An Atypical Presentation Of Cutaneous Myiasis Of The Scalp In North Punjab: A Case Report.

Myiasis is an ectoparasitic infestation caused by larvae of arthropods in the group Diptera. Cutaneous myiasis is the infection of skin and includes the following types: furuncular, migratory and wound myiasis. Out of all the organisms responsible for this disease, Wohlfahrtia vigil is the most common causative agent in Pakistan, usually seen from June to September with nearly all presentations occurring at a young age. In our case, a patient without a history of trauma, skin erosion or animal exposure has a unique presentation of cutaneous myiasis. Here, an effort was made to treat a 15- year-old otherwise healthy female with a multisegmented treatment modality. A follow up visit was conducted every three days for three months at the end of which a 60% decrease in the size of the open wound was observed.

A Rare Human Case of External Ophthalmomyiasis due to Oestrus ovis in West China.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis is an infection of the tissues and organs occurring in animals or humans by fly larvae, and human ophthalmic myiasis has been described worldwide. METHODS: We report here a rare case of unilateral severe conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis due to the larvae of Oestrus ovis in Jixi city, Shaanxi province of west China, in which the climate is relatively dry and cold. RESULTS: The larvae were verified as the first instar larvae of Oestrus ovis according to the previously described morphological criteria. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we present an optimal method to identify larvae under a microscope to make images sharper for accurate laboratory diagnosis and preserve the specimen for a long time so that laboratory staff can learn about the rare case, especially in the regions with dry and cold climate like ours, where laboratory staff are not familiar with the disease. Accurate laboratory identification and prompt treatment will provide remarkable benefit to the patients.

Conservative management of post-traumatic cerebral myiasis: Report of a unique case and literature review.

Cerebral myiasis is extremely rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment used. Successful conservative management alone, without surgical removal of the brain infestation has not yet been published. We report a case of a 24-year-old African homeless man who was found on the street in a state of decreased level of consciousness, with larvae exiting from the left supra and postauricular dirty wounds and from his left ear. The patient was diagnosed with post-traumatic cerebral myiasis of the left temporal lobe and cerebellum. It was treated successfully by debridement of the external wounds and administration of antibiotics, without surgical removal of the brain infestations. For the first time, this case illustrates the novelty and appropriateness of the conservative management of cerebral myiasis. This is also the first report of cerebral myiasis with cerebellar involvement and the second report of post-traumatic cerebral myiasis in literature.

Prevalence of tracheopulmonary myiasis amidst humans.

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of live vertebrates with the dipteran larvae that grow within the host while feeding on its living or dead tissue. Human myiasis is prevalent among individuals in close association of domestic animals and those inhabiting the unhygienic conditions. Open neglected suppurative wounds are the favourable sites that attract and stimulate the gravid female flies for oviposition. However, the poor personal hygiene, ignorance and the mental illness further add to it. Tracheopulmonary myiasis involves the infestation of foul smelling nasal and oral orifices or neglected wounds like tracheostomal incisions with the parasitic dipteran larvae which may extend up to the trachea, bronchi and lungs leading to serious health complications. Despite the incidence of human tracheopulmonary infestation is rare, the severe medical impediments and heterogeneous worldwide distribution signify the medical importance of this condition. The present manuscript reviews and summarizes the worldwide reported cases of human tracheopulmonary myiasis and the predisposing risk factors for onset of the same, as future reference for parasitologists and medical professionals.

Aspiration as a Novel Technique to Address Facial and Periocular Myiasis.

Suction aspiration, which has not yet been described in the treatment for myiasis in the periorbital and facial regions, was used to achieve rapid resolution of maggot burden in a 78-year-old patient who presented with a large ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma of the face. This technique also facilitates submission of parasite samples for further analysis. Suction aspiration had no complications, such as significant residual ruptured maggots in the wound or eye injury. Suction aspiration is a safe and efficient technique to reduce maggot burden that has advantages over classic myiasis treatments, especially near the eyes and airway.

Nasal myiasis in patients with disturbance of consciousness: A case report and literature review. / æ„è¯†éšœç¢æ‚£è€ å‘ç”Ÿé¼»è‡è›†ç— 1ä¾‹åŠæ–‡çŒ®å¤ä¹ .

Nasal myiasis is a rare parasitic disease. The growth of myiasis in the nasal cavity causes damage to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Once the dipeterous larvae are migrated, it causes damage to the surrounding structures such as eyes and skull cavity. Proper treatment and active prevention and control can reduce and avoid the occurrence of serious complications. On May 14, 2020, a patient with cerebral infarction and coma was admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and developed nasal myiasis. During the treatment of the primary disease, the patient was found to be infected with rhinomyiasis. The patient was treated with dehydration, cranial pressure reduction, brain protection, blood glucose control, blood pressure control, and anti-infection. Nasal endoscopy and nasal irrigation were carried out to treat nasal myiasis. The patient was properly placed and isolated for prevention and control so as to prevent the spread of myiasis in the ward. After 16 days, the patient regained consciousness, no worm was found in the nasal cavity, and was discharged from the hospital. The patient was followed-up for 6 months, no maggots were found in the nasal cavity of the patients, no complaints of nasal discomfort was occurred, and no other patients and medical staff were infected with myiasis. The prevention of myiasis is very important, and proper measures should be taken to reduce the risk of community and hospital infection.

Domestically Acquired Aural Myiasis in a Tennessee Girl.

We present the rare case of a 12-year-old girl from Tennessee with domestically acquired aural myiasis.

Travelers' tropical skin diseases: Challenges and interventions.

Tropical regions receive a significant part of the traveling population. It is very important that health professionals are familiar with the main tropical skin diseases and able to advice patients appropriately. This article reviews the main tropical diseases of travelers, with an emphasis on diagnosis, management, and prevention. Among others, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, tungiasis, Chagas disease, Dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis, filariasis, and leishmaniasis are discussed. Increasing awareness among travelers and health care professionals can help reduce morbidity and mortality. Continued research on new drugs and vaccines is needed to reduce the risks of tropical diseases.

Cavitary myiasis and its management.

OBJECTIVE: Myiasis is a parasitic disease of humans and vertebrates, caused by fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. Myiasis is classified into cutaneous and cavitary myiasis. Cavitary myiasis is rare and occurs more frequently in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and America associated with low economic status and poor hygiene. This article reviews current literature, provides general descriptions, and discusses life cycles of each species. It also gives diagnosis, treatment techniques and descriptions of each type of illness that result from interaction / infestation.

A Case of Cutaneous Myiasis Caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga Larvae in a Korean Traveler Returning from Central Africa.

The cutaneous myiasis has been rarely reported in the Republic of Korea. We intended to describe here a case of furuncular cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae in a Korean traveler returned from Central Africa. A patient, 55-year-old man, had traveled to Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa for a month and just returned to Korea. Physical examinations showed 2 tender erythematous nodules with small central ulceration on the left buttock and thigh. During skin biopsy, 2 larvae came out from the lesion. C. anthropophaga was identified by paired mouth hooks (toothed, spade-like, oral hooklets) and 2 posterior spiracles, which lack a distinct chitinous rim. Although rarely described in Korea until now, cutaneous myiasis may be encountered more frequently with increasing international travel and exchange workers to tropical areas.

Eyelid inflammation: An uncommon cause in occidental countries.

BACKGROUND: Myiasis designates the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous (two-winged) larvae (maggots) and is the fourth most common travel-associated skin disease. Furuncle is the most common aspect of cutaneous myiasis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old Caucasian female had been back from Cap-Vert. She described pruritus, slight pain, and the sensation of a foreign body moving in the eyelid. Physical examination showed a single furuncle-like nodule with surrounding erythema and a central pore of the upper eyelid through which a serosanguinous fluid was exuding. A larval end was visible to the naked eye through the aforementioned pore. Treatment consisted of the application of petroleum jelly (Vaseline®) to produce localized hypoxia. A transparent occlusive dressing was set for a duration of 2 h. The larva, Cordylobia antropophaga, spontaneously externalized to breathe and was extracted. DISCUSSION: There is an increase in travelers returning from tropical countries. Consequently, travel-associated dermatoses are increasing in non-endemic countries. Context of travel and typical clinical presentation strongly suggested to evoke a cutaneous myiasis. The typical furuncular lesion is a papule or nodule with a central punctum that exudes serosanguinous or purulent fluid. Ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment consists of three techniques: methods producing localized hypoxia to force emergence of the larvae, application of toxic substances to the eggs and larvae, and mechanical or surgical debridement. Surgery and antibiotics are usually unnecessary. Prevention of furunculous myiasis is based on vector control and individual actions to improve hygiene.

Nasal Myiasis in Hinduism and Contemporary Otorhinolaryngology.

Various case reports on nasal myiasis written during the 1990s and 2000s state that nasal myiasis, which is known as peenash among South Asian natives, is a form of divine punishment in Hindu mythology, but do not provide citations from Hindu scriptures that would suggest this interpretation. This paper aims to discuss the phenomenon of peenash in a historical context by examining medical literature written during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to identify Hindu texts contributing to the belief of some Hindus that nasal myiasis is a form of divine punishment, and to provide an overview of contemporary treatment for and management of nasal myiasis.

Neglect leads to extremes: maggots and malignancy in a case of discoid lupus erythematosus.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus that runs an indolent course. The rare complications of DLE include scarring, mutilation, non-healing ulceration, cicatricial alopecia and malignancy. DLE progresses to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in around 5% of localized cases and 22% of generalized cases. We report a case of DLE, presenting with a six-month history of ulcerated fungating plaques and small crusted nodules superimposed on DLE plaques over both the forearms. Two weeks prior to the presentation, maggots were also noticed on these plaques. Skin biopsies from these lesions were suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and keratoacanthoma. A wide surgical excision of the tumor followed by partial split-thickness skin grafting was performed with complete healing of the lesions. No recurrence has been noted 18 months from follow-up.

Canine Wound Myiasis Caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Korea.

Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6-8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.

Myiasis of the ear: a review with entomological aspects for the otolaryngologist.

OBJECTIVE: Myiasis is the infestation of live humans (or animals) by fly larvae. Although the diagnosis is relatively straightforward, how to best treat aural myiasis has not been well described in the literature. This comprehensive literature review, therefore, was performed to identify current management principles in aural myiasis, especially with regard to the causative fly family. In addition, we explore the possible relationship between aural myiasis and the highly lethal intracranial myiasis. DATA SOURCES: Literature review using the Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS: Manuscripts published in the English language between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2012, were included. RESULTS: Forty-five cases of aural myiasis were reported in 34 manuscripts. Most cases were caused by species of the Sarcophagidae family (n=26/45, 57.8%). The majority of cases (n=40/45, 88.9%) were successfully treated with simple aural toilet and topical treatments alone. No deaths were reported and no cases were seen in conjunction with intracranial myiasis. CONCLUSION: Aural myiasis is a rare but benign fly infestation of the ear, most commonly by species of the Sarcophagidae family. The overwhelming majority of cases can be successfully managed without the need for surgical intervention.

Myiasis on squamous cell carcinoma of skin.

Advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a challenge for treatment. It is also a risk factor for unintended infestation with diptera larvae (maggots) known as myiasis. We performed a retrospective investigation in our files from 2001 to 2014 and identified three patients with SCC-associated myiasis (three men). In all three cases, Lucilia spp. were found. A literature review using PUBMED revealed another 12 cases of SCC-associated myiasis due to different species. It is not only a disease of older age, as two of the patients were in their 20s. The male to female ratio was 2 to 1. Wound myiasis and cavity myiasis were seen in half of the cases each. Pain, bleeding, and infection were possible symptoms due to infestation but not all patients reported complaints. Treatment aims to completely remove all maggots and to prevent secondary tissue damage with blindness due to eye ball destruction as one of the worst.

Cutaneous myiasis of scalp in a young girl related to Musca domestica.

Cutaneous myiasis is a parasitic disease secondary to the presence of the larvae of certain insects, particularly diptera, in the skin of man or vertebrates [1]. Human myiasis is a rare clinical condition, but more frequently seen in tropical and subtropical areas. Hot humid climate with inadequate sanitary conditions favor the development of this condition. Dermatitis, psychiatric illnesses, leprosy, and diabetes are some contributory factors [2]. Treatment of myiasis, once diagnosed, is simple and rapid recovery is anticipated.

Furuncular myiasis in 2 American travelers returning from Senegal.

Furuncular myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae is commonly seen in Africa but rarely is diagnosed in travelers returning from the sub-Saharan region. We report 2 cases of furuncular myiasis due to Cordylobia species in adolescent American travelers returning from Senegal.