The clinicopathologic features and response to treatment of patients with Nonhodgkin Lymphoma: A single-center experiment in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare laboratory features, histopathological types, response to treatment of patients with non hodgkin lymphoma in our department and other regions. METHODS: A total of 80 patients nonhodgkin lymphoma were evaluated. Because we had only 80 patients with complete data, we used T test for comparison of groups. We evaluated the parameters affecting surveillance with cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The most common histological types of nonhodgkins lymphoma was diffuse large b cell lymphoma (n: 63, 78.75%). Thirty-nine percent of all patients had anemia, 32% had hypoalbunemia, 71.25% had elevated serum LDH, 32.5% had elevated serum ß2 microglobulin value. Advanced age, the presence of bulky disease, elevated Ki-67 level, IPI score, refractory to first line treatment were found to be correlated with shorter survival time. We treated 77 (96.25%) patients with doxorubicin containing regimen. Complete and partial remission rates of first line treatment were 77.5% and 10%, respectively. Seven (8.75%) patients died because of disease progression and 1 (1.25%) patient died due to sepsis. CONCLUSION: The frequency of lymphoma subtypes, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and survival rate vary from region to region. Therefore it is important to determine dissimilarity of these parameters for improve of survey.

Granulomatosis after autologous stem cell transplantation in nonHodgkin lymphoma - experience of single institution and a review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis before and after treatment of malignancy is an important differential diagnosis that has to be distinguished from lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and aggressive follicular lymphoma are being staged and treatment effect is evaluated with PET-CT. We report three cases of aggressive lymphoma after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation with positive lymph nodes on PET-CT, which were histologically diagnosed as sarcoidosis/granulomatosis. In the literature, we found that false positive lymph nodes were more common after allogeneic than after autologous transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Post-treatment PET-CT positive lymph nodes should always be examined histologically prior to any further treatment decision to avoid unnecessary toxic procedures.

Statistical analysis of relation between plasma methotrexate concentration and toxicity in high-dose methotrexate therapy of childhood nonHodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Plasma monitoring of Methotrexate (MTX) levels is a standard approach to predict MTX-related toxicities in a high-dose (HD) MTX monotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, it is uncertain whether plasma MTX levels can predict MTX-related toxicity in the HDMTX plus additional chemotherapy for childhood B-cell nonHodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). PROCEDURES: To statistically analyze the relationship between MTX pharmacokinetic parameters and MTX-related toxicities, we collected data from patients with delayed MTX elimination (≥1 µM at 48 hr and/or ≥0.5 µM at 72 hr) in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG) BNHL 03 study. Blood MTX levels were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hr after 3 or 5 g/m2 HD-MTX administration for 24 hr. RESULTS: Three hundred and four patients received 2-4 courses of the HDMTX plus additional chemotherapy, and delayed MTX elimination was observed in 165 courses of 127 patients. In those, nephrotoxicity was significantly correlated with plasma MTX levels for each patient (P = 0.03), and also for each course (P = 0.009), but no other toxicities were correlated. Another analysis according to HDMTX courses showed no significant correlation between the first high plasma MTX levels and subsequent MTX levels in later course. It also showed that incidence of liver and gastrointestinal toxicities was most frequent in the first HDMTX course, and then sharply decreased in later courses (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that plasma MTX level is not a reliable predictor for adverse events except for nephrotoxicity in multiple HDMTX therapy courses in childhood B-NHL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:279-284. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cutaneous B-lymphoblastic lymphoma with IL3/IgH translocation presenting with hypereosinophilia and acute endocarditis.

Hypereosinophilia is a rare phenomenon associated with childhood malignancy, predominantly acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Causation is unclear and likely to have multiple mechanisms. We report a six year old boy presenting with hypereosinophilia and associated Loeffler endocarditis. Three months following his initial hypereosinophilia he developed cutaneous B-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Re-analysis of apparently uninvolved bone marrow, taken at initial presentation, revealed a single, previously unidentified, t(5;14)(q31;q32) positive cell. Using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, we demonstrate IL3/IgH@ fusion in cutaneous lymphoma cells. Our case confirms the association of hypereosinophilia and B-lymphoblastic lymphoma and strengthens the association between IL3 hypersecretion and hypereosinophilia.

Unusually aggressive primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially presenting as systemic disseminating metastases in older adult men: a case report.

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) accounts for 1-2% of all nonHodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 4% of extranodal nonHodgkin lymphomas, and ~9% of testicular malignancies. A rare subtype of PTL is primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL), which may initially present as disseminating metastasis in older adult males and has a poor prognosis. Case presentation: Herein, the authors describe the case of a 64-year-old man with the chief complaint of a painless unilateral scrotal mass. Computed tomography scans of the abdomen and a pelvic examination demonstrated a left testicular tumor with multiple lymphadenopathies partially aggregated in the para-aortic area and disseminated to multiple soft tissues and organs. Subsequently, the patient underwent a left radical orchiectomy. Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the diagnosis of left PT-DLBCL with systemic disseminating metastases. Clinical discussion: PTL often aggressively spreads to other extranodal organs, such as the contralateral testis, central nervous system, lung, pleura, Waldeyer's ring, and soft tissues. In men over 60 years of age, PT-DLBCL is the most common testicular malignancy. However, extensive systemic metastasis as the initial presentation is extremely rare. PT-DLBCL has a dismal prognosis and requires radical orchiectomy followed by multimodal therapy and central nervous system prophylaxis or systemic intervention to improve survival. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PT-DLBCL through preoperative and imaging examinations is often challenging. Thus, histopathology and immunohistochemical markers play a crucial and valuable role in the definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PTLs.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirate for diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma of unusual presentation: A case report.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) originated from mature post thymic T cells. They represent 1-3% of NHL. Different subtypes have been described: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL, ALK-positive ALCL and breast implant-associated ALCL. ALK-positive ALCL affects mainly the young and has better prognosis. We present a case report of an adult woman with AKL-positive ALCL, diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirate (EBUS-TBNA). A 59-year-old women with no history of breast implants, was admitted for a four-month low back pain. Initially, the patient was treated for a spondyloarthropathy, but due to persistence of the symptoms, a lumbosacral MRI was performed, showing changes in morphology and signal intensity in the vertebral body of L3, along with edema and a paravertebral collection that affected the left psoas muscle, suggesting granulomatous spondylodiscitis. Chest CT-scan showed mild left pleural effusion, subcarinal and right hiliar adenomegalies. An EBUS-TBNA with ROSE (rapid on-site evaluation) was performed showing positive findings for malignancy, suggestive of hematolymphoid neoplasia. Pathology analysis showed an AKL-positive ALCL. Additionally, a biopsy of paravertebral tissue biopsy was obtained, which was consistent with the nodal sample. Chemotherapy was initiated with the CHOP protocol: cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine sulfate and prednisone. EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive and safe technique for obtaining mediastinal samples. Collaboration with a cytopathologist trained to perform ROSE improves the diagnostic performance.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a rare subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare form of NHL and usually presents in the late stage due to the atypical laboratory findings. Immunohistochemistry of the lymph node in AITL is characterized by positive CD2, CD3, CD4, CD10, CXCL-13, PD1 often BCL-6 and CD20 positive. Meshworks of follicular dendritic cells are seen outside follicles with CD21 and CD23 stains. EBV can be often positive as well. Autologous transplantation should be offered in the first remission as poor outcome is reported with anthracycline-containing regimens.

Radiation-induced spinal cord glioblastoma with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination subsequent to treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced glioma arising in the spinal cord is extremely rare. We report a case of radiation-induced spinal cord glioblastoma with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination 10 years after radiotherapy for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 32-year-old male with a history of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presented with progressive gait disturbance and sensory disturbance below the T4 dermatome 10 years after mediastinal irradiation. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an intramedullary tumor extending from the C6 to the T6 level, corresponding to the previous radiation site, and periventricular enhanced lesions. In this case, the spinal lesion was not directly diagnosed because the patient refused any kind of spinal surgery to avoid worsening of neurological deficits. However, based on a biopsy of an intracranial disseminated lesion and repeated immmunocytochemical examination of CSF cytology, we diagnosed the spinal tumor as a radiation-induced glioblastoma. The patient was treated with radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. Then, the spinal tumor was markedly reduced in size, and the dissemination disappeared. CONCLUSION: We describe our detailed diagnostic process and emphasize the diagnostic importance of immunocytochemical analysis of CSF cytology.

Linfoma tiroideo en paciente con tiroiditis de Hashimoto / Thyroid lymphoma in patient with Hashimoto´s thyroiditis

INTRODUCCIÓN: El linfoma tiroideo (LT) es una neoplasia infrecuente(menos del 1 por ciento de linfomas y menos del 2 por ciento de neoplasias tiroideas). Su incidencia es mayoritaria en mujeres, entre 60 y 75 años. La tiroiditis de Hashimoto es un importante factor de riesgo. El objetivo es destacar la importancia del estudio precoz del bocio rápidamente progresivo. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Hombre de 63 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo crónico activo e hipotiroidismo por tiroiditis de Hashimoto sin tratamiento, consultó por aumento de volumen cervical anterior progresivo, asociado a disfonía, disfagia y disnea, de tres meses de evolución. Ecografía cervical evidenció bocio multinodular difuso de predominio izquierdo. Se decidió intentar tiroidectomía total, constatándose gran tumor duro, extendido a nivel infraparatiroideo, con adherencia marcada a laringe, tráquea, vasos y tejido muscular, que no se pudo extirpar completamente. Biopsia compatible con Linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B, tipo centro germinal. Se decidió traslado a centro de referencia para manejo por especialista. DISCUSIÓN: El LT se presenta clínicamente de forma similar a otras neoplasias tiroideas con bocio rápidamente progresivo y sintomatología compresiva. Es importante considerar su asociación con tiroiditis de Hashimoto, pese a que es improbable que ésta evolucione a linfoma (0,1 por ciento), se encuentra en la mayoría de los casos de LT (80 a 90 por ciento); ambas patologías son infrecuentes en hombres.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid lymphoma (LT) is a rare neoplasm; it represents less than 1 percent of lymphomas and less than 2 percent of thyroid neoplasms. It occurs mainly in women between 60 and 75 years. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important risk factor. The aim is to illustrate the importance of early study of rapidly enlarging goiter. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old male with a history of arterial hypertension, chronic active smoking and untreated hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, consulted by progressive cervical volume increase, associated with dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea, with three months of duration. Cervical ultrasound showed diffuse multinodular goiter with left predominance. It was decided to try a total thyroidectomy, which confirmed a large and indurated tumor, spread to infra-parathyroid level, with strong adherence to larynx, trachea, blood vessels and muscle tissue, which could not be completely removed. Biopsy was compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, germinal center type. It was decided to transfer the patient to a referral center for handling by a specialist. DISCUSSION: Thyroid Lymphoma presents clinical similarities to other thyroid malignancies with rapidly enlarging goiter and compression symptoms such as dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, dysphonia, headache, facial and upper extremities edema; in case of suspicion a biopsy is required. The association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is very important, although it is unlikely to evolve lymphoma (0.1 percent), is present in most cases of LT (80 to 90 percent). Both conditions are rare in men. Surgical treatment is usually associated with chemotherapy with or without local radiotherapy.