Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 34
Filter
Add more filters

Publication year range
1.
J Fish Dis ; 47(2): e13882, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37876038

ABSTRACT

Marine teleost species of commercial interest are often reported with hyperostosis, an osteological condition that results in bone thickening. Various specimens of Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (n = 86) obtained from artisanal fishermen in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were radiographed and assessed to detect the occurrence of hyperostosis across four different size classes. Of the examined individuals, 58.62% displayed signs of hyperostosis, which manifested in eight skeletal regions, notably in the supraoccipital crest, cleithrum and supraneural areas. In the vertebral column, hyperostosis was more frequently observed in haemal spines than in neural spines, predominantly between the sixth and eighth caudal vertebrae. The smallest size class (<200 mm total length) showed a low frequency of hyperostosis at 7.89%. This frequency escalated for larger classes, reaching 94.12% in individuals measuring 200-300 mm in total length and was observed in all individuals exceeding 300 mm. Hyperostosis exhibited an ontogenetic development pattern, where both the occurrence frequencies and the sizes of the affected bones expanded in proportion to the fish size. This is the first description of the hyperostosis pattern of development for the species, an important commercial resource.


Subject(s)
Fish Diseases , Hyperostosis , Perciformes , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Fishes , Hyperostosis/diagnostic imaging , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/veterinary
2.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 163(1): 73-82, 2021 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32888075

ABSTRACT

ABTRACT: BACKGROUND: Most spheno-orbital meningioma series span multiple decades, and predictors of visual outcomes have not yet been systemically assessed. We describe visual outcomes in a recent cohort and assess predictors of postoperative visual outcomes. METHODS: Consecutive case series operated by a team of a neurosurgeon and orbital surgeon between May 2015 and January 2019. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual fields (static perimetry), and relative proptosis were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 3/6/12 months after which it was assessed yearly. Predictors were assessed with linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (all WHO grade I) were operated by the pterional approach (median follow-up 2.4 years). Preoperative visual acuity deficits (n = 10) normalized in 70% and improved in 10% (median preoperative: 0.8, postoperative: 1.2, p = 0.021). Preoperative visual field deficits (n = 8) normalized in all patients (preoperative: - 6.5 dB, postoperative: - 1.5 dB, p = 0.008). Preoperative proptosis (n = 16) normalized in 44% and improved in 56% (preoperative: 5 mm, postoperative: 2 mm, p < 0.001). BCVA and visual fields remained stable at longer follow-up in 95% of patients, while 21% showed progression of proptosis. Predictors for worse longer-term (> 12 months) BCVA were worse preoperative BCVA (p = 0.002) and diagnosis of multiple meningioma (p = 0.021). Predictors for worse longer-term visual fields were higher diameter of hyperostosis (p = 0.009) and higher Simpson grade (p = 0.032). Predictor for short-term (3 months) proptosis was preoperative proptosis (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: We recommend surgery, even of patients with minimal visual impairment or hyperostosis, as patients who present with deteriorated visual function or extensive hyperostosis are less likely to have postoperative visual outcomes restored to normal.


Subject(s)
Exophthalmos/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Meningioma/surgery , Orbital Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Vision, Low/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningioma/pathology , Middle Aged , Orbital Neoplasms/pathology , Visual Acuity
3.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 173(4): 721-733, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32869279

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH) are porous cranial lesions (PCLs) classically associated with iron-deficiency anemia in bioarchaeological contexts. However, recent studies indicate a need to reassess the interpretation of PCLs. This study addresses the potential health correlates of PCLs in a contemporary sample by examining relationships between the known cause of death (COD) and PCL presence/absence. METHODS: This study includes a sample of 461 juvenile individuals (6 months to 15 years of age) who underwent examination at the University of New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator between 2011 and 2019. The information available for each individual includes their sex, age at death, and their COD and manner of death. RESULTS: Odds ratio of having CO (OR = 3.92, p < .01) or PH (OR = 2.86, p = .02) lesions are increased in individuals with respiratory infections. Individuals with heart conditions have increased odds of having CO (OR = 3.52, p = .03) lesions, but not PH. CONCLUSION: Individuals with respiratory infection are more likely to have CO and/or PH. CO appears to have a greater range of health correlates than PH does, as indicated by the heart condition results. However, individuals with congenital heart defects are at higher risk for respiratory infections, so bony alterations in cases of heart conditions may be due to respiratory illness. Since respiratory infection remains a leading cause of mortality today, CO and PH in bioarchaeological contexts should be considered as potential indicators of respiratory infections in the past.


Subject(s)
Hyperostosis , Orbit/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections , Adolescent , Cause of Death , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hyperostosis/complications , Hyperostosis/diagnostic imaging , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/pathology , Infant , Male , New Mexico , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Paleopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Stress, Physiological , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 56(1): 25-32, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25138894

ABSTRACT

Rounded, sessile, hyperattenuating structures detected in computed tomography (CT) studies of canine tympanic bullae have been termed "otoliths." These have been proposed to represent dystrophic mineralizations or heterotopic bone formations in the middle ear that are potentially related to chronic otitis media. Aims of the current study were to describe the prevalence, macroscopic, and histological features of structures consistent with "otoliths" in the canine tympanic cavity. Tympanic bullae from 50 routinely necropsied dogs and 139 retrospectively retrieved CT scans of canine clinical cases were examined. Small tympanic bone spicules with pointed or clubbed tips essentially arising from the free margin of the septum bullae were bilaterally present in the tympanic cavities of all 50 of the necropsied dogs. In 48% of the dogs, "otolith"-like CT-detectable bone spicules carrying drumstick-like hyperostoses that were 1-6 mm in diameter were also present. In the retrospective survey of bulla CT scans of 139 cases, the prevalence of hyperostotic tympanic bone spicules (HTBS) was 20%. Findings from the current study indicated that the presence of small tympanic bone spicules in adult dogs is most likely due to physiological bone growth in the septum bullae and that HTBS represent osseous proliferations of small tympanic bone spicules. However, the factors inducing formation of hyperostotic spicules from small tympanic bone spicules remain unknown. The high prevalence of HTBS displaying a similar appearance in bulla CT scans in dogs suggests that these spicules should be included in a differential diagnosis list for "otoliths."


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Ear Diseases/veterinary , Ear, Middle , Hyperostosis/veterinary , Age Factors , Animals , Body Weight , Calculi/epidemiology , Calculi/veterinary , Dogs , Ear Diseases/epidemiology , Ear, Middle/diagnostic imaging , Female , Hyperostosis/diagnostic imaging , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Male , Osteophyte/epidemiology , Osteophyte/veterinary , Otitis Media/epidemiology , Otitis Media/veterinary , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary , Ultrasonography
5.
Anthropol Anz ; 81(1): 69-78, 2024 Jan 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37539649

ABSTRACT

Porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia are pathological changes occurring on the human skull. These changes were observed and evaluated on skeletal remains from Detkovice - Za zahradama and Vídenská Street in Brno; both sites are dated back to the 10th to 12th centuries AD. A total of 605 subjects were assessed for age, sex, and the above-stated pathologies using standard methods. The influence of age and sex on the occurrence of these pathologies was examined statistically. Results indicated that at the site of Detkovice - Za zahradama, porotic hyperostosis, and cribra orbitalia do not depend on sex or age. However, at Vídenská Street in Brno, these pathologies do not depend on sex, but they depend on age so a higher incidence of pathologies in juveniles is observed. Differences between both sites could be caused by different numbers of evaluated individuals or different state of preservation of skeletal remains. The aetiology of the origin of these pathologies could not be determined by the methodology used here, but with the prevailing lower age of pathological subjects, a lack of nutrition with consequent absence of iron and developing anaemia might be the cause. Based on our statistical data, we can observe that the pathologies we studied occur more frequently in children older than newborns and younger infants. This may indicate that these studied pathologies arise only during the lifetime of the individual and do not have a prenatal occurrence.


Subject(s)
Body Remains , Hyperostosis , Infant , Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Body Remains/pathology , Czech Republic , Skull/pathology , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/etiology , Hyperostosis/pathology , Head , Paleopathology/methods
7.
Osteoporos Int ; 23(2): 643-54, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21455762

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: High bone mineral density on routine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may indicate an underlying skeletal dysplasia. Two hundred fifty-eight individuals with unexplained high bone mass (HBM), 236 relatives (41% with HBM) and 58 spouses were studied. Cases could not float, had mandible enlargement, extra bone, broad frames, larger shoe sizes and increased body mass index (BMI). HBM cases may harbour an underlying genetic disorder. INTRODUCTION: High bone mineral density is a sporadic incidental finding on routine DXA scanning of apparently asymptomatic individuals. Such individuals may have an underlying skeletal dysplasia, as seen in LRP5 mutations. We aimed to characterize unexplained HBM and determine the potential for an underlying skeletal dysplasia. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight individuals with unexplained HBM (defined as L1 Z-score ≥ +3.2 plus total hip Z-score ≥ +1.2, or total hip Z-score ≥ +3.2) were recruited from 15 UK centres, by screening 335,115 DXA scans. Unexplained HBM affected 0.181% of DXA scans. Next 236 relatives were recruited of whom 94 (41%) had HBM (defined as L1 Z-score + total hip Z-score ≥ +3.2). Fifty-eight spouses were also recruited together with the unaffected relatives as controls. Phenotypes of cases and controls, obtained from clinical assessment, were compared using random-effects linear and logistic regression models, clustered by family, adjusted for confounders, including age and sex. RESULTS: Individuals with unexplained HBM had an excess of sinking when swimming (7.11 [3.65, 13.84], p < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval shown), mandible enlargement (4.16 [2.34, 7.39], p < 0.001), extra bone at tendon/ligament insertions (2.07 [1.13, 3.78], p = 0.018) and broad frame (3.55 [2.12, 5.95], p < 0.001). HBM cases also had a larger shoe size (mean difference 0.4 [0.1, 0.7] UK sizes, p = 0.009) and increased BMI (mean difference 2.2 [1.3, 3.1] kg/m(2), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Individuals with unexplained HBM have an excess of clinical characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasia and their relatives are commonly affected, suggesting many may harbour an underlying genetic disorder affecting bone mass.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/physiology , Hyperostosis/physiopathology , Absorptiometry, Photon/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anthropometry/methods , Body Mass Index , Bone Diseases, Developmental/epidemiology , Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics , Bone Diseases, Developmental/pathology , Bone Diseases, Developmental/physiopathology , Databases, Factual , England/epidemiology , Female , Hip Joint/physiopathology , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/genetics , Hyperostosis/pathology , Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology , Male , Mandible/pathology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Swimming , Wales/epidemiology , Young Adult
8.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 70(6): 1286-91, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22310453

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Mandibular tori are located above the mylohyoid ridge. These features are relatively common in most populations, but their prevalence varies with race. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and features of mandibular tori in a Korean population using computed tomographic (CT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT images of 726 patients were analyzed in this study. The presence or absence of a mandibular torus was identified on the CT images of each patient's quadrants and categorized according to gender and age. The most common location was also evaluated according to the corresponding teeth. The cortical thickness of each torus was evaluated using a 3-dimensional reconstruction software program. RESULTS: The prevalence of mandibular tori in the entire sample was 24.1%, and most cases were bilateral. Mandibular tori were observed more frequently in young adults, with the prevalence being inversely related to age. The most frequently observed location was the premolar region, and the mean cortical thickness was 6.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular tori seem to change with aging. The prevalence in the present sample composed of Koreans was 24.1%, and younger patients may be more likely to develop a mandibular torus. Most tori presented a medium size bilaterally in the lingual aspect of the premolar region, and all were composed of cortical bone.


Subject(s)
Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Mandibular Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asian People/statistics & numerical data , Chi-Square Distribution , Humans , Hyperostosis/diagnostic imaging , Hyperostosis/ethnology , Hyperostosis/pathology , Logistic Models , Male , Mandibular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Mandibular Diseases/ethnology , Mandibular Diseases/pathology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Young Adult
9.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 154(6): 1017-22, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22421919

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) in the Bryan cervical arthroplasty group and to identify associations between preoperative factors and the development of HO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of clinical and radiological data on patients who underwent single-level cervical arthroplasty with Bryan prosthesis between January 2005 and September 2007. Patients were postoperatively followed-up at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and every year thereafter. The clinical assessment was conducted using Odom's criteria. The presence of HO was evaluated on the basis of X-ray at each time-point according to the McAfee classification. In this study, we focused on survivorship of Bryan prosthesis for single-level arthroplasty. The occurrence of ROM-affecting HO was defined as a functional failure and was used as an endpoint for determining survivorship. RESULTS: Through the analysis of 19 cases of Bryan disc arthroplasty for cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy, we revealed that ROM-affecting HO occurs in as many as 36.8% of cases and found that 37% of patients had ROM-affecting HO within 24 months following surgery. The overall survival time to the occurrence of ROM-affecting HO was 36.4 ± 4.4 months. Survival time of the prosthesis in the patient group without preoperative uncovertebral hypertrophy was significantly longer than that in the patient group with preoperative uncovertebral hypertrophy (47.2 months vs 25.5 months, p = 0.02). Cox regression proportional hazard analysis illustrated that preoperative uncovertebral hypertrophy was determined as a significant risk factor for the occurrence of ROM-affecting HO (hazard ratio = 12.30; 95% confidential interval = 1.10-137.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the condition of the uncovertebral joint must be evaluated in preoperative planning for Bryan cervical arthroplasty.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty/adverse effects , Diskectomy/adverse effects , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Ossification, Heterotopic/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Spondylosis/surgery , Adult , Aged , Arthroplasty/instrumentation , Arthroplasty/methods , Comorbidity , Diskectomy/instrumentation , Diskectomy/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/mortality , Hyperostosis/pathology , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/epidemiology , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Ossification, Heterotopic/mortality , Ossification, Heterotopic/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Prostheses and Implants/standards , Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spondylosis/epidemiology , Spondylosis/mortality
10.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 145(2): 318-26, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21469079

ABSTRACT

The present study examines patterns of infant and juvenile growth in a diachronic sample of ancestral Pueblo Indians (AD 1300-1680) from the American Southwest. An assessment of growth patterns is accompanied by an evaluation of pathological conditions often considered to be indicators of nutritional deficiencies and/or gastrointestinal infections. Growth patterns and the distribution of pathological conditions are interpreted relative to culturally relevant age categories defined by Puebloan rites of passage described in the ethnographic literature. A visual comparison of growth distance curves revealed that relative to a modern comparative group our sample of ancestral Pueblo infant and juveniles exhibited faltering growth beginning soon after birth to about 5 years of age. A comparison of curves describing growth relative to adult femoral length, however, indicated reduced growth occurring later, by around 2 years of age. Similar to previous studies, we observed a high proportion of nonsurvivors exhibiting porotic cranial lesions during the first 2 years of life. Contrary to expectations, infants and juveniles without evidence of porotic cranial lesions exhibited a higher degree of stunting. Our study is generally consistent with previous research reporting poor health and high mortality for ancestral Pueblo Indian infants and juveniles. Through use of a culturally relevant context defining childhood, we argue that the observed poor health and high mortality in our sample occur before the important transition from young to older child and the concomitant initial incorporation into tribal ritual organization.


Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Femur/anatomy & histology , Indians, North American/history , Child , Child, Preschool , Diaphyses/anatomy & histology , Diaphyses/growth & development , Female , Femur/growth & development , Health Status , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/ethnology , Hyperostosis/history , Infant , Male , Malnutrition , New Mexico/epidemiology , Regression Analysis , Statistics, Nonparametric
11.
World Neurosurg ; 146: e848-e853, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33220476

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) may be delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and variable imaging findings. Cases of hyperostosis in children who are overshunted, a process that may be physiologically analogous to adults with SIH, have been reported by others and observed in our practice. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the frequency and pattern of calvarial hyperostosis in patients with SIH. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations from consecutive patients who underwent myelography for the evaluation of SIH to assess for the presence of generalized calvarial thickening or development of a secondary layer of bone. Patients with typical benign hyperostosis frontalis were excluded. Patient demographics and clinical factors were evaluated for association with hyperostosis. RESULTS: Among 285 patients with SIH, 40 (14.0%) demonstrated diffuse calvarial hyperostosis on imaging. Most of these patients (32/40; 80.0%) demonstrated a distinct circumferentially layered appearance to the skull, whereas 8 of 40 (20.0%) had generalized calvarial thickening without layering. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse calvarial hyperostosis, particularly the concentrically layered form that we term "layer cake skull," is a relatively common imaging feature in patients with SIH. In the appropriate clinical context, this finding will allow the possibility of SIH to be raised based on computed tomography imaging, which is otherwise of limited utility in the initial diagnosis of this condition.


Subject(s)
Craniofacial Abnormalities/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Intracranial Hypotension/epidemiology , Adult , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Hyperostosis/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Hypotension/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Homo ; 70(3): 217-224, 2019 Nov 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31593210

ABSTRACT

Ancient Egyptians experienced a vast increase in population size following the Neolithic Revolution. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups gradually adopted agriculture as their primary food subsistence strategy. Analyses of human societies shifting from foragers to farmers have provided evidence which suggests this transition is linked with an increase in disease and allostatic load. This paper presents an examination of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis prevalence in Predynastic and Dynastic Egyptians using public health evidence as a means to interpret the skeletal findings. The sample included 219 individuals from the regions of Naga-ed-Dêr, Mesheikh, Giza, and potentially El-Ahaiwah. The aim of this study was to identify significant differences of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis across time and sex. Application of a Fisher-Freeman-Halton's test indicated there were no differences in prevalence of cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis between the Predynastic and Dynastic, nor were there differences between the sexes. The results of this study did not produce any evidence for an epidemiological shift to have occurred in post-agricultural Egypt. Further, the most likely explanation of the pattern of disease stems from a parasitic model of infection.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Anemia , Adult , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/history , Egypt , Female , History, Ancient , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/history , Male , Orbit/pathology , Paleopathology , Parasitic Diseases , Prevalence
13.
Atherosclerosis ; 287: 24-29, 2019 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31181416

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a common incidental finding on medical imaging and often thought to be benign. Our objective was to investigate whether DISH is associated with coronary artery disease as measured with the coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in a large cohort of current and former smokers. METHODS: In a subset of subjects from the COPDGene study, DISH was scored by a minimum of two independent readers if there were four adjacent levels of flowing osteophytes and a third reader adjudicated discrepancies. CAC was calculated using a modified Agatston method. Associations of DISH with the presence and extent of CAC were analyzed with and without adjustment for COPD and known atherosclerotic risk factors, including age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, body mass index and smoking. RESULTS: DISH was present in 361 subjects (13.2%) from a total group of 2728. Median (interquartile range) Agatston was 81 (0-329) in DISH subjects compared to 0 (0-94 in subjects without DISH (p < 0.001). DISH prevalence was 8.8% in CAC = 0, 12.8% in CAC1-100, 20.0% in CAC100-400 and 24.7% in CAC.400. Subjects with DISH had a significantly higher risk of having coronary artery calcifications; OR [CI95%] 1.37[1.05-1.78] (p=0.019) after correction for age, gender, race, COPD and atherosclerotic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with DISH, a common musculoskeletal disorder involving bone formation anterior to the spine, have an increased burden of coronary artery disease, and therefore DISH may be a more relevant incidental finding than commonly thought.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Hyperostosis/complications , Risk Assessment/methods , Vascular Calcification/etiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperostosis/diagnosis , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , United States/epidemiology , Vascular Calcification/diagnosis , Vascular Calcification/epidemiology
14.
Anat Sci Int ; 93(2): 254-261, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28500619

ABSTRACT

Cribra orbitalia is characterized by an aggregation of small apertures in the orbital roof in response to marrow hypertrophy. This pathological change is indicative of biological stress during youth. We examined the prevalence of this lesion in Pacopampa, a ceremonial center of the formative period, located in the northern highlands of Peru. Using this evaluation of cribra orbitalia, we reconstructed aspects of the population's health and nutritional status during the formation of Andean civilization. We examined 41 orbits of 27 adult individuals (13 males, 14 females) and recorded the macroscopic presence or absence of cribra orbitalia. The presence or absence of cribra orbitalia was the same bilaterally for all 14 individuals having both orbits preserved. The pathology was present in two of the 13 males (15.4%), one of the 14 (7.1%) females, and three of 27 individuals (11.1%) for both sexes combined. There was no difference in the frequency between sexes. The prevalence of cribra orbitalia was found to be lower in Pacopampa than in the comparative data of coastal populations. It is reasonable to assume that the increase in social complexity in Pacopampa was probably unrelated to the decline in overall health of the people.


Subject(s)
Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Orbit/pathology , Adult , Civilization , Female , Humans , Hyperostosis/etiology , Male , Paleopathology , Peru/epidemiology , Prevalence , Stress, Physiological
15.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 36(5): 451-456, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28403046

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although bacterial osteomyelitis (BO) is a commonly recognized diagnosis in pediatrics, it is often difficult to distinguish from nonbacterial osteitis (NBO). The goal of our study was to distinguish between the 2 disease entities and better define NBO. METHODS: Using the German Surveillance Unit for Rare Diseases in Childhood (Erhebungseinheit für Seltene Paediatrische Erkrankungen in Deutschland), this prospective study during a 5-year period captured 657 patients at first diagnosis of either BO (n = 378) or NBO (n = 279) while analyzing epidemiologic, clinical and radiologic data. RESULTS: BO was reported in 1.2 per 100,000 children with a higher prevalence in younger male patients (58%), and NBO was reported in 0.45 per 100,000 children. BO patients tended to present with fevers (68%), elevated inflammation markers (82%) and local swelling (62%) but a shorter course of symptoms than NBO patients. NBO patients presented in good general health (86%) and were more likely to have multifocal lesions (66%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prominent pathogen (83%), with only one methicillin-resistant S. aureus reported. Complications ranged from arthritis adjacent to the lesion to hyperostosis and vertebral fractures. CONCLUSIONS: BO and NBO can be distinguished based on symptoms, associated diseases and inflammation markers. NBO should always be considered in pediatric patients presenting with bone lesions and pain, especially in young female patients presenting with good general health, minimal inflammation markers and multifocal lesions in the vertebrae, clavicle and sternum.


Subject(s)
Osteitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Public Health Surveillance , Rare Diseases/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/epidemiology , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Fractures, Bone/pathology , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Hyperostosis/diagnosis , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/etiology , Hyperostosis/pathology , Infant , Male , Osteitis/complications , Osteitis/epidemiology , Osteitis/pathology , Osteomyelitis/complications , Osteomyelitis/epidemiology , Osteomyelitis/pathology , Prospective Studies , Rare Diseases/complications , Rare Diseases/epidemiology , Rare Diseases/pathology , Spine/pathology , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
16.
Sci Rep ; 6: 29458, 2016 07 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27385276

ABSTRACT

Across much of central Europe, the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) represents the first Neolithic communities. Arising in Transdanubia around 5500 cal. BC the LBK spread west to the Rhine within two to three hundred years, carrying elements of a mixed agricultural economy and a relatively homogeneous material culture. Colonisation of new regions during this progress would have required economic adaptations to varied ecological conditions within the landscape. This paper investigates whether such adaptation at a local scale affected health patterns and altered the dietary habits of populations that otherwise shared a common cultural and biological origin. Analysis of non-specific stress (linear enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia) within five LBK populations from across central Europe in conjunction with published carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from each site revealed a high prevalence of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in western populations that was associated with a lower animal protein intake. Hypoplastic enamel was more frequently observed in eastern populations however, and may reflect geographic differences in childhood morbidity and mortality as a result of variation in social practices relating to weaning. Local socio-economic adaptations within the LBK were therefore an important factor in the exposure of populations to non-specific stress.


Subject(s)
Body Remains/anatomy & histology , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Adaptation, Biological , Animals , Anthropology, Physical , Archaeology , Europe/epidemiology , Farmers , Feeding Behavior , Health Surveys , Social Adjustment , Weaning
17.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab ; 28(1-2): 231-5, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25153226

ABSTRACT

Hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the GALNT3 and FGF23 genes. The main features of this disorder include painful swelling of long bones, increased renal reabsorption of phosphate but normal renal function and vitamin D and parathormone levels. Previously, we reported a novel missense mutation in the FGF23 gene in a patient suffering from HHS. In the present report, we demonstrated the same mutation (c.471C>A) in two other cases of HHS with similar clinical manifestations. As this nucleotide change has not been reported previously, it can be a population specific mutation in Iran that can facilitate carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis of HHS.


Subject(s)
Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics , Hyperostosis/genetics , Hyperphosphatemia/genetics , Mutation, Missense , Adolescent , Child , Consanguinity , Female , Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Hyperphosphatemia/epidemiology , Iran/epidemiology , Pedigree
18.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976) ; 20(23): 2572-5, 1995 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8610253

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: This is a report of a patient with severe cervical myelopathy due to pseudoarthrosis between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis, associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Radiographs of 170 patients with neck pain were reviewed to identify lesions involving abnormal contact between the atlas and axis. OBJECTIVE: Based on an analysis of 170 radiographs, the prevalence of the reported condition was estimated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A number of histologic studies on pseudoarthrosis involving the lumbar spine have been reported. In contrast, lesions between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis have not been reported in association with cervical myelopathy. METHODS: Clinical and pathologic features of a patient with pseudoarthrosis between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the spinous process of the axis were investigated. Radiographs of 170 Japanese patients over 40 years old were examined, and abnormal contact between the atlas and axis was classified into two groups based on the degree of spinal hyperostosis. RESULTS: Of 170 patients, 53 showed abnormal contact between the atlas and axis. The prevalence of abnormalities in the pronounced hyperostosis group (Forestier's stages II and III) was much higher than in the group with normal or slight hyperostosis. Two men had radiographic patterns showing osteophytes projecting into the spinal canal and associated with marked cervical myelopathy. CONCLUSION: In the group with pronounced hyperostosis, pseudoarthrosis or a variant can cause serious problems in the upper cervical spine that should not be overlooked.


Subject(s)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra/pathology , Cervical Atlas/pathology , Cervical Vertebrae , Hyperostosis/complications , Pseudarthrosis/complications , Spinal Osteophytosis/etiology , Age Distribution , Axis, Cervical Vertebra/diagnostic imaging , Cervical Atlas/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Hyperinsulinism/blood , Hyperinsulinism/complications , Hyperostosis/diagnosis , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Pseudarthrosis/diagnosis , Pseudarthrosis/epidemiology , Spinal Canal/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
19.
Surg Neurol ; 45(3): 213-8, 1996 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8638216

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Up to 60% of the patients with known adenomatous polyposis coli may present hyperostosis of the skull and facial bones, and/or a susceptibility to fibromas. This is known as the Gardner's syndrome, and is considered as an allelic variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Also, although very rare, an adenomatous polyposis coli may occur with malignant tumors of the central nervous system, known as Turcot syndrome. If both syndromes are different phenotypic presentation of FAP, this would explain a simultaneous occurrence. METHOD: We report the history of a patient who showed clinical signs of the simultaneous occurrence of both Gardner's and Turcot syndromes. The syndromes are compared, and in view of the literature, a genetic explanation for the concomitant occurrence is discussed. RESULTS: Evidence obtained from the literature to consider Turcot syndrome as a phenotype of FAB is as follows: (1) The occurrence of Gardner's and Turcot syndromes in one family, but in different members; (2) The presence of congenital hypertrophic retinal pigmented epithelium (CHRPE), which correlates with the expression of polyps in FAP patients, in both syndromes; (3) Linkage of the Turcot phenotype to the adenomatous polyposis coli locus by genetic markers. Evidence obtained from this case report indicates that there is a manifestation of both syndromes in one patient together with a positive family history for FAP. CONCLUSION: This concomitant occurrence of both Gardner's and Turcot syndromes in one patient clinically supports genetic and ophthalmic investigation to consider Turcot syndrome (like Gardner's syndrome) as a phenotypic variant of FAP. Patients with FAP should be examined for the presence of Gardner's syndrome. In case a Gardner's syndrome is suspected, a computed tomography scan of the brain is recommended because of the possible existence of a simultaneous Turcot syndrome.


Subject(s)
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/epidemiology , Astrocytoma/epidemiology , Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology , Gardner Syndrome/epidemiology , Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/diagnosis , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/genetics , Animals , Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Astrocytoma/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Comorbidity , Gardner Syndrome/diagnosis , Gardner Syndrome/genetics , Humans , Hyperostosis/diagnosis , Hyperostosis/genetics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Radiography , Rats , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Syndrome
20.
Rhinology ; 40(2): 80-2, 2002 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12091998

ABSTRACT

HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of chronic hyperostotic rhinosinusitis has been underreported due to poor recognition of the disease process. The surgical management of chronic hyperostotic rhinosinusitis with prolonged pre and post-operative antibiotic therapy can alter clinical course of the disease process. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 40 patients based at two teaching tertiary care institutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of twenty patients (ten undergoing primary sinus surgery and ten undergoing revision sinus surgery) were randomly selected from each institution and reviewed by an independent radiologist for evidence of hyperostosis and compared to original reading of the CT scans. RESULTS: The finding of sinus hyperostosis is rarely reported by the radiologist on the sinus CT scan where the focus is always on mucosal disease. The incidence of sinus hyperostosis is higher, in patients undergoing revision sinus surgery than patients undergoing primary sinus surgery. CONCLUSION: Sinus hyperostosis is not an uncommon finding in chronic refractory sinusitis which may require long term intravenous antibiotic therapy in conjunction with surgery to provide symptomatic relief.


Subject(s)
Hyperostosis/epidemiology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Sinusitis/epidemiology , Adult , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Hyperostosis/surgery , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Reoperation , Rhinitis/surgery , Sinusitis/surgery
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL