Authentic leadership, organizational culture and the effects of hospital quality management practices on quality of care and patient satisfaction.

AIM: To examine the influence of hospital culture and authentic leadership on the effects of quality improvement practices on patient satisfaction. BACKGROUND: Nurses in formal leadership roles shape and are shaped by organizational culture to achieve high performance standards to influence quality of care. DESIGN: Using structural equation modelling, we tested a model on quality improvement practices across three participant groups that differed based on authentic leadership and hospital culture. METHODS: We used survey data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 measuring nurse. Managers' perceptions of authentic leadership, implementation of quality improvement, and organizational culture in Canadian hospitals. RESULTS: 226 nurse managers participated. Our model estimations fit for the high-relational group and mixed group. Our model explained 50.7% and 39.5% variance in our outcome variable of patient satisfaction for the high-relational group and mixed group, respectively. Our model failed to fit the low-relational group. CONCLUSION: Authentic leadership and developmental/group hospital cultures improve quality management practices, quality of care and patient satisfaction. In organizations with low authentic leadership and hierarchical/rational cultures, strategies should target increasing authentic leadership and shifting to developmental cultures. Organizations with high authentic leadership and/or developmental/group cultures should target employee engagement, autonomy and teamwork. IMPACT: We examined how different combinations of authentic leadership and hospital culture influence the effects of quality management practices on quality improvement and patient satisfaction. Findings demonstrate that having both high authentic leadership and developmental or group hospital cultures are essential for quality improvement practices to enhance the quality of care and patient satisfaction. These organizations would benefit the most from systemic programs aimed at standardizing quality management practices as they have the culture and leadership to support these practices. For hospitals with hierarchical/rational cultures and/or low authentic leadership, enhancing hospital culture and leadership through leadership training and accreditation programs is critically needed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The College and Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta contributed to this study by facilitating data collection and supporting the conduct of the study through messaging to its members.

Nursing engagement in research priorities focused on health systems and services in Latin America countries.

BACKGROUND: A strong nursing research agenda in Latin America is fundamental to universal health coverage. Nursing science can make important contributions to the health of Latin American people through knowledge generation that directly informs nursing practice, professional education, and health policy. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional survey design to assess nursing involvement in health systems and services research in Latin America in five priority areas: Policies and education related to nursing human resources; Structure, organization and dynamics of health systems and services; Science, technology, innovation, and information systems in public health; Health policies, governance, and social control; and Social studies in the health field. RESULTS: Nursing and midwifery participants (N = 856) from Latin American countries completed the survey. Respondents who reported conducting research focused primarily on Policies and Education related to Nursing Human Resources and Structure, Organization, and Dynamics of Health Systems and Services. Across the five priority areas, more nurses reported using research findings and/or being aware of research than conducting research. CONCLUSIONS: Survey results indicate that nursing research in Latin America is currently disproportionately focused on nursing education and practice. More research focused on information technology, nurse's impact on public health, and the threats posed by nurse migration is needed to better address health needs of Latin American populations.

[Interprofessional health education in the Region of the Americas from a nursing perspectiveEducação interprofissional em saúde na Região das Américas na perspectiva da enfermagem]. / Educación interprofesional en salud en la Región de las Américas desde la perspectiva de la enfermería.

This study presents a reflective analysis of the implementation of interprofessional education in undergraduate nursing courses, considering as an example the curricula of undergraduate nursing careers in Brazil. Despite investments to advance interprofessional education, its practice is not institutionalized in the curricula of undergraduate courses. These findings represent a limitation for the implementation of interprofessional education in nursing courses, and the case of Brazil allows to learn lessons for the education of nursing professionals in other countries of the Region of the Americas. Recommendations are provided for training, management and intersectoral articulation of health and education services, with emphasis on primary health care and the Sustainable Development Goals, aimed at educational institutions wishing to implement interprofessional education.

Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise reflexiva sobre a implementação da educação interprofissional em cursos de graduação em enfermagem, considerando como exemplo os currículos dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil. Apesar dos investimentos para avançar a educação interprofissional, sua prática não está institucionalizada nos currículos de graduação. Esses achados representam uma limitação para a implementação da educação interprofissional em cursos de enfermagem, e o caso do Brasil fornece lições para a formação de profissionais de enfermagem em outros países da Região das Américas. Medidas de treinamento, gestão e articulação intersetorial de serviços de saúde e educação, com ênfase nos cuidados primários de saúde e nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, são recomendadas para instituições educacionais que desejam implementar a educação interprofissional.

Progress Test in nursing: perspectives for undergraduate education.

OBJECTIVE: to reflect on the perspectives of adopting the Progress Test in undergraduate nursing education. METHODS: this is a reflective study, based on authors' critical thinking and supported by national and international literature on the Progress Test application in undergraduate health courses. RESULTS: the Progress Test is as a valuable teaching-learning strategy, with potential applications and benefits for students, professors, and academic management. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: systematic nursing education assessment indicates valuable information for different stakeholders. Understanding its potential benefits, the Progress Test is presented as a strategy that can be replicated in undergraduate nursing education, either individually, by institutions, or collaboratively, by the establishment of partnerships or consortiums of institutions.

Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evidence on the influence of Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period. METHODS: Integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS databases on the use of Lean and/or Six Sigma to optimize perioperative processes. The studies included were analyzed in three thematic categories: flow of surgical patients, work process and length of stay. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of ten studies, which covered all operative periods. Lean and/or Six Sigma make a significant contribution to optimizing perioperative processes. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Lean and/or Six Sigma optimize perioperative processes to maximize the achievement of system stability indicators, making it possible to identify potential problems in order to recognize them and propose solutions that can enable the institution of patient-centered care.

Implementation of the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test: experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of implementing the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test. METHOD: This is an experience report of the consortium's work in Progress Test preparation and application for Public Schools of Nursing in São Paulo in 2019, 2021 and 2022, with a descriptive analysis of the work process and the results obtained. RESULTS: The consortium's activities are structured into the following stages: planning; theme review; distributing and requesting questions; professor training; question elaboration; question reception; question selection; question validation; student registration; test application; analysis and dissemination of results. A total of 57.3% of enrolled students participated. There was a predominance of questions of medium difficulty and a gradual progression in the level of discrimination of the questions, with, in 2022, 82.5% being considered adequate. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The consortium has allowed the test to be applied interinstitutionally, with greater scope, accuracy, and quality of questions. Through this experience, it is expected to encourage progress testing in undergraduate nursing courses in other contexts.

Occurrence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the incidence of preventable adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: observational, analytical, retrospective study based on medical records review. RESULTS: medical records from 370 patients were evaluated, 58 of whom had at least one adverse event. The incidence of adverse events corresponded to 15.7%. Adverse events were predominantly related to healthcare-related infection (47.1%) and procedures (24.5%). Regarding the adverse event severity, 13.7% were considered mild, 51.0% moderate, and 35.3% severe. 99% of adverse events were classified as preventable. Patients admitted to the emergency room had a 3.73 times higher risk for adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: this study's results indicate a high incidence of avoidable adverse events and highlight the need for interventions in care practice.

Authentic Leadership Questionnaire applied to Brazilian nurses: evidence of validity. / Authentic Leadership Questionnaire aplicado a enfermeiros brasileiros: evidências de validade.

OBJECTIVE: to establish the psychometric properties of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) applied to Brazilian nurses. METHOD: cross-sectional observational study with a non-probabilistic sample. The psychometric properties of the RATER and SELF versions of the ALQ were calculated using confirmatory factor analysis with the WLSMV robust estimation method. The following indices were used to assess the goodness-of-fit of the model: chi-square by degrees of freedom (χ2/df), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMR). Data reliability was analyzed using the ordinal coefficient alpha and composite reliability. RESULTS: 181 nurses participated of the study (female gender: 80.1%; mean age of 34.6 years; working time of less than five years: 76.3%). The complete ALQ RATER and ALQ SELF models did not present an adequate fit. Therefore, the refined models presented a better fit to the sample data (ALQ RATER: χ2/df=2.77; CFI=0.97; TLI=0.97; RMSEA=0.10; SRMR=0.05; ALQ SELF: χ2/df=2.74; CFI=0.94; TLI=0.92; RMSEA=0.10; SRMR=0.08). In the ALQ RATER model, items 1, 7 and 13 were excluded. Due to the high correlation between the factors Relational Transparency and Moral Perspective, a three-factor model based on the combination of the factors mentioned above was proposed. In the ALQ SELF model, items 2, 5, 9 and 10 were excluded. Likewise, a three-factor model based on the combination of two factors, now called Self-Awareness Balance, was proposed. CONCLUSION: the data obtained with the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire with Brazilian nurses were valid and reliable.

Authentic leadership in the educational system and in nursing education: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify and analyze the knowledge produced in literature about authentic leadership in the educational system, as well as in nursing education. METHODS: an integrative review, carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, ERIC, LILACS databases. Articles that addressed authentic leadership in the educational system from a general perspective and within the nursing scope, as well as teaching practices of this leadership model, were eligible. RESULTS: twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria, most published in 2019, highlighting studies in the context of teaching, with a predominance in the nursing course and which were synthesized into three thematic categories. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it was found that the higher the levels of authentic leadership in the educational system, the higher the rates of other positive factors related to it, such as trust, involvement, academic optimism, responsibility, creativity, among others.

Concepts and issues related to adolescent health in nursing education. / Conceitos e temas relacionados à saúde do adolescente na formação em enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. METHOD: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. CONCLUSION: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.(1) 31.6% of faculty have no specific education in adolescent health. (2) 18.9% of faculty have no educational/pedagogical training. (3) Progress is needed in the use of active methodologies and interactive multimedia. (4) Knowledge of laws and policies for the adolescent population must be expanded. (5) Current and relevant adolescent health issues need to be addressed in nursing education.

Expenses of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Health Regional Offices of the State of São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expenses of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Health Regional Offices of the State of São Paulo. METHODS: An ecological, retrospective cohort, with analysis of hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the state of São Paulo, from 2014 to 2018, compiled by the Hospital Information System. Data were extracted using the Tabwin application and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: There was a 14.49% reduction in the amount spent on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. There were reductions in the frequency of hospitalizations (-1.26) and hospital stay (-0.54), and an increase in the occurrence of deaths (8.02). The Regional Offices of Barretos, Taubaté and Araraquara showed an increase in expenses in the period, by 37.86%, 15.38% and 3.78%, respectively, while all other Regional Offices showed a reduction; in that, the most significant were in Bauru (-31.90%), São João da Boa Vista (-26.18%), Presidente Prudente (-21.00%) and São Paulo (-19.17%). The value of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions showed a strong and positive correlation with the variables frequency and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The results pointed to a difference in the amounts spent on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Regional Offices, although there was no difference in the frequency and duration of these hospitalizations. The expansion of Primary Health Care resources is a possible element for reducing the frequency and spending on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions; nonetheless, it is necessary to consider other factors, such as social determinants and the organization of health services.

Expenditure on psychiatric hospitalizations in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: a descriptive ecological study, 2014 and 2019. / Gastos com internações psiquiátricas no estado de São Paulo: estudo ecológico descritivo, 2014 e 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze expenditure on psychiatric hospitalizations in the State of São Paulo in 2014 and 2019. METHODS: This was a descriptive ecological study, with analysis of data on psychiatric hospital admissions in the State of São Paulo, retrieved from the Hospital Information System. RESULTS: 115,652 hospitalizations that occurred in 2014 and 79,355 that occurred in 2019 were analyzed (reduction of 31.38%). There were reductions in the amounts spent on psychiatric hospitalizations (-42.94%), in particular expenditure on urgency hospitalizations, on female patients (-46.46%), on people aged 15-49 years (-36.85%) and on those aged over 50 years (-51.54%). CONCLUSION: The reduction in expenditure on psychiatric hospitalizations and the reduction in their frequency provide elements for the assessment and allocation of resources for mental health care, within the scope of hospital admissions and use of community-based services.

Incidence and preventability of adverse events in adult patients admitted to a Brazilian teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and preventability of adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to a Brazilian teaching hospital. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study, in which the incidence and preventability of adverse events related to health care were based on a two-stage retrospective review of 368 medical records (nurses and pharmacist review of medical records, followed by physicians review of triggered medical records) of adult patients whose hospitalizations occurred during 2015 in a high-complexity public teaching hospital located in Brazil. Data were collected from February 2018 to February 2019. RESULTS: A total of 266 adverse events were observed in 124 patients. The incidence of adverse events related to health care was 33.7% (95% CI 0.29-0.39), and the incidence density was 4.97 adverse events per 100 patient-days. Adverse events were responsible for 701 additional days of hospitalization, and the estimated length of additional hospital stay attributable to them was, on average, 6.8 days per event. The most common types of events were related to general care (60; 22.6%), medications (50; 18.8%), nosocomial infection (35; 13.2%), any other type (11; 4.1%), and diagnoses (2; 0.8%). Regarding the severity of adverse events, it was found that 168 (63.2%) were mild, 55 (20.7%) were moderate, and 43 (16.2%) were severe. In addition, it was estimated that 155 (58.3%) events were preventable. The length of a patient's hospital stay was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of adverse events (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.39). CONCLUSIONS: Through knowledge of the incidence, nature, severity, preventability, and risk factors for the occurrence of adverse events, it is possible to create the opportunities to prioritize the implementation of strategies for mitigating specific events based on reliable data and concrete information.

Assessment of the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the scientific production related to the use of the retrospective chart review methods to assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals. METHOD: An integrative review in the MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE databases conducted in May 2019 with the following guiding question: What is known about the retrospective chart review methods to assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals? Subsequently, the categorization, synthesis, and classification of the evidence levels of the included publications were performed. RESULTS: In the 13 selected studies, the instruments adopted to assess the occurrence of adverse events were the Harvard Medical Practice Study, the Canadian Adverse Event Study, the Quality in Australian Health Care Study, and the Global Trigger Tool. Incidence ranged from 5.7 to 14.2%, while preventability ranged from 31 to 83%. CONCLUSION: Differences in incidence and preventability were found, showing different results in the quality of care provided, the information registered in medical records, the screening criteria used, and the assessments of the reviewers.

Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period: an integrative review / Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el periodo perioperatorio: revisión integradora / Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no período perioperatório: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the evidence on the influence of Lean and/or Six Sigma for process optimization in the perioperative period. Methods: Integrative review carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS databases on the use of Lean and/or Six Sigma to optimize perioperative processes. The studies included were analyzed in three thematic categories: flow of surgical patients, work process and length of stay. Results: The final sample consisted of ten studies, which covered all operative periods. Lean and/or Six Sigma make a significant contribution to optimizing perioperative processes. Final considerations: Lean and/or Six Sigma optimize perioperative processes to maximize the achievement of system stability indicators, making it possible to identify potential problems in order to recognize them and propose solutions that can enable the institution of patient-centered care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la influencia del Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el periodo perioperatorio. Métodos: Es una revisión integradora llevada a cabo en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus y LILACS, sobre la utilización del Lean y/o Six Sigma para optimizar los procesos en el perioperatorio. Los estudios incluidos se analizaron en tres categorías temáticas: flujo de pacientes quirúrgicos, proceso de trabajo y tiempo de la estancia. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo formada por diez estudios, los cuales contemplaron todos los períodos operatorios. Lean y/o Six Sigma contribuyen grandemente para mejorar los procesos en el perioperatorio. Consideraciones finales: Lean y/o Six Sigma optimizan los procesos perioperatorios al maximizar el alcance de los indicadores de estabilidad de los sistemas, facilitando la identificación de problemas potenciales para reconocer y proponer soluciones que ayuden a instituir un cuidado más centrado en el paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências acerca da influência do Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no período perioperatório. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus e LILACS, a respeito do uso do Lean e/ou Six Sigma para otimização de processos no perioperatório. Os estudos incluídos foram analisados em três categorias temáticas: fluxo de pacientes cirúrgicos, processo de trabalho e tempo de permanência. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por dez estudos, os quais contemplaram todos os períodos operatórios. Lean e/ou Six Sigma contribuem de forma expressiva para a otimização dos processos no perioperatório. Considerações finais: Lean e/ou Six Sigma otimizam processos perioperatórios em vista da maximização do alcance de indicadores de estabilidade dos sistemas, tornando possível a identificação de potenciais problemas para o reconhecimento e proposição de soluções que possam viabilizar a instituição de um cuidado centrado no paciente.

Implementation of the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test: experience report / Implementación del Consorcio de Cursos de Enfermería de São Paulo para la Prueba de Progreso: relato de experiencia / Implementação do Consórcio dos Cursos de Enfermagem Paulistas para o Teste de Progresso: relato de experiência

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of implementing the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test. Method: This is an experience report of the consortium's work in Progress Test preparation and application for Public Schools of Nursing in São Paulo in 2019, 2021 and 2022, with a descriptive analysis of the work process and the results obtained. Results: The consortium's activities are structured into the following stages: planning; theme review; distributing and requesting questions; professor training; question elaboration; question reception; question selection; question validation; student registration; test application; analysis and dissemination of results. A total of 57.3% of enrolled students participated. There was a predominance of questions of medium difficulty and a gradual progression in the level of discrimination of the questions, with, in 2022, 82.5% being considered adequate. Final considerations: The consortium has allowed the test to be applied interinstitutionally, with greater scope, accuracy, and quality of questions. Through this experience, it is expected to encourage progress testing in undergraduate nursing courses in other contexts.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de implementación del Consorcio de Cursos de Enfermería de São Paulo para la Prueba de Progreso. Método: Se trata de un relato de experiencia del trabajo del consorcio en la elaboración y aplicación de la Prueba de Progreso para las Escuelas Públicas de Enfermería de São Paulo en los años 2019, 2021 y 2022, con un análisis descriptivo del proceso de trabajo y de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Las actividades del consorcio se estructuran en las siguientes etapas: planificación; revisión de temas; distribución y solicitud de preguntas; capacitación de docentes; elaboración de preguntas; recepción de preguntas; selección de preguntas; validación de preguntas; registro de estudiantes; aplicación de la prueba; análisis y difusión de resultados. Participaron el 57,3% de los estudiantes matriculados. Hubo un predominio de preguntas de dificultad media y una progresión gradual en el nivel de discriminación de las preguntas, considerándose adecuadas en 2022 un 82,5%. Consideraciones finales: El consorcio ha permitido que la prueba sea aplicada de manera interinstitucional, con mayor alcance, precisión y calidad de preguntas. A través de esta experiencia, se espera fomentar la realización de la prueba de progreso en cursos de pregrado en enfermería en otros contextos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da implementação do Consórcio dos Cursos de Enfermagem Paulistas para o Teste de Progresso. Método: Trata-se de relato de experiência da atuação do consórcio na elaboração e aplicação do Teste de Progresso para as Escolas de Enfermagem Públicas Paulistas nos anos de 2019, 2021 e 2022, com análise descritiva do processo de trabalho e dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: As atividades do consórcio estão estruturadas nas seguintes etapas: planejamento; revisão de temas; distribuição e solicitação de questões; capacitação de docentes; elaboração de questões; recepção de questões; seleção de questões; validação de questões; inscrição de estudantes; aplicação do teste; análise e divulgação de resultados. Participaram 57,3% dos estudantes matriculados. Houve predomínio de questões de média dificuldade e progressão gradual do nível de discriminação das questões, sendo que, em 2022, 82,5% foram consideradas adequadas. Considerações finais: O consórcio tem permitido a aplicação do teste de forma interinstitucional, com maior abrangência, acurácia e qualidade das questões. Por meio dessa experiência, espera-se fomentar a realização do teste de progresso em cursos de graduação em enfermagem em outros contextos.

Influência da liderança do enfermeiro na segurança dos pacientes: uma revisão integrativa / Influencia del liderazgo del enfermero en la seguridad de los pacientes: una revisión integrativa / Influence of nurse leadership on patient safety: an integrative review

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento produzido na literatura acerca da influência da liderança do enfermeiro na segurança dos pacientes internados em hospitais. Método: revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus e Web of Science. Incluíram-se artigos originais publicados entre 2017 e 2022, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Excluíram-se teses, dissertações, editoriais e revisões. Analisou-se a amostra de 1610 artigos. Resultados: com base nos 12 artigos incluídos, elencaram-se três categorias: influência da liderança na equipe para garantir a segurança do paciente; consequências da influência da liderança na segurança do paciente; estilos/modelos de liderança que influenciam a segurança do paciente. Conclusão: equipes de enfermagem são influenciadas pelas suas lideranças; portanto, uma cultura de segurança consolidada é nutrida por uma liderança eficaz, comprometida, que prioriza e apoia práticas e comportamentos seguros apoiados em estilos de liderança positivos e contemporâneos no alcance de uma assistência qualificada e segura.

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento producido en la literatura acerca de la influencia del liderazgo del enfermero en la seguridad de los pacientes internados en hospitales. Método: revisión integrativa con búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos originales publicados entre 2017 y 2022, en los idiomas portugués, inglés o español. Se excluyeron tesis, disertaciones, editoriales y revisiones. Se analizó la muestra de 1610 artículos. Resultados: con base en los 12 artículos incluidos, se enumeraron tres categorías: influencia del liderazgo en el equipo para garantizar la seguridad del paciente; consecuencias de la influencia del liderazgo en la seguridad del paciente; estilos/modelos de liderazgo que influyen en la seguridad del paciente. Consideraciones finales: los equipos de enfermería están influenciados por sus líderes; por lo tanto, una cultura de seguridad consolidada se nutre de un liderazgo eficaz, comprometida, que prioriza y apoya prácticas y comportamientos seguros apoyados en estilos de liderazgo positivos y contemporáneos en el alcance de una asistencia cualificada y segura.

Objective: to identify the knowledge produced in the literature about the influence of nurse leadership on the safety of hospitalized patients. Method: integrative review with search in LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original articles published between 2017 and 2022 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Theses, dissertations, editorials and reviews were excluded. The sample of 1610 articles was analyzed. Results: based on the 12 articles included, three categories were listed: influence of leadership on the team to ensure patient safety; consequences of leadership influence on patient safety; leadership styles/models that influence patient safety. Final considerations: nursing teams are influenced by their leadership; therefore, a consolidated safety culture is nurtured by effective leadership, committed, prioritizing and supporting safe practices and behaviors supported by positive and contemporary leadership styles in achieving qualified and safe care.

Occurrence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals: a retrospective study / Incidencia y evitabilidad de acontecimientos adversos en hospitales: un estudio retrospectivo / Ocorrência e evitabilidade de eventos adversos em hospitais: estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the incidence of preventable adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Brazil. Methods: observational, analytical, retrospective study based on medical records review. Results: medical records from 370 patients were evaluated, 58 of whom had at least one adverse event. The incidence of adverse events corresponded to 15.7%. Adverse events were predominantly related to healthcare-related infection (47.1%) and procedures (24.5%). Regarding the adverse event severity, 13.7% were considered mild, 51.0% moderate, and 35.3% severe. 99% of adverse events were classified as preventable. Patients admitted to the emergency room had a 3.73 times higher risk for adverse events. Conclusions: this study's results indicate a high incidence of avoidable adverse events and highlight the need for interventions in care practice.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la incidencia de eventos adversos evitables relacionados al cuidado de la salud en pacientes adultos internados en hospitales públicos brasileños. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: se evaluaron las historias clínicas de 370 pacientes, 58 de los cuales sufrieron al menos un evento adverso. La incidencia de eventos adversos correspondió al 15,7%. Los eventos adversos estaban relacionados, principalmente, con: infecciones por asistencia sanitaria (47,1%) y procedimientos (24,5%). Respecto a la gravedad de los eventos adversos, el 13,7% era leve, el 51%, moderado y el 35,3%, grave. Se clasificó como evitable el 99% de los eventos adversos. Los pacientes ingresados en urgencias presentaron un riesgo 3,73 veces mayor de aparición de eventos adversos. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio señalan una incidencia elevada de eventos adversos evitables y resaltan la necesidad de intervenciones en la práctica asistencial.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a incidência de eventos adversos evitáveis relacionados ao cuidado em saúde em pacientes adultos internados em hospitais públicos brasileiros. Métodos: estudo observacional, analítico, de corte retrospectivo, baseado na revisão de prontuários. Resultados: avaliaram-se prontuários de 370 pacientes, dos quais 58 sofreram pelo menos um evento adverso. A incidência de eventos adversos correspondeu a 15,7%. Os eventos adversos foram vinculados: à infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (47,1%) e a procedimentos (24,5%), predominantemente. No que tange à gravidade dos eventos adversos, averiguou-se que 13,7% foram considerados leves, 51,0%, moderados e 35,3%, graves. Classificou-se como evitáveis 99% dos eventos adversos. Pacientes internados em caráter de urgência apresentaram risco 3,73 vezes maior para a ocorrência de um evento adverso. Conclusões: os resultados deste estudo apontam elevada incidência de eventos adversos evitáveis e contribuem para evidenciar a necessidade de intervenções na prática assistencial.

Incidência e evitabilidade de eventos adversos no pronto atendimento: estudo retrospectivo / Incidencia y evitabilidad de eventos adversos en unidad de pronta atención: estudio retrospectivo / Incidence and avoidability of adverse events in emergency care: a retrospective study

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a incidência e a evitabilidade de eventos adversos em pacientes adultos internados em uma unidade de pronto atendimento no município do interior mineiro. Métodos Estudo de coorte, com revisão retrospectiva de 296 prontuários por meio do uso de formulários de rastreamento (fase 1) e avaliação (fase 2), preenchidos por profissionais não médicos e médico, respectivamente. Na primeira fase foram avaliados os dados demográficos, condição clínica dos pacientes, potenciais eventos adversos, e a verificação da qualidade das informações registradas nos prontuários. Na segunda fase, identificou-se e caracterizou-se os eventos adversos previamente rastreados. Resultados Observou-se a predominância de pessoas do sexo masculino, da raça branca, com 60 anos ou mais. A incidência de eventos adversos acumulada foi de 4,4% (n=13), sendo todos considerados evitáveis, e caracterizados como de gravidade leve, em sua maioria. De acordo com a natureza, 81,2% dos eventos adversos estavam relacionados ao cuidado em geral. Já em relação aos fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, encontrou-se uma média de 1,17 e 1,5 por paciente, respectivamente. Constatou-se que 17 pacientes foram identificados com potencial evento adverso, com 22 incidentes na análise. Conclusão Identificou-se que 100% dos eventos adversos eram evitáveis e a maioria relacionados ao cuidado em geral. Esses achados reforçam a necessidade de se avaliar e compreender a incidência e a evitabilidade dos eventos adversos em unidades de pronto atendimento, o que permite o planejamento e implementação de estratégias que visem o desenvolvimento de ações de controle e resposta a estes eventos, garantindo um atendimento seguro e de qualidade.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la incidencia y la evitabilidad de eventos adversos en pacientes adultos internados en una unidad de pronta atención en un municipio del interior del estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos Estudio de cohorte, con revisión retrospectiva de 296 historias clínicas mediante el uso de formularios de rastreo (fase 1) y evaluación (fase 2), completados por profesionales no médicos y médicos, respectivamente. En la primera fase se evaluaron los datos demográficos, la condición clínica de los pacientes, los potenciales eventos adversos y la verificación de la calidad de la información registrada en las historias clínicas. En la segunda fase, se identificaron y caracterizaron los eventos adversos previamente rastreados. Resultados Se observó la predominancia de personas de sexo masculino, de raza blanca, de 60 años o más. La incidencia de eventos adversos acumulada fue del 4,4 % (n=13), todos fueron considerados como evitables y caracterizados de gravedad baja, en su mayoría. De acuerdo con la naturaleza, el 81,2 % de los eventos adversos estuvo relacionado con el cuidado en general. Por otro lado, con relación a los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, se observó un promedio de 1,17 y 1,5 por paciente, respectivamente. Se constató que 17 pacientes fueron identificados con evento adverso potencial, con 22 incidentes en el análisis. Conclusión Se identificó que el 100 % de los eventos adversos era evitable y la mayoría relacionados con el cuidado en general. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de analizar y comprender la incidencia y la evitabilidad de los eventos adversos en unidades de pronta atención, lo que permite la planificación e implementación de estrategias que busquen la elaboración de acciones de control y respuesta a estos eventos, y así garantizar una atención segura y de calidad.

Abstract Objective To analyze the incidence and avoidability of adverse events in adult patients hospitalized in an emergency care unit in the countryside of Minas Gerais. Methods A cohort study, with a retrospective review of 296 medical records using screening (phase 1) and evaluation (phase 2) forms, completed by non-medical professionals and physicians, respectively. In the first phase, the demographic data, clinical condition of the patients, potential adverse events, and the verification of the quality of the information recorded in the medical records were evaluated. In the second phase, previously tracked adverse events were identified and characterized. Results There was a predominance of men, white, aged 60 or older. The cumulative incidence of adverse events was 4.4% (n=13), all of which were considered preventable, and mostly characterized as mild in severity. According to nature, 81.2% of adverse events were related to care in general. In relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, an average of 1.17 and 1.5 per patient, respectively, was found. It was found that a total of 17 patients were identified with potential adverse events, with 22 incidents in the analysis. Conclusion It was identified that 100% of adverse events were preventable and most related to general care. These findings reinforce the need to assess and understand the incidence and preventability of adverse events in emergency care units, which allows for the planning and implementation of strategies aimed at the development of control and response actions to these events, ensuring safe and quality care.