferentes criterios es: MetSyn ALAD: 4,08 % (SD: 0,52), MetSyn ATP III: 7,65 % (SD: 0,52), MetSyn HARM: 5,4 % (SD: 0,52) y finalmente, MetSyn OMS: 7,65 % (SD: 0,52). Además, los índices antropométricos predictivos son el WC y WHtR en todos los criterios estudiados, y según MetSyn ATP III, el corte óptimo del WC es de 91 cm y del WHtR es de 0,53. Conclusiones: Los puntos de corte óptimos para los índices antropométricos que predicen el síndrome metabólico en el personal militar son WC y WHtR, con un punto de corte óptimo inferior a los criterios establecidos por ALAD para el diagnóstico de MetSyn.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the educational program based on self-regulation of learning in the level of knowledge about COVID-19 in the soldiers. Methods: Pre-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a single group, carried out in 2020. 179 soldiers from Puno, Peru participated. Two expository-participatory sessions and a demonstrative workshop were developed. A valid (Aiken's V = 0.69) and reliable (McDonald's Omega = 0.81) questionnaire was used. The Friedman's test was used to compare the results pre and post-test. Results: The level of knowledge about COVID-19 and in two of its dimensions changed from poor (pre-test) to regular (post-test). However, in the preventive measures dimension, it changed from poor (pre-test) to excellent (post-test). Conclusion: The proposed educational intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about COVID-19 in the soldiers, mainly in terms of preventive measures.
RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a efetividade do programa educacional baseado na autorregulação da aprendizagem a respeito do nível de conhecimento da COVID-19 em militares. Métodos: estudo pré-experimental de desenho pré-teste e pós-teste com um grupo só, realizado em 2020. Participaram 179 militares de Puno, Peru. Duas sessões expositivo-participativas e uma oficina demonstrativa foram desenvolvidas. Foi utilizado um questionário válido (V de Aiken = 0,69) e fiável (Ômega de McDonald = 0,81). O teste de Friedman foi empregado para comparar os resultados em pré e pós-teste. Resultados: o nível de conhecimento sobre a COVID-19 em duas das dimensões mudou de deficiente (pré-teste) para regular (pós-teste). Contudo, na dimensão de medidas preventivas, passou de deficiente (pré-teste) para excelente (pós-teste). Conclusão: a intervenção educacional proposta foi eficaz no aumento do conhecimento da COVID-19 entre os militares, principalmente em termos de medidas preventivas.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del Programa educativo basado en autorregulación del aprendizaje en el nivel de conocimiento sobre COVID-19 en militares. Métodos: Estudio preexperimental de diseño pretest y postest con un solo grupo, realizado en 2020. Participaron 179 militares de Puno, Perú. Se desarrollaron dos sesiones expositivo-participativas y un taller demostrativo. Se empleó un cuestionario válido (V de Aiken = 0,69) y confiable (Omega de McDonald = 0,81). Se utilizó el test de Friedman para comparar los resultados en pre y postest. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos sobre COVID-19 y en dos de sus dimensiones cambió de deficiente (pretest) a regular (postest). Sin embargo, en la dimensión medidas preventivas, cambió de deficiente (pretest) a excelente (postest). Conclusión: La intervención educativa propuesta fue efectiva al incrementar los conocimientos sobre COVID-19 en militares, principalmente en cuanto a medidas preventivas.
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Este estudo buscou compreender os estressores ocupacionais percebidos por enfermeiras militares e os seus modos de enfrentamento. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um hospital do Exército Brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a outubro de 2019 por meio de entrevista com uso de gravador eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva, e utilizou-se como referencial o Método Hermenêutico-Dialético com fundamentação na teoria dos sistemas de Betty Neuman. Com base nas unidades de significação dos discursos das participantes, foram identificadas três categorias de análise: (1) Estressores ocupacionais percebidos; (2) Percepção das enfermeiras sobre as repercussões do ambiente de trabalho na vida cotidiana; e (3) Enfrentamento dos estressores ocupacionais. A percepção das enfermeiras militares sobre o estresse ocupacional evidenciou que esse cenário é constituído de estressores típicos da profissão, do ser enfermeiro e do ser militar, podendo haver respostas diversas ao enfrentamento do estresse percebido.
This study aimed to understand the occupational stressors perceived by military nurses and their ways of coping. A qualitative research was carried out at a Brazilian Army hospital. Data collection took place from August to October 2019 through an interview by using an electronic recorder. The data were analyzed in a descriptive way, and the hermeneutic-dialectical method was used as a reference based on Betty Neuman's systems theory. Based on the units of signification of the participants' discourses, three categories of analysis were identified: (1)Perceived occupational stressors; (2) Perception of nurses about the repercussions of their work environment in everyday life; and (3) Coping with occupational stressors. The military nurses' perception of occupational stress showed that this scenario consists of stressors typical of the profession, of what it is like to be a nurse and to be in the military. There may be several responses to coping with perceived stress.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Elvira López Mourín fue una enfermera profesional y militar que formó parte de la primera promoción de enfermeras profesionales de la Cruz Roja española. Se trasladó al Hospital de Melilla para atender las demandas sani tarias de la Guerra del Rif. Su participa ción en el acto del primer vuelo sanitario español la convirtió en noticia en los me dios de la época y ha permitido recupe rar su figura. Su recorrido profesional se pierde después del año 1933 cuando se incorpora como enfermera del Cuerpo Auxiliar Subalterno del Ejército en el Hospital Militar de Urgencia de Madrid. Objetivo: determinar el curso y final profesional de la enfermera Elvira López Mourín. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en los medios electrónicos y de biblioteca disponibles. Se solicitó a los principales archivos históricos docu mentación de sus años de servicio. Se realizaron entrevistas a tres informantes y vecinos del pueblo natal de Elvira que la habían conocido. Resultados: Elvira López Mourín presta sus servicios como enfermera profesional y militar en el Cuerpo Auxiliar Subalterno del Ejército hasta el año 1939, cuando es sometida a un Consejo de Guerra, bajo el gobierno de la dicta dura franquista, del que queda absuelta de todos los cargos. A partir del 12 de mayo de 1940 se reincorpora al Cuerpo Auxiliar Subalterno del Ejército prestando sus servicios en el Hospital Militar de Ur gencia de Madrid hasta el 4 de septiem bre de 1958 cuando se retiró. Conclusión: el acto que rememo ra a Elvira López Mourín es su exitosa participación en la primera misión de vuelo sanitario en España. Durante su carrera profesional ejerció como enfer mera en Melilla y como parte del Cuerpo Auxiliar Subalterno del Ejército en el Hospital Militar de Urgencia de Madrid (AU)
Background: Elvira López Mourín was a professional and military nurse who was part of the first promotion of professional nurses of the Spanish Red Cross. She moved to the Melilla Hospital to meet the health demands of the Rif War. Her participation in the act of the first Spanish sanitary flight made her news in the media of the time and has allowed her figure to be recovered. Her professional career was lost after 1933 when she joined the Army's Junior Auxi liary Corps as a nurse at the Madrid Emergency Military Hospital. Purpose: to determine the course and professional end of the nurse Elvira López Mourín. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the available electronic and library media. Documentation of his years of service was requested from the main historical archives. Interviews were conducted with three informants and re sidents of Elvira's hometown who had known her. Results: Elvira López Mourín pro vided her services as a professional and military nurse in the Subordinate Auxiliary Corps of the Army until 1939, when she was subjected to a War Council, under the government of the Franco dictators hip, from which she was acquitted of all charges. As of May 12, 1940, she rejoi ned the Subordinate Auxiliary Corps of the Army, providing her services at the Emergency Military Hospital in Madrid until September 4, 1958, when she reti red. Conclusion: the act that comme morates Elvira López Mourín is her suc cessful participation in the first medic flight mission in Spain. During her pro fessional career, she worked as a nurse in Melilla and as part of the Subordinate Auxiliary Corps of the Army at the Madrid Emergency Military Hospital. She retired at the age of 65 in 1958 and worked as a nurse during the reign of Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenia and the Rif War, the dic tatorship of Primo de Rivera, the go vernment of the Second Republic, the Civil War, and the government of the Franco dictatorship (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History of Nursing , Military Nursing/history , Red Cross/history , SpainABSTRACT
El protocolo de primera ayuda psicológica basado en el modelo de las 4 C (PAP-4C) establece pautas para brindar apoyo y rescatar a individuos afectados en el lugar y momentos inmediatos posteriores a un desastre. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron estudiar los efectos de la toma de decisión y el entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C sobre la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate según ese modelo, evaluada una semana después de la capacitación recibida; e identificar otras variables psicológicas que se vinculan con dicha propensión. Para este estudio, se adoptó un enfoque explicativo, que involucró la implementación de un diseño experimental factorial 2x2, con los factores toma de decisión y entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C, en una muestra de 175 estudiantes universitarios de una academia militar sin entrenamiento previo en rescate en situaciones de desastre. Los resultados de un ancova mostraron que la toma de decisión basada en la emoción perjudica la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C en comparación con una toma de decisiones basada en la racionalidad, luego de controlar estadísticamente a las covariables. Con relación a la identificación de estas, una serie de características psicológicas se habían mostrado asociadas con la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate. En este sentido, se habían hallado correlaciones positivas con tenacidad, honestidad, apertura, jovialidad, agradabilidad, la atracción afectiva hacia los demás y la toma de la perspectiva del otro. Además, se habían hallado asociaciones positivas con las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo dirigido a cambiar la situación, y cognitivo y conductual motor para reducir la emoción. Finalmente, se habían encontrado también asociaciones negativas con la aversión afectiva hacia los demás y el afrontamiento evitativo. En conclusión, por una parte, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a mostrar la importancia de que los líderes de grupos de rescate indiquen a los rescatistas que, cuando realizan la tarea del rescate de personas afectadas por desastres, eviten tomar decisiones emocionales. Por otra parte, los resultados también ofrecen orientación para la selección de personal sin experiencia previa en la asistencia en situaciones de desastre, ya que se identificó una amplia serie de variables psicológicas asociadas a la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C. En suma, esta investigación proporciona un valioso aporte al campo de la asistencia psicológica en situaciones de crisis, al identificar factores y variables psicológicas que podrían influir en los comportamientos de los rescatistas no profesionales y sin experiencia previa cuando se debe rescatar y brindar apoyo psicológico a personas afectadas por un desastre.
The psychological first aid protocol based on the 4 Cs model (PAP-4C) establishes guidelines for providing support and rescue to affected individuals at the scene and in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The ob-jectives of this research were to study the effects of decision making and brief training in the PAP-4C on the propensity for effective rescue behaviour according to that model, assessed one week after the training received; and to identify other psychological variables that are linked to that propensity. For this study, an explanatory approach was adopted, involving the implementation of a 2x2 factorial experimental design, with the factors decision making and brief face-to-face training in the PAP-4C, in a sample of 175 university students from a military academy with no previous training in disaster rescue. The results of an ancova showed that emotionbased decision making impaired the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C compared to rationality-based decision making, after statistically controlling for covariates. In relation to the identification of covariates, a number of psychological characteristics had been shown to be associated with the propensity for efficient rescue behaviour. In this regard, positive correlations were found with tenacity, honesty, openness to experience, cheerfulness, agreeableness, affective attraction to the other and taking the other's perspective. In addition, positive associations were found with cognitive coping strategies aimed at changing the situation, and cognitive and behavioural motor coping strategies aimed at reducing the emotion. Finally, negative associations were also found with an affective aversion towards the other and avoidant coping. In conclusion, on the one hand, the results of this study aim to show the importance of rescue team leaders instructing rescuers to avoid making emotional decisions when carrying out rescuing disaster affected people. On the other hand, the results provide guidance for the selection of personnel with no previous expe-rience in disaster relief, as a wide range of psycho-logical variables associated with the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C were identified. In sum, this research provides a valuable contribution to the field of psychological assistance in crisis situations by identifying psychological factors and variables that may influence the behaviours of non-professional and inexperienced rescuers when rescuing and providing psychological support to disaster-affected people.
O protocolo de primeiros auxílios psicológicos baseado no modelo 4 C (PAP-4C) estabelece diretrizes para fornecer apoio e resgatar indivíduos afetados no local e imediatamente após um desastre. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar os efeitos da tomada de decisão e do breve treinamento presencial no PAP-4C sobre a propensão para um comportamento de resgate eficaz de acordo com esse modelo, avaliado uma semana após o treinamento recebido; e identificar outras variáveis psicológicas que estão ligadas a essa propensão. Para este estudo foi adotada uma abordagem explicativa, que envolveu a implementação de um desenho experi-mental fatorial 2x2, com os fatores tomada de decisão e breve treinamento presencial sobre o PAP-4C, em uma amostra de 175 estudantes universitários de uma academia militar sem treinamento prévio em resgate em situações de desastre. Os resultados de uma ancova mostraram que a tomada de decisão baseada na emoção, prejudica a propensão para um comportamento eficaz no PAP-4C em comparação com a tomada de decisão baseada na racionalidade, após controlar estatisticamente as covariáveis. Em relação à identificação destas, uma série de características psicológicas mostraramse associadas à propensão para comportamentos de resgate eficazes. Nesse sentido, foram encontradas correlações positivas com tenacidade, honestidade, abertura, jo-vialidade, simpatia, atração emocional pelos outros e tomada de perspectiva do outro. Além disso, foram en-contradas associações positivas com estratégias de enfrentamento cognitivas destinadas a mudar a situação e estratégias de enfrentamento comportamentais cog-nitivas e motoras para reduzir a emoção. Finalmente, também foram encontradas associações negativas com aversão afetiva em relação aos outros e enfrentamento evitativo. Concluindo, por um lado, os resultados deste estudo pretendem mostrar a importância de os líderes dos grupos de resgate dizerem aos socorristas que, ao realizarem a tarefa de resgatar pessoas afetadas por de-sastres, devem evitar tomar decisões emocionais. Por outro lado, os resultados também oferecem orientação para a seleção de pessoal sem experiência anterior em assistência em situações de desastre, uma vez que foi identificada uma ampla série de variáveis psicológicas associadas à propensão para comportamentos eficazes no PAP-4C. Em resumo, esta investigação proporciona uma valiosa contribuição para o campo da assistência psicológica em situações de crise, ao identificar fato-res e variáveis psicológicas que podem influenciar os comportamentos de socorristas não profissionais e sem experiência prévia, ao resgatar e prestar apoio psicoló-gico a pessoas afetadas por um desastre
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
Abstract The present study was carried out to determine incidence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani servicemen with reference to their area of duty, feeding habits and also to identify risk factors. Accordingly, 2,501 servicemen selected from all over Pakistan using multiple stage stratified sampling protocol. Nutrition assessment performed using body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25. Regression was used to find risk factors of obesity and WHR. Results indicated that about 1/4th of servicemen were smokers. Approximately, 1/5th of them were overweight and about one quarter were eating fruits and vegetables for 3 days/ week and 4 days/week, respectively. Only 1/3rd of them were physically active for at least 40 minutes per day. Age and fruits intake were significantly predicting BMI with a direct relation and vegetable intake was negatively correlated to BMI of the servicemen. Age and rank were significant predictors of WHR while, physical activity was negatively correlated to WHR. It is concluded and suggested from our study that there is a need to modify eating patterns and habits as well as improving physical activity on daily basis for healthy and long life of the servicemen.
Resumo
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um instrumento de avaliação das medidas de Biossegurança adotadas pelos bombeiros militares, para a contenção dos agentes biológicos frente a um evento de bioterrorismo. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, de desenvolvimento metodológico e do tipo de validação de conteúdo de um instrumento de avaliação. O estudo foi dividido nas fases de desenvolvimento e validação do instrumento. Para o desenvolvimento do instrumento foram feitas revisões da literatura e para a validação do instrumento foi utilizado o método Delphi. Para o estudo foram incluídos 6 juízes que avaliaram o instrumento através da escala numérica tipo Likert. Resultados: Os juízes avaliaram que o instrumento proposto está bem estruturado, possuindo boa clareza e coesão de escrita, com aplicabilidade no campo de estudo e de grande relevância, principalmente em vista a ausência desse tipo de instrumento para a população de bombeiros militares. Para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes foi utilizado o índice de Validade de Conteúdo, que alcançou 98% de concordância e o Índice de Fidedignidade Interavaliadores, que alcançou os conceitos bom e muito bom, mostrando baixa variância das respostas dos juízes, sendo estatisticamente válido. Conclusão: O estudo descreveu o processo de construção e validação do instrumento, provando ser apropriado e confiável para ser utilizado.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to assess the Biosafety measures adopted by firefighters, for the containment of biological agents in the face of a bioterrorism event. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, methodological development, and the type of content validation of an assessment instrument. The study was divided into instrument development and validation phases. For the development of the instrument, literature reviews were conducted and for the instrument validation, the Delphi method was used. For the study, 6 judges were included who evaluated the instrument using the Likert-type numerical scale. Results: The judges evaluated that the proposed instrument is well structured, with good clarity and cohesion of writing, with applicability in the field of study and of great relevance, especially considering the absence of this type of instrument for the military firefighter population. To evaluate the agreement between the judges, we used the Content Validity Index which reached 98% of agreement and the Interrate agreement, which reached the concepts good and very good, showing low variance of the judges' answers, being statistically valid. Conclusion: The study described the process of construction and validation of the instrument, proving to be appropriate and reliable to be used.
Objetivo: Este estudio tenía como objetivo desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar las medidas de bioseguridad adoptadas por los bomberos militares para contener los agentes biológicos durante un evento de bioterrorismo. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo, de desarrollo metodológico y del tipo de validación de contenido de un instrumento de evaluación. El estudio se dividió en las fases de desarrollo y validación del instrumento. Para la elaboración del instrumento se realizaron revisiones bibliográficas y para la validación del mismo se utilizó el método Delphi. Para el estudio se incluyeron 6 jueces que evaluaron el instrumento mediante una escala numérica tipo Likert. Resultados: Los jueces evaluaron que el instrumento propuesto está bien estructurado, poseyendo buena claridad y cohesión de redacción, con aplicabilidad en el campo de estudio y de gran relevancia, especialmente en vista de la ausencia de este tipo de instrumento para la población de bomberos militares. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces, alcanzando un 98% de acuerdo y el Índice de Fiabilidad Inter-registrador, que alcanzó conceptos buenos y muy buenos, mostrando una baja varianza en las respuestas de los jueces, siendo estadísticamente válido. Conclusión: El estudio describió el proceso de construcción y validación del instrumento, demostrando ser apropiado y confiable para ser utilizado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Containment of Biohazards/methods , Firefighters/education , Bioterrorism/prevention & control , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Validation Studies as Topic , Biological Factors , Delphi Technique , Military Personnel/educationABSTRACT
Introducción:La agilidad-velocidad es una de las cualidades más importantes para el militar. El test empleado para su evaluación en las Fuerzas Armadas (FFAA) se desarrolla habitualmente en asfalto. El tipo de superficie es un elemento que puede influir en la marca y en la posibilidad de sufrir una lesión. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo afecta la superficie y su estado al resultado de la prueba.Material y método:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con control de un grupo, formado por 30 alumnos de la Escuela Central de Educación Física.Durante 2 días, separados 48 horas, realizaron la prueba de agilidad-velocidad tres veces en cinco superficies distintas (asfalto, hormigón, sintético, hierba y tierra) en seco un día y en mojado el otro. La pausa entre cada recorrido era de 9' y entre cada superficie de 12'. Tres cronometradores experimentados registraron el mejor tiempo empleado en cada superficie.Resultados:Respecto al asfalto, las marcas empeoraban en todas las superficies, de forma significativa (p<0,01) en hierba (+3,6%), asfalto mojado (+5,64%), hormigón pulido (+11,03%) y tierra (+21,1%), con tamaños del efecto moderado a grande (0,44< r < 0,85).Respecto al asfalto mojado, los tiempos también empeoraban, significativamente (p<0,01, 0,36< r < 0,86) en hormigón pulido seco (+5,1%), tierra mojado (+6,32%), hierba mojado (+8,84%) y hormigón pulido mojado (+30,1%).No se registró ninguna lesión.Conclusiones:Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, en cualquier condición climatológica, el asfalto es la superficie en la que mejor marca se obtiene en el test de agilidad-velocidad de las FFAA, aunque en mojado la pérdida de rendimiento es significativa. (AU)
Introduction:Agility is one of the most important qualities for the military members. The test performed for its evaluation in the Armed Forces is usually carried out on asphalt. The type of surface is an element that can influence the record and the possibility of injury. The objective of this study is to analyze how the surface and its condition affect the test result.Material and method:A descriptive study was carried out with control of a group, made up of 30 students from the Central School of Physical Education.During 2 days, 48 hours apart, they performed the agility-speed test three times on five different surfaces (asphalt, concrete, synthetic, grass and soil) in dry one day and in wet the other. The pause between each set was 9' and between each surface 12'. Three experienced timekeepers recorded the best time spent on each surface.Results:Regarding asphalt, times registered worsened on all surfaces, significantly (p <0.01) on grass (+ 3.6%), wet asphalt (+ 5.64%), polished concrete (+11, 03%) and soil (+ 21.1%), with moderate to large effect sizes (0.44 Subject(s)
Humans
, Physical Education and Training
, 51708
, Spain
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de um programa de prevenção de lesão sobre a função muscular do quadril, a amplitude de movimento (ADM) de dorsiflexão do tornozelo e o controle postural em militares. Metodologia: foram incluídos no estudo nove militares (30,56±8,33 anos), que foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: a) Avaliação funcional do quadril através dos testes funcionais para o músculo glúteo máximo e glúteo médio; b) Avaliação da ADM de dorsiflexão do tornozelo, por meio do teste de Lunge realizado com uma fita métrica; c) Avaliação do equilíbrio, por meio da Posturografia Dinâmica Computadorizada (sistema EquiTest® NeuroCom), incluindo os testes de organização sensorial (TOS), que é dividido em seis condições e o índice geral do equilíbrio (composite). Os militares foram submetidos a um programa de prevenção de lesão durante 10 semanas, aplicado 2 vezes semanais com duração de aproximadamente 50 minutos. O programa foi constituído de exercícios em 4 categorias, incluindo aquecimento / corrida, fortalecimento muscular, equilíbrio e alongamento. Resultados: houve melhorias significativas sobre a função muscular de glúteo médio não-dominante (p=0,01), a ADM de dorsiflexão do tornozelo dominante (p=0,02) e sobre o controle postural, através do aumento da condição V dos TOS (p=0,04), valor de composite (p=0,02) e do sistema vestibular (p=0,03). Conclusão: O programa de exercícios proposto melhorou os parâmetros de função muscular glútea, mobilidade de tornozelo e controle postural em militares.
Objective: to analyze the effects of an injury prevention program on hip muscle function, range of motion (ADM) of ankle dorsiflexion and postural control in the military. Methodology: nine military personnel (30.56 ± 8.33 years) were included in the study, who were evaluated before and after intervention through the following instruments: a) Functional assessment of the hip through functional tests for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles; b) Evaluation of the ADM of ankle dorsiflexion by means of the Lunge test performed with a tape measure; c) Evaluation of balance through Computational Dynamic Posturography (EquiTest® NeuroCom system), including sensory organization tests (TOS), which is divided into six conditions and the general equilibrium index (composite). The military underwent an injury prevention program for 10 weeks, applied twice weekly with a duration of approximately 50 minutes. The program consisted of exercises in 4 categories, including warm up / running, muscle strengthening, balance and stretching. Results: there were significant improvements in non-dominant gluteus medial muscle function (p = 0.01), dominant ankle dorsiflexion ROM (p = 0.02) and postural control, through an increase in the TOS V condition (p = 0.04), composite value (p = 0.02) and vestibular system (p = 0.03). Conclusion: a exercises program improved of gluteal muscle function, ankle mobility and postural control in the military.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Buttocks , Exercise , Postural Balance , Muscle Strength , Hip , Ankle , Military Personnel , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN Anualmente, se abren convocatorias para jóvenes aspirantes a las diferentes escuelas de formación militar; para ello, existen ciertos requisitos para la selección del personal más cualificado para el acceso a estas instituciones. Entre ellos, diversas exigencias relacionadas con la condición física. Se plantea como objetivo de la investigación determinar los niveles y diferencias de la condición física entre dos grupos independientes de aspirantes a pruebas de ingreso de una escuela militar ecuatoriana. El estudio es descriptivo-correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en una población de (N=40) jóvenes aspirantes a una Escuela Educativa Militar con una similitud de condiciones. Estos se clasifican en dos grupos independientes con 20 integrantes cada una (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colegio Nacional Conocoto). La condición física fue evaluada mediante tres pruebas del Ejercito Nacional del Ecuador. En función de correlacionar datos, se utilizó la prueba paramétrica t de Student para muestras independientes (p≤0.05) en los test de flexión y extensión de codo y cadera y el test de resistencia en 3219 m. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos evaluados en cada test (p=0.000), los cuales fueron mejores las medias en el grupo de aspirantes LN frente al grupo CNC. Específicamente, el Liceo Naval presentó mejores indicadores de capacidad física y, en sentido general, se identificó una carencia de condición física por parte de los aspirantes de las dos escuelas independientes, caracterizados por bajos niveles de actividad física. Este aspecto que repercute negativamente en los resultados de las pruebas de ingreso a academias militares ecuatorianas.
RESUMO A cada ano, há convites para inscrições de jovens candidatos às diversas escolas de treinamento militar, e há certos requisitos para a seleção do pessoal mais qualificado para o acesso a essas instituições. Estes incluem vários requisitos relacionados à condição física. O objetivo da pesquisa é determinar os níveis e diferenças nas condições físicas entre dois grupos independentes de candidatos a exames de admissão a uma escola militar equatoriana. O estudo é descritivo-correlacional com uma abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma população de (N=40) jovens candidatos a uma Escola de Educação Militar com condições similares. Estes foram classificados em dois grupos independentes com 20 membros cada (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colégio Nacional Conocoto). A aptidão física foi avaliada por meio de três testes do Exército Nacional do Equador. A fim de correlacionar os dados, o teste t de Student paramétrico para amostras independentes (p≤0.05) foi usado para os testes de flexão e extensão de cotovelo e quadril e o teste de resistência a 3219m. Houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos avaliados em cada teste (p=0,000), com o grupo candidato LN tendo melhores meios do que o grupo CNC. Especificamente, o Liceo Naval tinha melhores indicadores de capacidade física e, em um sentido geral, foi identificada uma falta de aptidão física nos candidatos das duas escolas independentes, caracterizada por baixos níveis de atividade física. Este aspecto tem um impacto negativo sobre os resultados dos exames de ingresso nas academias militares equatorianas.
ABSTRACT Annually, calls are opened for young applicants to the different military training schools; for this, there are certain requirements for the selection of the most qualified personnel for access to these institutions. Among them, various demands related to physical fitness. The objective of the research is to determine the levels and differences in physical fitness between two independent groups of applicants for entrance tests at an Ecuadorian military school. The study is descriptive-correlational with a quantitative approach, carried out in a population of (N=40) young people aspiring to a Military Educational School with similar fitness. These are classified into two independent groups with 20 members each (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colegio Nacional Conocoto). The physical fitness was evaluated through three tests of the National Army of Ecuador. In order to correlate data, the parametric Student's t test was used for independent samples (p≤0.05) in the elbow and hip flexion and extension tests and the 3219 m endurance test. There were significant differences between the two groups evaluated in each test (p=0.000), which were better means in the group of LN applicants compared to the CNC group. Specifically, the Liceo Naval presented better indicators of physical fitness and, in general, a lack of physical fitness was identified by the applicants of the two independent schools, characterized by low levels of physical activity. This aspect has a negative impact on the results of the admission tests to Ecuadorian military academies.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o tema da identidade profissional da enfermagem militar contido nas produções científicas mundiais. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de publicações compreendidas entre 2010 e 2021 nas bases indexadoras Medical Literature and Retrivial System on Line, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase e Scopus. Aplicou-se a estratégia PICo para estabelecer a questão de pesquisa "Como a Enfermagem Militar vem sendo retratada nos artigos nacionais e internacionais publicados?" e o gerenciador de referências Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) para a seleção das publicações, o que resultou em quatro artigos submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Resultados: a enfermagem militar teve sua identidade profissional retratada pelos temas: competências na enfermagem militar, papéis das enfermeiras militares e relações de gênero. Conclusão: a identidade profissional da enfermagem militar ainda é pouco discutida na literatura, porém verifica-se um movimento para apontar o empoderamento dessas enfermeiras assim como a forte subordinação ao regime militar e ao profissional médico. Militares do gênero feminino sofrem de modo mais contundente, considerando que são minoria, sem possibilidades de ascender na carreira militar como aqueles do gênero masculino, e também devido ao tipo de organização da qual fazem parte.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el tema de la identidad profesional de la enfermería militar contenido en las producciones científicas mundiales. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura de publicaciones comprendidas entre 2010 y 2021 en las bases indexadoras Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase y Scopus. Se aplicó la estrategia PICO para establecer la cuestión de investigación "¿Cómo la Enfermería Militar viene siendo retratada en los artículos nacionales e internacionales publicados?" y el gestor de referencias Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) para la selección de las publicaciones, lo que resultó en cuatro artículos sometidos al análisis de contenido, según Bardin. Resultados: la enfermería militar tuvo su identidad profesional retratada por los temas: competencias en enfermería militar, roles de las enfermeras militares y relaciones de género. Conclusión: la identidad profesional de la enfermería militar aún es poco discutida en la literatura, pero se verifica un movimiento para señalar el empoderamiento de estas enfermeras, así como la fuerte subordinación al régimen militar y al profesional médico. Militares del género femenino sufren de manera más contundente, considerando que son minoría, sin posibilidades de ascender en la carrera militar como aquellos del género masculino, y también debido al tipo de organización que forman parte.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the professional identity of military nursing comprised of worldwide scientific literature. Method: an integrative literature review of publications from 2010 to 2021 in the Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus indexing databases. The PICo strategy was applied to establish the research question "How has Military Nursing been described in published national and international articles?" and the reference manager Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) for the selection of publications, which resulted in four articles submitted to content analysis, according to Bardin. Results: military nursing had its professional identity described by the themes: skills in military nursing, roles of military nurses, and gender relations. Conclusion: the professional identity of military nursing is still little discussed in the literature, but there is an effort to point out the empowerment of these nurses, as well as the strong subordination to the military rule and the medical professional. Female soldiers are under greater struggle, considering that they are a minority, with no possibilities to upgrade in the military career like those of the male gender, and due to the type of organization to which they belong.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Identification , Nursing , Military Nursing , EmpowermentABSTRACT
A Ditadura Militar do Brasil foi instaurada em 1964 e se prolongou até 1985. É considerada um período de repressão, violação de direitos, torturas, mortes e desaparecimentos, deixando um rastro inacabado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o processo de luto de familiares que têm seus parentes desaparecidos desde a Ditadura civil-militar. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como um estudo de campo transversal com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados sete participantes que tiveram seus familiares desaparecidos no período da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram um questionário sociodemográfico e um roteiro de entrevista semidirigida. Entre os resultados obtidos na pesquisa, pode-se observar que o processo do luto carece de um desfecho, visto que a falta da ritualização e a ausência do corpo inviabilizam sua elaboração. Também foi observado que o sofrimento dos familiares é realçado por práticas discursivas recorrentes que negam a existência e as truculências da ditadura civil-militar brasileira.
Brazilian military dictatorship was installed in 1964 and lasted until 1985. It was a period of repression, violation of rights, torture, death, and disappearances, its signals still present. The objective of this research was analyzing the bereavement process of people who lost their relatives in the military-civilian Dictatorship and still are unaware of their whereabouts. This work is characterized as a cross-sectional, qualitative field study. Seven participants whose relatives were made to disappear during the Brazilian military-civilian dictatorship were interviewed. The research instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script. Among results obtained in the research, it was found that the bereavement process lacks closure, since the lack of ritualization and the absence of the body do not allow for its elaboration. Family suffering was highlighted by frequent discursive practices that deny the truculence of the Brazilian military-civilian dictatorship.