The Case Against the Doctors: Gender, Authority, and Critical Science Writing in the 1960s.

In the 1960s, widespread popular-cultural deference to the authority of science and medicine in the United States began to wane as a generation of journalists and activists reevaluated and criticized researchers and physicians. This article uses the career of feminist journalist Barbara Seaman to show the role that the emerging genre of critical science writing played in this broader cultural shift. First writing from her position as a mother, then as the wife of a physician, and finally as a credentialed science writer, Seaman advanced through distinct categories of journalistic authority throughout the 1960s. An investigation of Seaman's early years in the profession also vividly demonstrates the roles that gender and professional expertise played in both constricting and permitting new forms of critique during this era.

Nutrition from the Inside Out.

Nearly 50 years ago, I set out to investigate the clinical problem of hypoglycemia in children with illnesses that limited their food intake. My goal was to gather accurate and precise measurable data. At the time, I wasn't interested in nutrition as a discipline defined in its more general or popular sense. To address the specific problem that interested me required development of entirely new methods based on stable, nonradioactive tracers that satisfied the conditions of accuracy and precision. At the time, I had no inclination of the various theoretical and practical problems that would have to be solved to achieve this goal. Some are briefly described here. Nor did I have the slightest idea that developing the field would result in a fundamental change in how human clinical investigation was conducted, with the eventual replacement of radiotracers with stable isotopically labeled ones, even for adult clinical investigation. Additionally, I had no inclination that the original questions would open avenues to much broader questions of practical nutritional relevance. Moreover, only much later as the editor of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition did I appreciate the policy implications of how nutritional data are presented in the scientific literature. At least in part, less accurate and precise measurements and less than full transparency in reporting nutritional data have resulted in widespread debate about the public policy recommendations and guidelines that are the intended result of collecting the data in the first place. This article provides a personal recollection (with all the known faults of self-reporting and retrospective memory) of the journey that starts with measurement certainty and ends with policy uncertainty.

[Ignác Semmelweis and the Hungarian Medical Weekly Journal]. / Semmelweis Ignác és az Orvosi Hetilap.

Ignác Semmelweis did not publish his discovery in Vienna - i.e., that the puerperal fever may be prevented by careful washing of the hand in chlorine solution (asepsis) - for ten years. The Medical Weekly started its publications edited by Lajos Markusovszky in Pest in 1857. Semmelweis as a professor of theoretical and practical obstetrics at the University of Pest published a study about puerperal fever in the first volume, and Hungarian physicians became familiar with Semmelweis' opinion from this medical journal. Semmelweis was not only an author of the Medical Weekly, but he also edited a supplement of the Medical Weekly entitled Gynaecology and Paediatry. The Medical Weekly published regular accounts of the work of the clinic written by lecturers of Semmelweis and articles describing the most interesting cases of the clinic. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(26): 1065-1070.

Sixty years of CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

The first issue of CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians was published in November of 1950. On the 60th anniversary of that date, we briefly review several seminal contributions to oncology and cancer control published in our journal during its first decade.

Similar challenges but different responses: Media coverage of measles vaccination in the UK and China.

For several decades scholars have studied media reporting on scientific issues that involve controversy. Most studies so far have focused on the western world. This article tries to broaden the perspective by considering China and comparing it to a western country. A content analysis of newspaper coverage of vaccination issues in the UK and China shows, first, that the government-supported 'mainstream position' dominates the Chinese coverage while the British media frequently refer to criticism and controversy. Second, scientific expertise in the British coverage is represented by experts from the health and science sector but by experts from health agencies in the Chinese coverage. These results are discussed with respect to implications for risk communication and scientists' involvement in public communication.

Odo Bujwid - an eminent Polish bacteriologist and professor at the Jagiellonian University.

To celebrate the 650th Jubilee of the Jagiellonian University, we would like to give an outline of the life and work of Odo Bujwid, known as the father of Polish bacteriology. The intention of the authors is to recall the beginnings of Polish bacteriology, the doyen of which was Professor Odo Bujwid, a great Polish scholar who also served as a promoter of bacteriology, a field created in the 19th century. He published about 400 publications, including approx. 200 in the field of bacteriology. He is credited with popularizing the research of the fathers of global bacteriology - Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur - and applying it practically, as well as educating Polish microbiologists who constituted the core of the scientific staff during the interwar period.

["What do physicians really read?" Medical journals and pharma-marketing between 1900 and the late 1970s]. / "Was lesen Arzte wirklich?". Medizinische Zeitschriften und Pharma-Marketing von 1900 bis zum Ende der 1970er Jahre.

Scientific Journals are widely used sources in the history science. First and foremost they are analyzed under the aspect of professionalization and the development of scientific topics. However, the impact of the increasing number of advertisements on the journals has been almost systematically excluded from historical analysis. The paper analyses the relations between pharma marketing and medical journals. However, the emphasis here is not so much on the development of print advertisements. Instead the paper uses sources, which were produced in the process of marketing to access the history of the medical scientific journal, its change and its reception by physicians.

History of the Nordic psychiatric cooperation.

The Nordic countries include Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden as well the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Svalbard and Åland. The countries share much common history as well as common traits in their respective societies. As early as 1906, a Scandinavian Psychiatric Association was suggested. The first Nordic Psychiatric Congress was held in Copenhagen 1913. After the First World War, at the 6th Nordic Psychiatric Congress in Stockholm 1935, a Nordic Psychiatric Association was founded and it was decided that a Nordic Journal of Psychiatry should be founded. After the Second World War, at the 8th Nordic Psychiatric Congress in Copenhagen 1946, the Nordic Psychiatric Association was terminated. At this time, the most important task of the Association, to found a Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, had been achieved. After 1946, there has been a close cooperation between the Nordic countries but no common Nordic Psychiatric Association. Today, the Nordic Psychiatric Cooperation is active and ongoing. The 30th Nordic Psychiatric Congress is scheduled to be held in Tromsö, in 2012. The Nordic Journal of Psychiatry is publishing its 64 th volume. The Journal is indexed in the important international databases and the impact factor is increasing. The Joint Committee of the Nordic psychiatric associations has established itself as the owner of the Journal and the organizer of the congresses. There are also a series of Nordic cooperations in a series of different fields, such as the Scandinavian Societies of Biological Psychiatry, the Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology (SCNP), the bi-annual Nordic Psychoanalytical Congresses, the Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review, the Nordic Association of Psychiatric Epidemiology, NAPE, and so on.