["A shot at the father: a student's assault". Sigmund Freud and the case of Ernst Haberl]. / "Ein Schuss gegen den Vater. Attentat eines Studenten" Sigmund Freud und der "Fall Ernst Haberl".

In the fall of 1922, the Freud family was involved in a criminal case: The son of Mathilde Freud's nursing sister, Ernst Haberl, had shot at his father. With the help of August Aichhorn the Viennese Juvenile Court's social assistance department was engaged on behalf of the young man. Freud commissioned the lawyer Valentin Teirich to defend him in court. The Viennese dailies reported the deed and the trial extensively (Haberl was acquitted). That a comment published in the Neue Freie Presse was written by Freud himself, as Teirich believed, is, according to Anna Freud, highly improbable.

Attributing selected costs to intimate partner violence in a sample of women who have left abusive partners: a social determinants of health approach.

Selected costs associated with intimate partner violence were estimated for a community sample of 309 Canadian women who left abusive male partners on average 20 months previously. Total annual estimated costs of selected public- and private-sector expenditures attributable to violence were $13,162.39 per woman. This translates to a national annual cost of $6.9 billion for women aged 19­65 who have left abusive partners; $3.1 billion for those experiencing violence within the past three years. Results indicate that costs continue long after leaving, and call for recognition in policy that leaving does not coincide with ending violence.

Mother abuse: a matter of youth justice, child welfare or domestic violence?

International evidence suggests that in advanced welfare states the abuse of parents, most particularly mothers, by their (most frequently male) adolescent children is increasingly prevalent. In the United Kingdom, however, child-to-mother abuse remains one of the most under-acknowledged and under-researched forms of family violence. Although it is an issue shrouded in silence, stigma, and shame, the authors' work in the youth justice sphere, focusing on interventions to deal with anti-social behaviour, suggests that adolescent violence toward mothers is a topical and prevalent issue. We identify different ways of conceptualizing it in the policy realms of youth justice, child welfare, and domestic violence. The behaviour of both child/young person and mother is constructed in ways which inform the assignment of blame and responsibility. The paper highlights the silence that surrounds the issue in both the policy and wider academic spheres, hiding the failure of service providers to respond to this very destructive form of intimate interpersonal violence.

Prophecy, patriarchy, and violence in the early modern household: the revelations of Anne Wentworth.

In 1676 the apostate Baptist prophet Anne Wentworth (1629/30-1693?) published "A True Account of Anne Wentworths Being Cruelly, Unjustly, and Unchristianly Dealt with by Some of Those People called Anabaptists," the first in a series of pamphlets that would continue to the end of the decade. Orignially a member of a London Baptist church, Wentworth left the congregation and eventually her own home after her husband used physical force to stop her writing and prophesying. Yet Wentworth persisted in her "revelations." These prophecies increasingly focused on her response to those who were trying to stop her efforts, especially within her own household. This article examines Wentworth's writings as an effort by an early modern woman, using arguments of spiritual agency, to assert ideas about proper gender roles and household responsibilities to denounce her husband and rebut those who criticized and attempted to suppress her.

Family trauma through generations: incest and domestic violence in rural Sweden in the nineteenth century.

Two generations of a family who lived in mid-nineteenth rural Sweden are described. Domestic violence was a common feature in the first generation family. The salient feature there was undoubtedly the incestuous father-daughter relationships. The way incest appeared in Sweden about 150 years ago, the role of local authorities, and the serious consequences to those victimized is analyzed with reference to both the cultural context of that time and to modern theories of incest. Seemingly puzzling violence committed by a second generation family member is related to the domestic violence in the previous generation. Due to the extraordinary character of the incest cases and the specific church council sessions in which the incest case was treated, aspects of family life normally hidden behind curtains of conventions were made public. Reaction patterns drawn from this case indicate a patriarchal system of oppression and badly-directed considerations.

The state's "sharp line between the sexes": women, alcohol and the law in the United States, 1850-1980.

Beginning in the 1850s, American case and statute law established alcohol policies that applied specifically to women, which aimed broadly to promote temperance among both sexes. These measures reflected the powerful hold of a middle-class Victorian ideology that stigmatized female drinking, associated women with temperance, and kept women legally dependent in general. American laws on women and alcohol fell into two broad categories. The first was access laws, which restricted women's ability to purchase alcohol, patronize liquor outlets and work in the alcohol trade. These measures aimed to protect women from becoming drunkards, and depleted their legal power. The second group was domestic laws, including marriage, divorce and civil liability statutes. They aimed to protect women from drunken family members, especially husbands, and actually bestowed legal authority on women. Although both sets of laws promoted temperance, they did so both by expanding and contracting women's legal influence. These measures survived until the 1970s, when a series of court decisions overturned them on the basis of sex discrimination. The evolution of these laws shows how middle-class attitudes about female drinking were codified into sex-specific alcohol policy for most of the nation's history.

Violence: innate or acquired? A survey and some opinions.

Freud's psychoanalysis and Lorenz's ethology consider human aggressiveness to be innate. According to recent archaeological excavations and evolutionary studies, human groups in the Upper Paleolithic and Early Neolithic were peaceful and cooperative. This culture was replaced ten thousand years ago by a predatory hierarchical structure, which is here viewed as a cultural variant.

[Unveiling domestic violence against children and adolescents under the point of view of the legal professionals in the municipality of Jardinopolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. / Desvendando a violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes sob a ótica dos operadores do direito na comarca de Jardinópolis-SP.

Using a grounded qualitative and considering it as capable of expanding the complexity of phenomena, facts, particular and specific processes concerning groups fairly delimitated in extension and that can be intensively affected, this article aims at identifying and analyzing the perceptions of law professionals (prosecutors, prosecution assistants, judicial deputies and judges) concerning the aspects triggering violence against children and adolescents at home. The study was conducted at the Forum of the Municipality of Jardinópolis.-SP, Brazil The results were obtained by means of content analysis, thematic modality. Law professionals attribute the aspects that trigger violence at home to the lack of family structure, precarious social and economic conditions, unstable marriages, mental disorder, alcoholism as well as to the lack of social policies to meet social demands.

A game of three monkeys: Kadazan Dusun villagers and violence against women.

Based on detailed and long-term anthropological research among rural Kadazans, the paper sets out the social history of domestic violence in one Sabah village. In more than 30 per cent of the households, there is a woman who has experienced repeated spousal abuse during her life. Adding those men who abused earlier spouses, and adults who lived through the abuse of their mothers in childhood, it is clear that violence is and has long been part of everyday ­ yet secret ­ village experience. For various reasons, researchers appear to have colluded in ignoring the issue. To help those women and their children whose lives are blighted by fear and fearful memories, it would be wise to assume domestic violence is as present in rural as in urban settings.

Marital violence in a martial town: husbands and wives in early modern Portsmouth, 1653-1781.

Sessions papers from early modern Portsmouth survive from 1653 on and are nearly continuous for eighty-five years, that is, from 1696 to 1781. They include 356 cases of wife beating in addition to 7,658 other assaults; as such, the town's records allow for a comparison of the violent behavior of individual wife beaters both inside and outside of their marriages. These comparisons suggest that assaults on wives were more severe than assaults on strangers and acquaintances: not only were many wives assaulted on several occasions before lodging a complaint, the attacks themselves often resulted in greater injury, reflecting (1) a greater tendency to use potentially lethal weapons and (2) a differential in strength between most husbands and wives. The motives of individual wife beaters are less clear; what can be said with certainty is that wife beatings, like assaults in general, tended to rise whenever soldiers were demobilized and men were either unemployed or underemployed.

[Commune prison camp's health care and Versailles military hospital share]. / Le soutien sanitaire des camps de prisonniers de la Commune (juin 1871 - décembre 1872) et le rôle de l'Hôpital militaire de Versailles.

Between June 1871 and December 1872, about five thousand prisoners were kept in Versailles among some places of detention. This high death rate was indebted for worst hygienic states (individual or collective) and food wretched quality during first weeks. Military Health Service, under Hippolyte Larrey's management with Adolphe Thiers and staff assent involved living conditions owing to tubs and toilets not forgiving accurate clothes and well-balanced food. In every prison was fitted and infirmary managed by a military physician. Sick people were sent into hospital. Versailles city's archives show that, during 1871, 154 insurgent people died in the military hospital while the number dropped to 55 during 1872.

Writing the male abuser in cultural responses to domestic violence in Spain.

The article analyzes the portrayal of the male perpetrator of heterosexual domestic violence in a selection of contemporary Spanish texts (novel, drama, and autobiography) that form part of a clearly discernible cultural response to the issue of intimate partner violence in Spain today. It reads the figure of the abuser in conjunction with a range of primarily Spanish studies on domestic aggression, with the aim of showing how and why the chosen authors engage with bodies of theory that address battery. The study concludes that some cultural producers devise a strategy of eliding the male aggressor in an attempt to subvert the power he wields over the female victim.

Estudios sobre violencia en la familia: los temas recurrentes, en cuatro décadas de investigación / Estudos sobre violência na família: os temas recorrentes em quatro décadas de pesquisa / Studies on violence in the family: the recurring themes in four decades of research

O presente trabalho é uma contribuição para a historização da área de pesquisa sobre a violência na família. Nessa oportunidade, abordam-se tópicos recorrentes nos estudos sobre violência na família, tomando como unidade de análise, trabalhos de revisão realizados por pesquisadores, a partir da década de 1980. Três questionamentos são recorrentes na produção: por que as mulheres não abandonam a relação; como evolui a problemática da violência familiar; quais novas dimensões podem incluir-se na análise. Identificam-se hipóteses e modelos conceituais implicados tanto na formulação das perguntas, como nas múltiplas possíveis respostas. Conclui-se que os temas analisados expressam a diversidade constitutiva no campo da pesquisa sobre violência na família. (AU)

This paper is a contribution to the research in history of violence in the family. We board recurring topics in studies on violence in the family, taking as unit of analysis review work carried out by researchers from the 1980s. The three recurrent questions that we have found in the production are: why women do not leave the relationship; how the problematic of family violence evolves; which new dimensions may be included in the analysis. We identify theoretical assumptions and conceptual frameworks involved in the formulation of the questions and multiple answers. It is concluded that ideas analyzed express the constitutive diversity among research on family violence. (AU)

El presente trabajo constituye un aporte para la historización del área de investigación sobre violencia en la familia. En esta oportunidad, se abordan tópicos recurrentes en los estudios sobre violencia en la familia, tomando como unidad de análisis trabajos de revisión realizados por investigadores, a partir de la década de 1980. Se hallan tres interrogantes recurrentes en la producción: por qué las mujeres no abandonan la relación; cómo evoluciona la problemática de la violencia familiar; qué nuevas dimensiones pueden incluirse en el análisis. Se identifican supuestos y marcos teórico-conceptuales implicados tanto en la formulación de las preguntas, como en las múltiples respuestas ensayadas. Se concluye que los desarrollos analizados expresan la diversidad constitutiva del campo de investigación sobre violencia en la familia. (AU)

Por los abismos de la infancia / Through the abyss of childhood

Constantemente los medios de comunicación nos informan sobre el maltrato al que son sometidos los niños en todo el mundo, maltrato que se expresa en variadísimas y crueles formas y contra el cual parecen impotentes las leyes que pretenden acabarlo. Un breve recorrido por la historia nos muestra que esta crueldad puesta sobre los infantes ha existido siempre, que forma parte de una agresividad estructural humana que encuentra en los niños un blanco fácil para su descarga.

The media constantly informs us about the mistreatment to which children are subjected throughout the world, abuse that is expressed in very varied and cruel ways and against which the laws that aim to end it seem impotent. A brief tour through history shows us that this cruelty placed on infants has always existed, that it is part of a structural human aggression that finds in children an easy target for unloading