RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Secondary surgical cytoreduction in women with platinum-sensitive, recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian-tube ("ovarian") cancer is widely practiced but has not been evaluated in phase 3 investigation. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who had received one previous therapy, had an interval during which no platinum-based chemotherapy was used (platinum-free interval) of 6 months or more, and had investigator-determined resectable disease (to no macroscopic residual disease) to undergo secondary surgical cytoreduction and then receive platinum-based chemotherapy or to receive platinum-based chemotherapy alone. Adjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel-carboplatin or gemcitabine-carboplatin) and use of bevacizumab were at the discretion of the investigator. The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 485 patients underwent randomization, 240 to secondary cytoreduction before chemotherapy and 245 to chemotherapy alone. The median follow-up was 48.1 months. Complete gross resection was achieved in 67% of the patients assigned to surgery who underwent the procedure. Platinum-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance was administered to 84% of the patients overall and was equally distributed between the two groups. The hazard ratio for death (surgery vs. no surgery) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.72; P = 0.08), which corresponded to a median overall survival of 50.6 months and 64.7 months, respectively. Adjustment for platinum-free interval and chemotherapy choice did not alter the effect. The hazard ratio for disease progression or death (surgery vs. no surgery) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.01; median progression-free survival, 18.9 months and 16.2 months, respectively). Surgical morbidity at 30 days was 9%; 1 patient (0.4%) died from postoperative complications. Patient-reported quality of life decreased significantly after surgery but did not differ significantly between the two groups after recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer, secondary surgical cytoreduction followed by chemotherapy did not result in longer overall survival than chemotherapy alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; GOG-0213 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00565851.).
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Anciano , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Calidad de Vida , Reoperación , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) alive without progression at a landmark time-point of 10 years from diagnosis are likely cured. We report the proportion of patients with Stage III EOC who were long-term disease-free survivors (LTDFS≥10 years) following either intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) chemotherapy as well as the predictors of LTDFS. METHODS: Data from 3 mature NRG/GOG trials (104, 114, 172) were analyzed and included demographics, clinicopathologic details, route of administration, and survival outcomes of patients living ≥10 years assessed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression survival analysis was performed to evaluate independent prognostic predictors of LTDFS. RESULTS: Of 1174 patients randomized, 10-year overall survival (OS) was 26% (95% CI, 23-28%) and LTDFS ≥10 years was 18% (95% CI, 16-20%). Patients with LTDFS ≥10 years had a median age of 54.6 years (p < 0.001). Younger age (p < 0.001) was the only independent prognostic factor for LTDFS≥10 years on multivariate Cox analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 18% of patients were LTDFS ≥10 years. They form the tail end of the survival curve and are likely cured. Our results provide a comparative benchmark to evaluate the impact of PARP inhibitors in 1st line maintenance trials on survival outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Neoplasias Ováricas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
The GOG Foundation, Inc. (GOG-F) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization with the purpose of promoting excellence in the quality and integrity of clinical and basic scientific research in the field of gynecologic malignancies. GOG Partners (GOG-P) is a program of the GOG-F and is positioned alongside NRG Oncology under the GOG-F organizational umbrella. GOG-P operates outside of the federally funded NCI NRG Oncology, a key distinguishing feature. By functioning as a site management organization (SMO), GOG-P provides an additional platform for clinical trial development, mentorship opportunities, patient accrual, and site infrastructure support yielding an expanded gynecologic oncology clinical trials infrastructure in the US. GOG-P has a consistent track record of conducting high quality clinical trials that lead to bringing novel FDA approved treatments for gynecologic cancer. This manuscript summarizes the history and organizational structure of the GOG-P. In addition, we outline the other key supportive programs within the GOG-F that help support the GOG-P effort to perform transformative gynecologic cancer research.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/organización & administración , Industria Farmacéutica/organización & administración , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/terapia , Ginecología/organización & administración , Oncología Médica/organización & administración , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Increasing measures of adiposity have been correlated with poor oncologic outcomes and a lack of response to anti-angiogenic therapies. Limited data exists on the impact of subcutaneous fat density (SFD) and visceral fat density (VFD) on oncologic outcomes. This ancillary analysis of GOG-218, evaluates whether imaging markers of adiposity were predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab (bev) use in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 1249 patients (67%) from GOG-218 with imaging measurements. SFD and VFD were calculated utilizing Hounsfield units (HU). Proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between SFD and VFD with overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Increased SFD and VFD showed an increased HR for death (HR per 1-SD increase 1.12, 95% CI:1.05-1.19 p = 0.0009 and 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20 p = 0.0006 respectively). In the predictive analysis for response to bev, high VFD showed an increased hazard for death in the placebo group (HR per 1-SD increase 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.37; p = 0.025). However, in the bev group there was no effect seen (HR per 1-SD increase: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90-1.14) Median OS was 45 vs 47 months in the VFD low groups and 36 vs 42 months in the VFD high groups on placebo versus bev, respectively. CONCLUSION: High VFD and SFD have a negative prognostic impact on patients with EOC. High VFD appears to be a predictive marker of bev response and patients with high VFD may be more likely to benefit from initial treatment with bev.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Grasa Subcutánea/diagnóstico por imagen , Adiposidad , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/sangre , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/mortalidad , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/sangre , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The US cancer cooperative groups (cooperative groups) were founded in the 1950s to establish a standing infrastructure to conduct multi-institutional cancer clinical trials. Initially funded almost entirely by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), over the years, the research conducted by the Cooperative Groups has evolved to meet the demands of cancer clinical research, with a scope now encompassing trials to advance cancer treatment, cancer control, biomarker development and validation, and health services research, with a corresponding broadening of their funding sources. The cooperative groups are also a critical mechanism for educating the next generation of cancer clinical trialists from many different disciplines. This review outlines the overall mission, structure, and funding of the cooperative groups, beginning in 1955 when they were first established by the NCI, and describes the considerable progress against cancer achieved over the past decade.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/terapia , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional/organización & administración , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Conducta Cooperativa , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cabozantinib is a receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor that targets MET (c-MET), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), RET, AXL, KIT, FLT-3, and TIE-2 and previously showed promising single agent activity in recurrent ovarian cancer. METHODS: This was an open label, 1:1 randomized study of cabozantinib 60â¯mg orally (PO) daily versus weekly paclitaxel 80â¯mg/m2 given 3 out of 4â¯weeks (NCT01716715); 111 patients were enrolled. Eligibility included persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma and at least one but no >3 prior chemotherapy regimens. RESULTS: Median PFS was similar for both treatment groups and was 5.3â¯months for cabozantinib and 5.5â¯months for weekly paclitaxel (HR 1.11 (90% CI 0.77-1.61, pâ¯=â¯0.64)). Secondary analyses of overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) showed that cabozantinib did not perform as well as weekly paclitaxel. Median OS for cabozantinib was 19.4â¯months and was not reached for weekly paclitaxel (HR 2.27 (90% CI 1.17-4.41, pâ¯=â¯0.04). EFS was also worse in the cabozantinib arm, 3.5â¯months, compared to weekly paclitaxel at 5.0â¯months (HR 1.81 (90% CI 1.24-2.63, pâ¯=â¯0.01). Overall response rate (ORR) was less for cabozantinib compared to weekly paclitaxel (7% versus 24.1%). Gastrointestinal toxicities, specifically nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain were worse in the cabozantinib arm. CONCLUSIONS: Median PFS was similar for cabozantinib and weekly paclitaxel. However, OS, EFS, and ORR were worse for cabozantinib compared to weekly paclitaxel. Cabozantinib given at this dose and schedule cannot be recommended as a treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer.
Asunto(s)
Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Piridinas/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare patient/tumor characteristics and outcomes of Asians to Caucasian patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Ancillary data were pooled and analyzed from ten prospective randomized front-line Gynecologic Oncology Group clinical trials from 1996 to 2011. Demographic, clinicopathologic features, disease-specific and all-cause survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 7914 patients, 7641 were Caucasian and 273 Asian. When compared to Caucasians, Asians were younger at trial enrollment, had a better performance status, earlier-stage cancers (17.2% vs. 8.1% with stage I; pâ¯<â¯0.001), and were more likely to be of clear cell (15.8% vs. 6.2%, pâ¯<â¯0.001) and mucinous (3.3% vs. 1.9%, pâ¯<â¯0.001) histology. Asians had an improved 5-year disease-specific survival of 54.1% compared to 46.1% for Caucasians, pâ¯=â¯0.001. In multivariate analysis, the Asian race remained a significant prognostic factor for all-cause survival (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.99; pâ¯=â¯0.04). Other factors predictive of improved survival included younger age, better performance status, optimal cytoreduction, earlier stage, non-clear cell histology, and lower grade tumors. CONCLUSION: Asians enrolled into phase III ovarian cancer clinical trials were younger, with better performance status, earlier-stage of disease, and have a greater number of clear cell and mucinous tumors. After adjusting for these prognostic factors, Asians have a better survival compared to Caucasians.
Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico/estadística & datos numéricos , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Based primarily on studies concerning early-stage tumours (treated surgically), and locally advanced disease (treated with chemoradiation), the prognosis for women with adenocarcinoma (AC) or adenosquamous (AS) carcinoma has been reported to be poorer than those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the cervix. It is unclear whether differences in prognosis also persist in the setting of recurrent or metastatic disease treated using chemotherapy doublets with or without bevacizumab. METHODS: Cases were pooled from three Gynaecologic Oncology Group randomised phase III trials of chemotherapy doublets. Pearson's test was used to evaluate response rate (RR) of AC/AS vs SCCA, Kaplan-Meier method to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the impact of histology on PFS and OS. RESULTS: Of 781 evaluable patients, 77% (N=599) had SCCA and 23% (N=182) AC/AS. There were no significant differences in RRs between histologic subgroups. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death for SCCA vs AC/AS was 1.13 (95% CI 0.93, 1.38 P=0.23). When comparing SC/AS (N=661, 85%) to AC alone (N=120, 15%), the adjusted HR for death was 1.23 (95% CI 0.97, 1.57, P=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: AC/AS and SCCA have similar survival in recurrent or metastatic cervical carcinoma when treated with chemotherapy doublets.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/mortalidad , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patología , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Tasa de Supervivencia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Purpose To assess the accuracy of staging positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in detecting distant metastasis in patients with local-regionally advanced cervical and high-risk endometrial cancer in the clinical trial by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) and the Gynecology Oncology Group (GOG) (ACRIN 6671/GOG 0233) and to compare central and institutional reader performance. Materials and Methods In this prospective multicenter trial, PET/CT and clinical data were reviewed for patients enrolled in ACRIN 6671/GOG 0233. Two central readers, blinded to site read and reference standard, reviewed PET/CT images for distant metastasis. Central review was then compared with institutional point-of-care interpretation. Reference standard was pathologic and imaging follow-up. Test performance for central and site reviews of PET/CT images was calculated and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. Generalized estimating equations and nonparametric bootstrap procedure for clustered data were used to assess statistical significance. Results There were 153 patients with cervical cancer and 203 patients with endometrial cancer enrolled at 28 sites. Overall prevalence of distant metastasis was 13.7% (21 of 153) for cervical cancer and 11.8% (24 of 203) for endometrial cancer. Central reader PET/CT interpretation demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value of 54.8%, 97.7%, 79.3%, and 93.1% for cervical cancer metastasis versus 64.6%, 98.6%, 86.1%, and 95.4% for endometrial cancer, respectively. By comparison, local institutional review demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and negative predictive value of 47.6%, 93.9%, 55.6%, and 91.9% for cervical cancer metastasis and 66.7%, 93.9%, 59.3%, and 95.5% for endometrial cancer, respectively. For central readers, the specificity and PPV of PET/CT detection of cervical and endometrial cancer metastases were all significantly higher compared with that of local institutional review (P < .05). Central reader area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were 0.78 and 0.89 for cervical and endometrial cancer, respectively; these were not significantly different from local institutional AUC values (0.75 and 0.84, respectively; P > .05 for both). Conclusion FDG PET/CT demonstrates high specificity and PPV for detecting distant metastasis in cervical and endometrial cancer and should be included in the staging evaluation. Blinded central review of imaging provides improved specificity and PPV for the detection of metastases and should be considered for future oncologic imaging clinical trials. © RSNA, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Radiofármacos , Neoplasias Uterinas/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Sociedades Médicas , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: CC-002 is a prospective cooperative group study conducted by NRG Oncology to evaluate whether a pre-operative GA-GYN score derived from a predictive model utilizing components of an abbreviated geriatric assessment (GA) is associated with major post-operative complications in elderly women with suspected ovarian, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal or advanced stage papillary serous uterine (GYN) carcinoma undergoing primary open cytoreductive surgery. METHODS: Patients 70â¯years or older with suspected advanced gynecologic cancers undergoing evaluation for surgery were eligible. A GA-GYN score was derived from a model utilizing the GA as a pre-operative tool. Patients were followed for six weeks post-operatively or until start of chemotherapy. Post-operative events were recorded either directly as binary occurrence (yes or no) using CTCAE version 4.0. RESULTS: There were 189 eligible patients, 117 patients with primary surgical intervention and 37 patients undergoing interval cytoreduction surgery. The association between higher GA-GYN score and major postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary surgery was not significant (pâ¯=â¯0.1341). In a subgroup analysis of patients with advanced staged malignant disease who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery, there was a trend towards an association with the GA-GYN score and post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative GA-GYN score derived from a predictive model utilizing components of an abbreviated geriatric assessment was not predictive of major post-operative complications in elderly patients undergoing primary open cytoreductive surgery. However, there was an association between GA-GYN score and post-operative complications in a subgroup of patients with advanced staged malignant disease.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/cirugía , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/patología , Humanos , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We sought to determine the level of concordance among surgeons' assessment of residual disease (RD) and pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) findings among women who underwent optimal surgical cytoreduction for advanced stage ovarian cancer. METHODS: This is a post-trial ad hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of bevacizumab in primary and maintenance therapy for patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer following surgical cytoreduction. All subjects underwent imaging of the chest/abdomen/pelvis to establish a post-surgical baseline prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. Information collected on trial was utilized to compare surgeon's operative assessment of RD, to pre-treatment imaging. RESULTS: Of 1873 enrolled patients, surgical outcome was described as optimal (RD≤1cm) in 639 subjects. Twelve patients were excluded as they did not have a baseline, pretreatment imaging, leaving 627 participants for analysis. The average interval from surgery to baseline scan was 26days (range: 1-109). In 251 cases (40%), the post-operative scan was discordant with surgeon assessment, demonstrating RD>1cm in size. RD>1cm was most commonly identified in the right upper quadrant (28.4%), retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph nodes (RD>1.5cm; 28.2%) and the left upper quadrant (10.7%). Patients with RD>1cm on pre-treatment CT (discordant) exhibited a significantly greater risk of disease progression (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.56; p=0.0059). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients reported to have undergone optimal cytoreduction, 40% were found to have lesions >1cm on postoperative, pretreatment imaging. Although inflammatory changes and/or rapid tumor regrowth could account for the discordance, the impact on PFS and distribution of RD may suggest underestimation by the operating surgeon.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/terapia , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasia Residual/patología , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy doublets are a standard of care for women with ovarian cancer recurring 6 months after completion of initial therapy. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of secondary surgical cytoreduction and bevacizumab in this population, and report the results of the bevacizumab component here. METHODS: The multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 GOG-0213 trial was done in 67 predominantly academic centres in the USA (65 centres), Japan (one centre), and South Korea (one centre). Eligible patients were adult women (aged ≥18 years) with recurrent measurable or evaluable epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer, and a clinical complete response to primary platinum-based chemotherapy, who had been disease-free for at least 6 months following last infused cycle of platinum. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to standard chemotherapy (six 3-weekly cycles of paclitaxel [175 mg/m2 of body surface area] and carboplatin [area under the curve 5]) or the same chemotherapy regimen plus bevacizumab (15 mg/kg of bodyweight) every 3 weeks and continued as maintenance every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Individuals who participated in both the bevacizumab objective and surgical objective (which is ongoing) were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive either of these two chemotherapy regimens with or without prior secondary cytoreductive surgery. Randomisation for the bevacizumab objective was stratified by treatment-free interval and participation in the surgical objective. The primary endpoint was overall survival, analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00565851. FINDINGS: Between Dec 10, 2007, and Aug 26, 2011, 674 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to standard chemotherapy (n=337) or chemotherapy plus bevacizumab (n=377). Median follow-up at the end of the trial on Nov 5, 2014, was 49·6 months in each treatment group (IQR 41·5-62·2 for chemotherapy plus bevacizumab; IQR 40·8-59·3 for chemotherapy), at which point 415 patients had died (214 in the chemotherapy group and 201 in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group). Based on pretreatment stratification data, median overall survival in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group was 42·2 months (95% CI 37·7-46·2) versus 37·3 months (32·6-39·7) in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·829; 95% CI 0·683-1·005; p=0·056). We identified incorrect treatment-free interval stratification data for 45 (7%) patients (equally balanced between treatment groups); a sensitivity analysis of overall survival based on the audited treatment-free interval stratification data gave an adjusted HR of 0·823 (95% CI 0·680-0·996; p=0·0447). In the safety population (all patients who initiated treatment), 317 (96%) of 325 patients in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group had at least one grade 3 or worse adverse event compared with 282 (86%) of 332 in the chemotherapy group; the most frequently reported of these in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group compared with the chemotherapy group were hypertension (39 [12%] vs two [1%]), fatigue (27 [8%] vs eight [2%]), and proteinuria (27 [8%] vs none). Two (1%) treatment-related deaths occurred in the chemotherapy group (infection [n=1] and myelodysplastic syndrome [n=1]) compared with nine (3%) in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group (infection [n=1], febrile neutropenia [n=1], myelodysplastic syndrome [n=1], secondary malignancy [n=1]; deaths not classified with CTCAE terms: disease progression [n=3], sudden death [n=1], and not specified [n=1]). INTERPRETATION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy, followed by maintenance therapy until progression, improved the median overall survival in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Although the intention-to-treat analysis for overall survival was not significant, our sensitivity analysis based on corrected treatment-free interval stratification indicates that this strategy might be an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in these patients. FUNDING: National Cancer Institute and Genentech.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de las Trompas Uterinas/terapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/terapia , Neoplasias Ováricas/terapia , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Bevacizumab/administración & dosificación , Bevacizumab/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carboplatino/efectos adversos , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Paclitaxel/efectos adversos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Synuclein-γ (SNCG) is highly expressed in advanced solid tumors, including uterine serous carcinoma (USC). The objective of the current study was to determine whether SNCG protein was associated with survival and clinical covariates using the largest existing collection of USCs from the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG-8023). METHODS: High-density tissue microarrays (TMAs) of tumor tissues from 313 patients with USC were stained by immunohistochemistry for SNCG, p53, p16, FOLR1, pERK, pAKT, ER, PR, and HER2/neu. Associations of SNCG and other tumor markers with overall and progression-free survival were assessed using log-rank tests and Cox proportional-hazards models, which also were adjusted for age, race, and stage. RESULTS: The overall survival at 5 years was 46% for women with high SNCG expression and 62% for those with low SNCG expression (log-rank P = .021; hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.9 in adjusted Cox model). The progression-free survival rate at 5 years was worse for women who had high SNCG expression, at 40%, compared with 56% for those who had low SNCG expression (log-rank P = .0081; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96-1.92 in adjusted Cox model). High levels of both p53 and p16 were significantly associated with worse overall survival (p53: HR, 4.20 [95% CI, 1.54-11.45]; p16: HR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.01-3.75]) and progression-free survival (p53: HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.09-4.27]; p16: HR, 1.53 [95% CI, 0.87-2.69]) compared with low levels. CONCLUSIONS: This largest collection of USCs to date demonstrates that SNCG was associated with poor survival in univariate analyses. SNCG does not predict survival outcome independent of p53 and p16 in models that jointly consider multiple markers. Cancer 2017;123:1144-1155. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/mortalidad , Neoplasias Uterinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Uterinas/mortalidad , gamma-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patología , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/terapia , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/patología , Neoplasias Uterinas/terapia , gamma-Sinucleína/genéticaRESUMEN
Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with diagnostic contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in detecting lymph node (LN) metastasis in high-risk endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval, and all participants gave written informed consent. Data were accrued between January 2010 and June 2013. Patients underwent PET/CT and pelvic and abdominal lymphadenectomy. Two hundred seven of 215 enrolled patients had PET/CT and pathologic examination results for the abdomen and pelvis. Mean patient age was 62.7 years ± 9.6 (standard deviation). Data in all 23 patients with a positive abdominal examination and in 26 randomly selected patients with a negative abdominal examination were used for this central reader study. Seven independent blinded readers reviewed diagnostic CT and PET/CT results in different sessions 1 month apart. Accuracy was calculated at the participant level, correlating abdominal (right and left para-aortic and common iliac) and pelvic (right and left external iliac and obturator) LN regions with pathologic results, respecting laterality. Reader-average sensitivities, specificities, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of PET/CT and diagnostic CT were compared. Power calculation was for sensitivity and specificity in the abdomen. Results Sensitivities of PET/CT versus diagnostic CT for the detection of LN metastasis were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57, 0.72) versus 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.58) (P = .01) in the abdomen and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.72) versus 0.48 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.56) (P = .004) in the pelvis. Corresponding specificities were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.92) versus 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.96) (P = .11) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.96) versus 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.94) (P = .27), and AUCs were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.89) versus 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.86) (P = .39) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.92) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.84) (P = .02). Conclusion FDG PET/CT has satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in the detection of abdominal LN metastasis in high-risk endometrial cancer. Compared with diagnostic CT alone, addition of PET to diagnostic CT significantly increased sensitivity in both the abdomen and pelvis while maintaining high specificity. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Linfáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Retroperitoneales/secundario , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiofármacos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Surgery is a cornerstone for patients with gynecologic malignancies. Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a source of post-operative morbidity. Consequences range from escalated costs, delay in adjuvant therapy, and increased morbidity. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cyanoacrylate microbial sealant (CMS) to reduce post-operative SSI following laparotomy for suspected gynecologic malignancy. METHODS: Patients were randomized using a 1:1 allocation to receive either standard skin preparation or standard preparation with CMS and stratified by BMI. Patients were followed for 6weeks for SSI. Demographic data was collected through the EMR. Associations between SSI, use of CMS, and clinicopathologic factors were explored using descriptive statistics, chi-square and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 300 patients underwent randomization. Median age of the cohort was 58. Arms were matched and there was no difference in rate of medical comorbidities. Mean BMI was 38.8kg/m2 in patients randomized to BMI≥30 and 26.3kg/m2 randomized to BMI<30. Surgical characteristics for the entire cohort: 66% malignancy, 91% clean-contaminated, 21% bowel surgery, 25% transfusion. Seventy-six (25%) patients developed a SSI: 43 patients (28%) treated with CMS, compared to 33 (21%) patients treated without CMS (p=0.18). Multivariate model demonstrated that BMI≥30 (p<0.005), surgery for malignancy (p=0.010), transfusion in the OR (p<0.001), and closure with staples (p=0.0005) were associated with post-operative SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting to a gynecologic oncologist for surgery frequently present with multiple risk factors for SSI and laparotomy is complicated by surgical-site complications in up to 30% of cases. The addition of CMS alone does not appear to reduce risk of overall SSI. Additional risk-reducing strategies including use of antimicrobial agents and optimization of modifiable risk factors prior to surgery should be explored as pathways for reducing this significant post-operative morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Cianoacrilatos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/cirugía , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Clorhexidina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/terapia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Activating FGFR2 mutations have been identified in ~10% of endometrioid endometrial cancers (ECs). We have previously reported that mutations in FGFR2 are associated with shorter disease free survival (DFS) in stage I/II EC patients. Here we sought to validate the prognostic importance of FGFR2 mutations in a large, multi-institutional patient cohort. METHODS: Tumors were collected as part of the GOG 210 clinical trial "Molecular Staging of Endometrial Cancer" where samples underwent rigorous pathological review and had more than three years of detailed clinical follow-up. DNA was extracted and four exons encompassing the FGFR2 mutation hotspots were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: Mutations were identified in 144 of the 973 endometrioid ECs, of which 125 were classified as known activating mutations and were included in the statistical analyses. Consistent with FGFR2 having an association with more aggressive disease, FGFR2 mutations were more common in patients initially diagnosed with stage III/IV EC (29/170;17%) versus stage I/II EC (96/803; 12%; p=0.07, Chi-square test). Additionally, incidence of progression (progressed, recurred or died from disease) was significantly more prevalent (32/125, 26%) among patients with FGFR2 mutation versus wild type (120/848, 14%; p<0.001, Chi-square test). Using Cox regression analysis adjusting for known prognostic factors, patients with FGFR2 mutation had significantly (p<0.025) shorter progression-free survival (PFS; HR 1.903; 95% CI 1.177-3.076) and endometrial cancer specific survival (ECS; HR 2.013; 95% CI 1.096-3.696). CONCLUSION: In summary, our findings suggest that clinical trials testing the efficacy of FGFR inhibitors in the adjuvant setting to prevent recurrence and death are warranted.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Receptor Tipo 2 de Factor de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/genética , Anciano , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , ADN de Neoplasias/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Exones , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We examined disparities in prognosis between patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SOC). METHODS: We reviewed data from FIGO stage I-IV epithelial ovarian cancer patients who participated in 12 prospective randomized GOG protocols. Proportional hazards models were used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by cell type (clear cell versus serous). RESULTS: There were 10,803 patients enrolled, 9531 were eligible, evaluable and treated with platinum, of whom 544 (6%) had OCCC, 7054 (74%) had SOC, and 1933 (20%) had other histologies and are not included further. In early stage (I-II) patients, PFS was significantly better in OCCC than in SOC patients. For late stage (III, IV) patients, OCCC had worse PFS and OS compared to SOC, OS HR=1.66 (1.43, 1.91; p<0.001). After adjusting for age and stratifying by protocol and treatment arm, stage, performance status, and race, OCCC had a significantly decreased OS, HR=1.53 (1.33, 1.76; p<0.001). In early stage cases, there was a significantly decreased treatment effect on PFS for consolidative therapy with weekly Paclitaxel versus observation in OCCC compared to SOC (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the largest analyses to date of OCCC treated on multiple cooperative group trials. OCCC histology is more common than SOC in early stage disease. When adjusted for prognostic factors, in early stage patients, PFS was better for OCCC than for SOC; however, in late-stage patients, OCCC was significantly associated with decreased OS. Finally, treatment effect was influenced by histology.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/mortalidad , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report clinical and pathologic relationships with disease spread in endometrial cancer patients. METHODS: Surgical candidates with uterine cancer (adenocarcinoma or carcinosarcoma) who were eligible to participate in a surgical pathological study to create a clinically annotated tissue biorepository to support translational and clinical research studies. All patients were to undergo a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. From 2003-2007, open eligibility enrollment was conducted, and from 2007-2011, eligibility was restricted to enrich underrepresented patients or those at high risk. RESULTS: This report details clinical pathological relationships associated with extra uterine disease spread of 5866 evaluable patients including those with endometrioid histology as well as papillary serous, clear cell and carcinosarcoma histologies. Review of unrestricted enrollment was constructed in an effort to capture a cross-section population representative of endometrial cancers seen by the GOG participating members. Evaluation of this group of patients suggested the more natural incidence of different surgical pathological findings as well as demographic information. The addition of 2151 patients enrolled during the restricted time interval allowed a total of 1630 poor histotype patients available for further analysis. As expected, endometrioid (E) cancers represented the largest enrollment and particularly E grade 1 and 2 (G1 and 2) were more frequently confined to the uterus. Grade 3 (G3) endometrioid cancers as well as the poor histotype (papillary serous, clear cell and carcinosarcoma) had a much greater propensity for extant disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the previously reported surgical pathological findings for endometrioid cancers but in addition, using a large database of papillary serous, clear cell and carcinosarcoma, surgical pathological findings substantiate the categorization of poor histotypes for these cancers.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Endometrioide/patología , Carcinoma Endometrioide/cirugía , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma Endometrioide/epidemiología , Carcinoma Endometrioide/etnología , Estudios Transversales , Neoplasias Endometriales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Endometriales/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Endometrial cancer can be diagnosed early and cured, yet cases that recur portend a very poor prognosis with over 10,000 women succumbing to the disease every year. In this study we addressed the question of how to recognize cases likely to recur early in the course of therapy using dysregulation of tumor microRNAs (miRNAs) as predictors. METHODS: Using the tissue collection from Gynecologic Oncology Group Study-210, we selected and analyzed expression of miRNAs in 54 recurrent and non-recurrent cases. The three most common histologic types, endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA), serous adenocarcinoma (ESA) and carcinosarcoma (UCS), were analyzed as three independent sets and their miRNA expression profiles compared. RESULTS: Only one miRNA was statistically different between recurrent and non-recurrent cases, and in only one histologic type: significant down-regulation of miR-181c was observed in EEA recurrence. Using several well-known databases to assess miR-181c targets, one target of particular relevance to cancer, NOTCH2, was well supported. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and our validation tumor panel from the GOG-210 cohort, we confirmed that NOTCH2 is significantly over-expressed in EEA. In the most relevant endometrial adenocarcinoma cell model, Ishikawa H, altering miR-181c expression produces significant changes in NOTCH2 expression, consistent with direct targeting. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased NOTCH2 via loss of miR-181c is a significant component of EEA recurrence. This presents an opportunity to develop miR-181c and NOTCH2 as markers for early identification of high risk cases and the use of NOTCH inhibitors in the prevention or treatment of recurrent disease.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Receptor Notch2/biosíntesis , Carcinoma Endometrioide/metabolismo , Neoplasias Endometriales/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Receptor Notch2/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: A simple measure to predict chemotherapy tolerance in elderly patients would be useful. We prospectively tested the association of baseline Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score with ability to complete 4 cycles of first line chemotherapy without dose reductions or >7days delay in elderly ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients' age ≥70 along with their physicians chose between two regimens: CP (Carboplatin AUC 5, Paclitaxel 135mg/m2) or C (Carboplatin AUC 5), both given every 3weeks either after primary surgery or as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with IADL and quality of life assessments performed at baseline, pre-cycle 3, and post-cycle 4. RESULTS: Two-hundred-twelve women were enrolled, 152 selecting CP and 60 selecting C. Those who selected CP had higher baseline IADL scores (p<0.001). After adjusting for age and PS, baseline IADL was independently associated with the choice of regimen (p=0.035). The baseline IADL score was not found to be associated with completion of 4 cycles of chemotherapy without dose reduction or delays (p=0.21), but was associated with completion of 4 cycles of chemotherapy regardless of dose reduction and delay (p=0.008) and toxicity, with the odds ratio (OR) of grade 3+ toxicity decreasing 17% (OR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72-0.96; p=0.013) for each additional activity in which the patient was independent. After adjustment for chemotherapy regimen, IADL was also associated with overall survival (p=0.019) for patients receiving CP. CONCLUSION: Patients with a higher baseline IADL score (more independent) were more likely to complete 4 cycles of chemotherapy and less likely to experience grade 3 or higher toxicity.