Bacterial abscesses in whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) in managed care.

Sixteen whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) with histologically similar bacterial abscesses were submitted to Northwest ZooPath from nine zoo and aquarium institutions over a 17-year period. These abscesses were characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and necrosis with intralesional small, Gram-positive, acid-fast negative, cocci bacteria. The clinical presentation, histologic findings, and culture results indicate that Enterococcus faecalis is a relatively common cause of these lesions in whitespotted bamboo sharks. This organism also provides a treatment challenge due to its inherent antibiotic-resistant properties and ability to form biofilms, confounding the host's immune response. Enterococcus faecalis represents an important cause for abscess formation and cellulitis in captive whitespotted bamboo sharks.

Computed tomographic diagnosis of a common bile duct abscess and secondary extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction in a potbelly pig.

A potbelly pig was evaluated for anorexia and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities suggested an active inflammatory hepatobiliary process. Ultrasound and CT of the abdomen revealed an extrahepatic biliary obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD). Surgical exploration and choledochotomy revealed a markedly dilated CBD containing a large volume of intraluminal inspissated biliary material. This case report describes the imaging findings of an extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to abscessation within the CBD in a pig.

Retrospective characterisation and outcome of surgical treatment for cervical lymph node abscessation in 15 dogs.

CASE HISTORIES: Medical records of a private referral hospital (Veterinary Emergency Clinic, Toronto, Canada) and a university teaching hospital (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA) were reviewed, using the search terms lymphadenectomy, lymph node extirpation, cervical lymphadenitis, and lymph node abscessation. Dogs (n = 15) with a diagnosis of cervical lymph node abscessations confirmed through histopathology that underwent surgery for treatment from January 2015-May 2022 were included in the study. Long-term follow-up data was obtained by an in-person visit or telephone interview with each owner. Dogs that met the inclusion criteria were of various breeds with a median age of 6 (min 0.5, max 12) years. All cases presented with cervical swelling and lethargy, with inappetence and fever in 5/15 dogs. The range of duration of clinical signs prior to treatment was 1-3 weeks. Seven dogs were treated with a short course of antibiotics, with or without prednisone, without successful resolution, before referral. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Diagnostic imaging using CT or cervical ultrasound revealed enlargement of unilateral mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes with regional cellulitis and oedema in four dogs, enlargement of unilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes with regional cellulitis in eight dogs, and a right ventral cervical abscess infiltrating the right medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes with oedema in one dog. Unilateral or bilateral cervical lymph node abscessation was diagnosed by lymphadenectomy and histopathology of affected lymph nodes. Bacterial cultures from samples of excised lymph nodes were positive in six cases. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Cervical exploration and lymphadenectomy were performed in all cases. Thirteen dogs received antibiotics along with surgical treatment. Resolution was defined as absence of cervical swelling or enlarged lymph node(s) at the time of long-term follow-up (median 300 (min 240, max 1,072) days). Most patients had resolution of clinical signs following surgical excision of affected lymph nodes. Two dogs had complications including recurrence of clinical signs and development of open wounds following surgery. Their clinical signs resolved following additional administration of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: All dogs in this series had lymphadenectomy of abscessed lymph nodes and showed resolution of clinical signs with a favourable outcome. As 13/15 dogs also received antibiotics in conjunction with surgical treatment, appropriate use of antimicrobials may also play a role in treatment of this disease process.

Computed tomography of suppurative and neoplastic diseases involving the canine omenta and omental bursa.

The greater and lesser omenta are fused peritoneal folds that largely delimit the omental bursa (lesser peritoneal cavity). The omental bursa is a potential space within the abdominal cavity that communicates with the greater peritoneal cavity via the omental (epiploic) foramen: it is subdivided into the omental vestibule, caudal omental recess, and splenic recess. Aims of this retrospective case series study were to describe the frequencies of CT findings of dogs with confirmed inflammatory or neoplastic disease of the omenta, omental bursa, or both. The sample included seven adult, medium-to-large breed dogs. All had fluid in the greater peritoneal cavity and 5/7 (71%) dogs also had fluid in the omental bursa. Primary suppurative inflammatory disease was present in three dogs, each dog had a large abscess with central gas in either the omental vestibule (two dogs) or caudal omental recess (one dog). Both abscesses in the omental vestibule arose from the papillary process of the caudate liver lobe and were surgically removed without complication. Neoplasia was present in four dogs and either arose from omentum (hemangiosarcoma, carcinoma) or infiltrated the omentum from an adjacent organ (splenic leiomyosarcoma, gastric adenocarcinoma). Neoplasms created mass-like tumors, infiltrative tumors, or both and had variable distribution (focal, multifocal, or locally extensive). All dogs with neoplasia were euthanized. CT signs of inflammatory and neoplastic disease overlapped, but the presence of gas might prioritize abscessation. CT signs helped decide feasibility of surgery based on extent of local invasion, especially involvement of structures passing through the porta hepatis.

Ultrasonographic findings may be useful for differentiating interdigital abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns and interdigital furunculosis in dogs.

Grass awn migration and furunculosis are common diseases in dogs that can lead to interdigital subcutaneous lesions with a similar clinical presentation, and occasionally similar ultrasonographic images, but different treatments are required. This retrospective, multicentric, analytical study aimed to determine whether epidemiological, clinical, and ultrasonographic features could be used to differentiate interdigital furunculosis and abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns. Fifty-nine dogs that underwent interdigital ultrasonography were included (interdigital furunculosis [IDF], n = 27; interdigital abscess secondary to a migrating grass awn [IAGA], n = 32). Ultrasonographic images were reviewed by two observers blinded to the diagnosis, who graded nine qualitative and four quantitative parameters for each patient. In both groups, pruritus/licking (IDF 74%, IAGA 70%), a discharging interdigital wound (63% for each group), and thoracic limb involvement (IDF 88%, IAGA 75%) were common features. On ultrasound, a subcutaneous multilinear hyperechoic main element was identified in most dogs (IDF 85%, IAGA 100%). The ability to display this element in a single plane (P < 0.01), the absence of additional hyperechoic linear elements in different planes (P < 0.01), and a surrounding hypoechoic halo (P < 0.05) were significantly more common in dogs with interdigital abscesses secondary to migrating grass awns. A cut-off value of 0.83 cm for the length of the main multilinear element provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 87% in the diagnosis of a migrating grass awn. Findings supported prioritizing a differential diagnosis of interdigital abscesses secondary to grass awns in dogs with these ultrasonographic characteristics.

CT diagnosis of pituitary abscess, suppurative meningitis, and atlanto-occipital septic arthritis in a pony.

A 15-year-old pony was presented for acute neurological signs. Neurological examination suggested a brainstem lesion, blood laboratory tests detected an active inflammatory process, and upper respiratory endoscopy identified a suppurative lesion at the dorsal aspect of the right guttural pouch. Computed tomography was performed and findings were consistent with pituitary abscess, meningitis, and atlanto-occipital joint septic arthritis. Imaging findings were confirmed based on cerebrospinal and synovial fluid cultures and necropsy. Computed tomography provided important information for identifying the cause of the patient's neurological signs and helped the owner make a final decision for euthanasia.

Thyroid carcinosarcoma masquerading as a paraesophageal abscess in a Cane Corso dog.

A 12-year-old castrated male Cane Corso dog was presented with cervical swelling, lethargy, anorexia, and cough. An extensive neck mass with necrotic cysts was observed, severely adherent to surrounding tissues. Based on diagnostic imaging including ultrasound, computed tomography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology, paraesophageal abscess was tentatively diagnosed. However, after the mass was surgically removed, a diagnosis of thyroid carcinosarcoma composed of neoplastic cell populations with epithelial and mesenchymal origins was made via histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The dog died of a recurrent mass with pulmonary metastasis 105 d after surgery. This report describes a rare type of canine thyroid cancer, thyroid carcinosarcoma, preoperatively masquerading as an abscess and postoperatively confirmed by histopathology. Key clinical message: Thyroid carcinosarcoma, despite its rarity in dogs, should be included in the differential diagnoses of cervical mass especially with an aggressive progression.

Carcinosarcome thyroïdien déguisé en abcès paraoesophagien chez un chien Cane Corso. Un chien Cane Corso mâle castré de 12 ans a été présenté avec de l'enflure cervicale, de la léthargie, de l'anorexie et une toux. Une masse étendue du cou avec des kystes nécrotiques a été observée, adhérente fortement aux tissus environnants. Sur la base de l'imagerie diagnostique comprenant l'échographie, la tomodensitométrie et la cytologie par aspiration à l'aiguille fine, un abcès paraoesophagien a été provisoirement diagnostiqué. Cependant, après l'ablation chirurgicale de la masse, un diagnostic de carcinosarcome thyroïdien composé de populations de cellules néoplasiques d'origine épithéliale et mésenchymateuse a été posé par histopathologie et immunohistochimie. Le chien est décédé d'une masse récurrente avec métastase pulmonaire 105 jours après la chirurgie. Ce rapport décrit un type rare de cancer de la thyroïde canine, le carcinosarcome thyroïdien, se faisant passer pour un abcès en préopératoire et confirmé en postopératoire par histopathologie.Message clinique clé:Le carcinosarcome thyroïdien, malgré sa rareté chez le chien, doit être inclus dans les diagnostics différentiels de masse cervicale surtout à évolution agressive.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Septic peritonitis secondary to intra-peritoneal grass awn migration: 7 cases (2014-2021).

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of cases treated for septic peritonitis secondary to intra-peritoneal grass awn migration. Animals: Six client-owned dogs and 1 client-owned cat. Procedures: Clinical data of dogs and cats treated surgically for septic peritonitis secondary to an intra-peritoneal grass awn identified during surgery between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data included signalment, clinical presentation, blood test results, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedure, postoperative complications, and outcome. Telephone interviews were conducted for long-term follow-up. Results: Six dogs and 1 cat met the inclusion criteria. The most common reported clinical signs were lethargy (n = 7), anorexia/dysorexia (n = 4), and pyrexia (n = 4). The vegetal foreign body was not identified in any case with ultrasound (0/5) and only suspected for one case with a computed tomography scanner (1/4). A grass awn was identified within an omental abscess for each case during surgery. Abscess resection for each case resulted in partial pancreatectomy and a splenectomy for 1 case, and partial gastrectomy for another case. All cases survived to discharge. Only one minor post-operative complication was identified, and no other complication was reported at the long-term telephone interview. Conclusion and clinical significance: Septic peritonitis secondary to omental grass awn foreign body is an uncommon condition that has a good to excellent prognosis after surgical treatment. Identification of omental grass awn with ultrasound and computed tomography is rare. Therefore, particular care should be given to omental exploration during surgery for septic peritonitis with no underlying cause identified.

Péritonite septique secondaires à la migration de barbes de graminées : 7 cas (2014-2021). Objectifs: Décrire la présentation clinique, la prise en charge et pronostic des chiens et chats traité pour une péritonite septique secondaire à la migration intrapéritonéale d'un corps étranger végétal. Animaux: Six chiens et un chat traités. Protocole: Les informations des dossiers des chiens et chats pris en charge chirurgicalement pour une péritonite septique pour lesquelles un corps étranger végétal intrapéritonéal a été identifié entre janvier 2014 et décembre 2021 ont été obtenues. Les données concernant le signalement, la présentation clinique, les analyses sanguines, les examens d'imagerie, les procédures chirurgicales, les complications post-opératoires et l'évolution post-opératoire ont été collectées. Le suivi à long terme a été réalisé par téléphone. Résultats: Six chiens et un chat ont été inclus dans l'étude. Les signes cliniques les plus fréquents rapportés sont l'apathie (n = 7), l'anorexie/dysorexie (n = 4) et l'hyperthermie (n = 4). Les corps étrangers végétaux n'ont été identifiés dans aucun cas par échographie (0/5) et suspectés dans un cas à l'examen tomodensitométrique (1/4). Les corps étrangers ont tous été identifiés au sein d'un abcès dans l'omentum en chirurgie. Une résection de l'abcès a été réalisée dans chaque cas associé à une pancréatectomie partielle et une splénectomie pour un cas et une gastrectomie partielle pour un autre cas. Tous les animaux ont survécu. Seule une complication mineure a été rapportée en post-opératoire et aucune autre complication n'a été rapportée lors des entretiens téléphoniques. Conclusion et portée clinique: Les péritonites septiques secondaires à des migrations intra-péritonéale de corps étrangers végétaux sont des affections rares qui semblent être associées à un pronostic de survie bon à excellent après prise en charge chirurgicale. L'identification des corps étrangers dans l'omentum est difficile par échographie ou examen tomodensitométrique. Par conséquent, une attention particulière doit être portée à l'exploration de l'omentum lors de prise en charge chirurgicale de péritonite septique sans cause sous-jacente identifiée.(Traduit par les auteurs).

Rectal prolapse secondary to a urachal abscess in an alpaca cria.

A five-month-old alpaca cria presented with a history of abdominal pain, dysuria, and a recurring rectal prolapse. An ultrasonographic examination indicated a urachal abscess attached to the urinary bladder. The abscess was removed surgically, and the patient had an adequate recovery after the procedure and ancillary treatment. This case report highlights secondary complications that could arise following an infection of the urachus in new-world camelids. Key clinical message: Urachal abscess should be considered as a differential diagnosis in juvenile new-world camelids with rectal prolapse, tenesmus, or dysuria.

Prolapsus rectal secondaire à un abcès de l'ouraque chez un cria d'alpaga. Un cria d'alpaga âgé de cinq mois est présenté avec des antécédents de douleurs abdominales, de dysurie et de prolapsus rectal récurrent. Un examen échographique a révélé un abcès de l'ouraque attaché à la vessie. L'abcès a été enlevé chirurgicalement, et le patient a eu une récupération adéquate après la procédure et le traitement auxiliaire. Ce rapport de cas met en évidence les complications secondaires qui pourraient survenir à la suite d'une infection de l'ouraque chez les camélidés du nouveau monde.Message clinique clé :L'abcès de l'ouraque doit être considéré comme un diagnostic différentiel chez les camélidés juvéniles du nouveau monde présentant un prolapsus rectal, un ténesme ou une dysurie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from skin abscesses of native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae).

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from skin abscesses of Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 83 isolates were recovered from skin abscesses of KNBG. Of these isolates, 74 isolates were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by phospholipase D (PLD) gene-based PCR assay. Each of the isolates possessed all 18 virulence genes (FagA, FagB, FagC, FagD, SigE, SpaC, SodC, PknG, NanH, OppA, OppB, OppC, OppD, OppF, CopC, NrdH and CpaE). The genetic diversity of C. pseudotuberculosis isolates was assessed by the phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated sequences (3073 bp) of five housekeeping genes (fusA, dnaK, infB, groeL1 and leuA) for investigating their genetic diversity. In the results, the isolates belonged to three groups: group 1 (67 isolates), group 2 (one isolate) and group 3 (six isolates) within biovar ovis. However, the groups exhibited low genetic diversity (0.20%-0.41%). In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, most isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, cefoxitin, ampicillin, gentamycin, cephalothin and doxycycline, whereas they were not susceptible to cefotaxime, trimethoprim and streptomycin. CONCLUSION: This results suggest the involvement of relatively few clones of C. pseudotuberculosis in Korea. Further, present isolates can threaten public health due to potentially virulent strains with all 18 virulence genes and non-susceptible strains to clinically important antibiotics (CIA) and highly important antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study is the first to investigate the genetic diversity and potential pathogenicity of C. pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis isolates from skin abscesses of KBNG in South Korea, and could provide useful information in controlling its infections.

Evaluation of equine corneal disease using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to evaluate equine corneal disease. METHODS: Images were obtained using a 50-MHz probe ultrasound biomicroscopy system (Quantel Aviso) and Clear Scan® probe cover. Six horses with corneal disease were evaluated via UBM for lesion size, lesion depth, and continuity of Descemet's membrane. Horses were sedated and received auriculopalpebral nerve blocks and application of topical anesthetic prior to UBM. RESULTS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was easily performed in all cases. UBM evaluation of three cases of corneo-limbal squamous cell carcinoma yielded information regarding lesion depth for planning of keratectomies using fixed-depth keratomes and subsequent ß-radiation therapy. Corneal depth and continuity of Descemet's membrane were determined in two horses with stromal abscesses and allowed for planning of therapeutic options. In one horse with a corneal foreign body, UBM contributed to accurate assessment of the foreign body's stromal depth, which could not be assessed during ophthalmic examination due to extensive corneal cellular infiltrate. The information regarding corneal depth allowed for more accurate pre-surgical planning in patients with opaque corneal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was easily performed and provided useful information regarding lesion depth and continuity of Descemet's membrane for patients with corneo-limbal squamous cell carcinoma, stromal abscesses, and a corneal foreign body, allowing for increased precision in pre-surgical planning and development of therapeutic protocols.

Left pancreaticoduodenostomy after removal of the right lobe and the head of the pancreas in a cat.

OBJECTIVE: To report a surgical technique for pancreaticoduodenostomy and its outcomes in a cat. ANIMALS: A 14-year-old domestic cat. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A cat was referred to our hospital with a large abdominal mass. On ultrasonographic examination, this mass was identified as a large fluid-filled cavity in place of the right pancreatic duct and involved the pancreatic and accessory pancreatic ducts. A small echoic cavity was observed in the left pancreatic lobe. Serous fluid was collected from the large cavity. On cytology, the small cavity was consistent with an abscess. A partial left pancreatectomy was performed to remove the abscess. The large cavity was excised with the remnant of the right pancreatic lobe and body. After ligation of the pancreatic ducts, the left pancreatic duct was isolated and an end-to-side pancreaticoduodenostomy was performed. RESULTS: The cat recovered without complications. Histological examination was consistent with chronic pancreatitis and peripheral inflammation. No evidence of postoperative pancreatic insufficiency was detected on clinical examination or laboratory findings. A focal ampulla-like dilation of the pancreatic duct was noted on ultrasonography, with no other complications at the anastomosis. The cat presented 225 days postoperatively with respiratory distress. Multiple nodules were identified throughout the lung parenchyma on radiographs. Abnormalities on ultrasonographic examination included an enlarged liver infiltrated with nodules. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized. Final histopathological diagnosis was diffuse carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Pancreaticoduodenostomy restored pancreaticointestinal continuity after extensive pancreatectomy involving the pancreatic ducts and resulted in long-term survival in the cat reported here.

Excretory urographic, ultrasonographic, and cystoscopic characteristics of urinary bladder abscesses in a dog.

A 7-year-old male neutered, 6.5 kg, Maltese breed dog was referred with a history of dysuria after undergoing two cystotomies to remove calcium oxalate uroliths. Survey radiographs were inconclusive. Excretory urography allowed visualization of two filling defects in the cranioventral urinary bladder region. Ultrasonography showed urinary bladder sediments, a diffusely thickened wall, and two circumscribed intramural/intraluminal structures with an anechoic interior and a smooth and regular surface. The cystoscopic diagnosis was urinary bladder abscesses and urine cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory therapy was started with good clinical outcomes and negative culture after 21 days.

CT can identify characteristic features of hypaxial muscle abscesses in dogs due to presumed migrating vegetal foreign material as well as additional changes along the migratory tract in other anatomic regions.

Hypaxial muscle abscess is an important differential in dogs presenting for abdominal or back pain, lameness, and nonspecific signs like fever, lethargy, and hyporexia. It can occur concurrently with intrathoracic disease such as pyothorax secondary to migrating vegetal foreign material. Twelve dogs that underwent CT of the lumbar spine or abdomen and had a diagnosed hypaxial abscess on surgical and/or microbiological examination were included in this retrospective, descriptive case series. Computed tomography findings and findings from other imaging modalities employed were described. Eleven dogs were hunting breeds. Clinical signs included lethargy, fever, increased respiratory effort, and abdominal or back pain. Radiography and/or ultrasonography were employed during preliminary work up at clinician discretion and respectively revealed changes consistent with osteomyelitis in the cranial lumbar vertebrae and heterogenous, hypoechoic areas in the hypaxial musculature consistent with abscesses. Computed tomography findings included enlargement of hypaxial muscles with well-defined fluid attenuating noncontrast enhancing areas with a contrast-enhancing rim consistent with abscesses, periosteal reaction and lysis of vertebrae, and retroperitoneal effusion. Four of the 12 cases in this series had material identified and removed at surgery. The other eight cases were presumed to be the same disease process based on compatible signalment, imaging findings, and microbiological results. Migrating vegetal foreign bodies are a common problem at the authors' institution. Computed tomography provided expedient, thorough visualization of the relevant hypaxial lesions for diagnostic and surgical planning purposes and also characterized intrathoracic components of this disease.

BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY FROM THE ABSCESSES OF CAPTIVE TORTOISES-CLINICAL ANTIBIOTIC RECOMMENDATIONS.

Bacterial abscesses are commonly seen in tortoises. The morbidity and the resultant mortality are high. Multifactorial problems, antibiotics misapplication. and antibiotic-resistant bacteria make abscess treatment complicated and ineffective. This study identifies the etiological bacterial species and determines the best antibiotics for abscess treatment in captive tortoises. Sterile swab specimens from 40 tortoises with abscesses were analyzed using the Analytical Profile Index (API) system. Sixty-five bacteria species were identified covering facultative anaerobic gram-negative (n = 30, 46.2%), facultative anaerobic gram-positive (n = 19, 29.2%), and aerobic gram-negative bacteria (n = 16, 24.6%). The antibiotic sensitivity of these bacteria to 30 antibiotics was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Greater than 80% anaerobic gram-negative bacterial species showed sensitivity to amikacin and ceftazidime. Greater than 80% anaerobic gram-positive bacterial species were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and penicillin. In addition, more than 80% aerobic gram-negative bacterial species were sensitive to ceftazidime, colistin sulphate, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, and tobramycin. This study provides clinicians significant information for initial antibiotic options, which could elevate the abscess therapy success rate and improve the life quality of tortoises.

Diagnosis and surgical management of a retrobulbar abscess causing unilateral exophthalmos in a Boer goat.

A 10-year-old Boer goat wether presented for unilateral exophthalmos of 2- to 3-week duration. Ocular ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were utilized in the diagnosis of the patient's orbital disease and surgical planning. Exenteration was performed under the same general anesthetic event as CT. Cytology, culture, and histopathology were performed after exenteration. Cytology was consistent with a mixed bacterial infection. Culture confirmed the presence of Streptococcus ovis. Histopathology on the enucleated globe and mass revealed no evidence of tumor and confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar inflammation. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with severe chronic orbital pyogranuloma and fibrinosuppurative endophthalmitis confined to the subretinal space. The abscess recurred in the orbital space 2 weeks postoperatively; the orbit was explored. Repeat culture was consistent with S. ovis, Staphylococcus schleigeri subspecies coagulans, and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Complete resolution was obtained after drainage and lavage of the orbit. Abscess is cited as a cause of exophthalmos in small ruminants, but no individual case reports exist. Advanced imaging allowed presumptive diagnosis and surgical planning. Histopathology confirmed intraocular extension of retrobulbar disease.

A multi-organ infection involving a left adrenal gland abscess in a diabetic dog.

A 14-year-old, intact male, American cocker spaniel dog was presented with a 5-day history of lethargy, inappetence, loose stools, abdominal pain, and hematuria. The dog had a 4-year history of diabetes mellitus and was in remission for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scan revealed diffuse left adrenomegaly, splenic nodules, prostatomegaly, bilateral testicular cysts, and a hepatic mass. The dog underwent an exploratory laparotomy and a left adrenalectomy. Histopathology of the left adrenal gland was consistent with an adrenal abscess. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of an adrenal gland abscess in a dog. Key clinical message: This case highlights the potential for multi-organ infections in uncontrolled diabetic patients with non-specific clinical signs.

Une infection multi-organes impliquant un abcès de la glande surrénale gauche chez un chien diabétique. Un cocker américain mâle de 14 ans, intact, a été présenté avec de la léthargie, de l'inappétence, des selles molles, des douleurs abdominales et de l'hématurie depuis 5 jours. Le chien avait une histoire de 4 ans de diabète sucré et était en rémission pour une anémie hémolytique à médiation immunitaire. L'échographie abdominale et la tomodensitométrie ont révélé une adrénomégalie diffuse gauche, des nodules spléniques, une prostatomégalie, des kystes testiculaires bilatéraux et une masse hépatique. Le chien a subi une laparotomie exploratoire et une ablation de la surrénale gauche. L'histopathologie de la glande surrénale gauche était compatible avec un abcès surrénalien. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier cas signalé d'abcès des glandes surrénales chez un chien.Message clinique cléCe cas met en évidence le potentiel d'infections multi-organes chez les patients diabétiques non maitrisés présentant des signes cliniques non spécifiques.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Hematuria in a 3-month-old filly with an internal umbilical abscess and internal iliac artery aneurysm.

A 3-month-old foal with a history of acute hematuria was evaluated. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter were visualized upon renal ultrasonography of the left kidney. Cystoscopy identified a blood clot occluding the left ureter. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large retroperitoneal abscess at the level of the aortic bifurcation and a left internal iliac aneurysm. Due to the severity of the lesions and the poor prognosis, the filly was euthanized and the clinical findings were confirmed by post-mortem examination. This report emphasizes the value of obtaining a precise diagnosis via CT in order to avoid unviable treatment approaches when confronted with this unusual secondary complication of omphaloarteritis. Key clinical message: Umbilical complications are routinely diagnosed in equine neonatal medicine, and commonly lead to septicemia, physitis, and septic arthritis; severe internal umbilical abscessation, and subsequent vascular and urinary disorders are uncommon sequelae.

Hématurie chez une pouliche de 3 mois avec abcès ombilical interne et anévrisme de l'artère iliaque interne. Un poulain de 3 mois ayant des antécédents d'hématurie aiguë a été évalué. L'hydronéphrose et l'hydro-uretère ont été visualisés par échographie rénale du rein gauche. La cystoscopie a identifié un caillot sanguin obstruant l'uretère gauche. La tomodensitométrie (TDM) a révélé un gros abcès rétropéritonéal au niveau de la bifurcation aortique et un anévrisme iliaque interne gauche. En raison de la gravité des lésions et du mauvais pronostic, la pouliche a été euthanasiée et les résultats cliniques ont été confirmés par un examen post-mortem. Ce rapport souligne l'intérêt d'obtenir un diagnostic précis par TDM afin d'éviter des approches thérapeutiques non-viables face à cette complication secondaire inhabituelle de l'omphalo-artérite.Message clinique clé :Les complications ombilicales sont couramment diagnostiquées en néonatalogie équine et conduisent généralement à une septicémie, une épiphysite et une arthrite septique; un abcès ombilical interne sévère et des troubles vasculaires et urinaires subséquents sont des séquelles peu fréquentes.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LYMPH NODE ABSCESSATION IN PUP AND YEARLING CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) UNDERGOING REHABILITATION IN A MARINE MAMMAL CENTER.

Severe focal to multifocal abscessation of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in stranded pup and yearling California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSLs) at The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC). A retrospective case review was conducted of all pup and yearling CSLs with axillary and/or inguinal lymph node abscesses admitted to this California rehabilitation center between January 2015 and December 2019 (n = 162). Clinical data and cultured isolates were evaluated to (1) characterize the clinical syndrome, (2) report isolated pathogens, and (3) investigate factors associated with clinical outcome (survival to release versus death). Of the 162 CSLs admitted with at least one axillary or inguinal lymph node abscess, almost all were in poor body condition, and overall mortality rate was 63% (102 of 165). Mortality rate was lower for animals presenting with a single abscess and abscess(es) in the inguinal location only; odds of death were significantly lower for animals that had their abscesses surgically drained (P = 0.029) and those that received antimicrobials (P = 0.037). Hematology and serum chemistry parameters at the time of abscess diagnosis reflected inflammation and malnutrition. Radiographic findings associated with abscesses from 45 cases included soft tissue swelling (n = 40), intralesional gas (n = 19), and osteomyelitis (n = 3). Ninety bacterial isolates were recovered from aerobic (n = 48) and anaerobic cultures (n = 17), 48.9% of which were gram negative. The most common gram-negative organisms were Escherichia coli (n = 15), Proteus spp. (n = 8), and Bacteroides ureolyticus (n = 7), and the most common gram-positive organisms were Streptococcus phocae (n = 10) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 9). Management of lymph node abscesses via surgical drainage and multimodal systemic antimicrobial therapy with a broad-spectrum of activity may be considered to improve survival of these cases.

Translocation of intestinal bacteria as a cause of subcutaneous abscesses of the neck and head in American mink (Neovison vison) - a case report.

BACKGROUND: The problem of transmission of intestinal microorganisms to tissues occurs when intestinal epithelial cells do not adhere tightly (tight junction), which is caused by improper nutrition, usually associated with poor mucosal status. The impact on maintaining its proper condition in the case of animals also depends on the proper preparation and fragmentation of the ingredients of the feed. Intestinal microbiota disorders are increasingly indicated as one of the causes of many autoimmune, neurodevelopmental and metabolic diseases. However, there are no studies indicating damage to the intestinal barrier of animals resulting in the penetration of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract directly into the bloodstream which may result in the development of chronic inflammation. CASE PRESENTATION: On a mink (Neovison vison) farm with a foundation stock of 4,000 females, abscesses were observed in the head, followed by progressive deaths. Antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid added to the animals' feed was not successful. Macroscopic and microscopic changes indicated local suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with the presence of purulent fistulas. Microbiological analysis showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli in all samples taken from the abscesses. The results indicate the migration of intestinal bacteria through disturbance of the permeability of the intestinal barrier and their transfer to the blood. Symptoms were alleviated in all animals following changes in the feed components and in feed particle size. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to take into account the possibility of transmission of intestinal bacteria in the etiology of inflammatory diseases in animals. Conducting more research in this field will improve the understanding of the relationship between intestinal microbes and the health of the body as a whole.