Fuzzy clustering demonstrates that codon 72 SNP rs1042522 of TP53 gene associated with HNSCC but not with prognoses.

It is estimated that 7.6 million people will die as a consequence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Genetic predisposition has emerged as an important risk factor in the development and prognosis of HNSCC. Considering this, the aim of the current study is to assess whether codon 72 SNP of the TP53 gene (rs1042522) is associated with an increased odds ratio of developing HNSCC or with a worse prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Analysis of the rs1042522 in HNSCC patients and in control individuals. Differences between the case and control groups were determined using chi-squared tests. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratio of HNSCC. Fussy C Means Clustering was to cluster HNSCC patients for survival analyses. Time of survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and comparing this to the log rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 71.4 % of the Arg/Arg genotype were from HNSCC patients, while only 28.6 % of Arg/Arg genotype were found in the control group. Logistic regression demonstrated that the Arg/Arg genotype, smoking, and alcohol consumption increase the odds ratio of HNSCC. No association between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and P53 expression. No association between rs1042522 and survival or prognoses was observed. This study identified that individuals carrying the arginine allele at rs1042522 have an increased odds ratio of HNSCC. However, no association between codon 72 SNP of the TP53 gene and HNSCC prognosis or P53 expression was observed.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: clinical and ultrastructural features of a new family.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the diagnosis, clinical and microscopic (histopathology and ultrastructural) features and treatment of a new family with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) and highlights the importance of this genetic condition. STUDY DESIGN: To characterize the pattern of inheritance and the clinical features, members of a new family with HGF were examined. The pedigree was reliably constructed including the four latest generations of family. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural analysis were performed with the gingival tissue. RESULTS: Examination of the family pedigree revealed that the patient III-2 represent the index patient of this family (initial patient with a mutation), which was transmitted to her daughter through an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The affected patients showed a generalized gingival overgrowth. The patient was treated with surgical procedures of gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology examination that showed a well-structured epithelium with elongated and thin papillae inserted in fibrous connective tissue with increased amount of collagen. The ultrastructural aspects of the tissue show collagen fibrils exhibiting their typically repeating banding pattern with some fibrils displaying loops at their end. Moreover, it was possible to seen in some regions fibrillar component presenting tortuous aspects and loss of the alignment among them. CONCLUSIONS: This HGF frequently resulted in both esthetic and functional problems. The genetic pattern of this Brazilian family suggested a new mutation, which was later transmitted by an autosomal dominant trait.

p16 (CDKN2A) SNP rs11515 was not associated with head and neck carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is considered a serious public health problem in many countries. Recently, genetic variations have been considered as important factors to cancer susceptibility and prognosis. More specifically, genetic polymorphisms have been associated with the development and prognosis of HNSCC. The purpose of the current study was to investigate an association among p16 (CDKN2A) gene polymorphism at rs11515, age, and HNSCC aggressiveness. PCR-RFLP analysis was used to investigate the p16 (CDKN2A) gene in 96 patients with HNSCC and in 100 individuals without HNSCC. A case group was categorized by age in younger (<60 years) and older (≥ 60 years) patients. Differences between the case and control groups were determined using Fisher and chi-squared tests. Time of survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of last follow-up visit or to the date of death using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and comparing this to the log-rank test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In the present study, no association was established between HNSCC and rs11515 polymorphism, as indicated in a previous study. We found that HNSCC individuals with large-sized tumors and with metastatic disease presented worse overall survival, consistent with fundamental concepts that establish the effects of tumor size and lymph node metastasis to HNSCC outcomes. This study identified that there is no difference in the distribution of rs11515 between the control and HNSCC groups. In addition, no differences between rs11515 genotypes and clinicopathological parameters were observed.

Analysis of socio-demographic and systemic health factors and the normative conditions of oral health care in a population of the Brazilian elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of socio-demographic and systemic health factors according to the normative conditions of oral health care (dental caries, edentulism, periodontal disease and oral mucosal lesion) in elderly individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of elderly with access to community health care (n = 200). The normative conditions of oral health were then investigated according to the WHO and the SB Brazil criteria. Bivariate analyses were evaluated by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. An estimation of prevalence for the covariates was performed using Poisson's regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of edentulism and oral mucosal lesions was detected in 58% and 21.5% of elderly patients, respectively. In the dentate subjects, the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was 51.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Older men and individuals from lower-income groups exhibited a higher prevalence of dental caries. Elderly women, illiterate individuals, and individuals over the age of 65 years exhibited a higher prevalence of edentulism. Elderly 60-64 years old and those who are employed had a significant association with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors were associated with some notable oral diseases in the elderly.

Relationship between noncarious cervical lesions, cervical dentin hypersensitivity, gingival recession, and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs), cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH), and gingival recession (GR), besides the relationship among these conditions in a specific Brazilian sample population. METHODS: 185 patients who attended the "Ambulatory Program for Rehabilitation of Patients with Noncarious Cervical Lesions and Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity" were evaluated, and 5180 teeth were analyzed. The subjects filled out a form and a calibrated examiner performed the clinical exams to determine the presence of NCCLs, CDH, and GR. NCCLs were classified according to their morphology and depth, CDH levels were evaluated according to air stimuli response, and GRs were categorized according to Miller's classification. The association of the risk factors with NCCLs, CDH, and GR was determined with the Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression. For the correlations, the Spearman test was used with a 95%-confidence level. RESULTS: The NCCLs, CDH, and GR distributions within the study were 88.1%, 89.1%, and 59.4%, respectively. Maxillary premolars were the most affected by all three conditions. A positive correlation was found between age, NCCLs, and GR; between NCCLs and CDH; CDH and GR; GR and NCCLs. Age, gender, oral hygiene, gastroesophageal diseases, and occlusal trauma were significantly associated with the presence of all three conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The NCCLs and GR distributions increased with age; NCCLs, CDH, and GR had positive correlation; the lesions' depth and morphology contributed to high levels of sensitivity and severity of recessions; age, gender, gastric disease, and occlusal trauma were relevant factors for the occurrence of NCCLs, CDH, and GR. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The increasing distribution of NCCLs, CDH, and GR is closely associated with people's lifestyles. Thus, it is important for the clinicians to recognize the etiological factors and their most relevant associations to prevent and control such alterations, in order to improve the population's quality of life.

Fatores associados à prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças em Montes Claros - MG / Prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents and associated factors in Montes Claros - MG

Objetivo: determinar os fatores associados à prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças atendidas em uma clínica de odontopediatria no norte de Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo transversal retrospectivo, documental de abordagem quantitativa, por meio da avaliação de prontuários na clínica de odontopediatria e tabulação dos dados no programa Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) software version 23.0 for MacBook. Foram incluídos crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 12 anos que realizaram pelo menos uma sessão com procedimento clínico. Foram excluídos os prontuários que não apresentavam dados relacionados ao exame clínico ou que não constavam a assinatura do responsável legal.Resultados: Foram avaliados 459 prontuários, sendo 45 excluídos devido à ausência do exame clínico intrabucal. A amostra final foi composta por 414 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes. Dos avaliados 55,56% (n = 230) eram do gênero masculino e a média de idade sendo de 7,6 anos. Foi observado a presença de lesão cariosa cavitada em dentes decíduos e ou permanentes em 72,95% dos indivíduos, e estes apresentavam higiene bucal insatisfatória em 91,87% dos casos. Além disso, crianças e adolescentes sem presença de cárie foram ao dentista para um retorno periódico em 43,27% dos avaliados. Conclusão: Foi verificado uma alta prevalência da lesão cariosa, relacionado aos hábitos dos avaliados, portanto, deve-se adquirir medidas preventivas e tratamento em saúde bucal precoce, buscando minimizar os acometimentos e prejuízos em saúde bucal.

Aim:Determine the factors associated with the prevalence of dental caries in children treated at a pediatric dentistry clinic in the north of Minas Gerais. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional, documentary study with a quantitative approach, through the evaluation of medical records at the pediatric dentistry clinic and data tabulation in the Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) software version 23.0 for MacBook. Children and adolescents aged 2 to 12 years who underwent at least one clinical procedure session were included. Records that did not present data related to the clinical examination or that did not contain the signature of the legal guardian were excluded. Results: 459 medical records were evaluated, 45 of which were excluded due to the absence of intraoral clinical examination. The final sample consisted of 414 medical records of children and adolescents. Of those evaluated, 55.56% (n = 230) were male, and the average age was 7.6 years. The presence of cavitated carious lesions in primary and/or permanent teeth was observed in 72.95% of individuals, and they had unsatisfactory oral hygiene in 91.87% of cases. Furthermore, children and adolescents without the presence of cavities went to the dentist for periodic check-ups in 43.27% of those evaluated. Conclusion: A high prevalence of carious lesions was found, related to the habits of those evaluated; therefore, preventive measures and early oral health treatment must be acquired, seeking to minimize problems and losses in oral health

Effectiveness of low flow vascular lesions sclerosis with monoethanolamine: report of six cases.

Vascular malformations or even hemangiomas need therapeutic intervention if they start to cause clinical symptoms or personal discomfort. Different therapeutic modalities, including cryotherapy, corticosteroids, laser therapy, sclerotherapy, surgery, and/or embolization, can be performed successfully. Sclerotherapy with monoethanolamine is a relatively simple and effective method to treat low flow vascular lesions. We presented a report of six cases of vascular malformations treated with monoethanolamine. There were 3 male and 3 female patients, with an age range of 20 to 68 years. The patients were submitted to applications according to clinical response and/or tolerability. In all cases, low-flow vascular lesions were recorded and submitted to infiltration with 2.5% monoethanolamine, directly into the lesions. The volume applied was approximately the middle of affected area. Vascular lesions were characterized as low-flow due to absence of arterial pulsation and flat consistence. The sclerosis with 2.5% monoethanolamine resulted in complete or partial involution, without severe complications.

Smile Transformation with Composite Resin by Semi-Direct Technique: a Case Report / Transformação Do Sorriso Com Resina Composta Por Técnica Semi-Direta: Relato De Caso

Composite veneers stand out in modern dentistry for their practicality, time-saving and excellent optical properties. This work describes the operative steps for the realization of veneers in composite resin in an academic clinical environment using a semi-direct technique. A 21-yearold female patient attended the clinic-school complaining of aesthetic dissatisfaction with her smile. In the clinical dental evaluation, multiple diastemas were observed in the upper anterior teeth, and resin cement residues from orthodontic bracket bonding. In addition, the patient expressed an interest in having bigger and whiter teeth. In view of the complaints reported by the patient, the following treatment sequence was proposed: 1. Removal of residual resin cement from all teeth; 2. Tooth whitening; 3. Confection of composite resin veneers using the semi-direct technique on the upper teeth (canine to canine). The die stone that had already been made for the home bleaching procedure was used for esthetic rehabilitation. The 6 veneers were made using a nanoparticulate resin. The veneers were cemented and adjusted. The 12-month follow-up showed an excellent marginal adaptation and an excellent aesthetic and function quality. The semi-direct technique may be considered a therapeutic option based on the conservation of sound tooth structure, minimal emotional stress during clinical work and excellent final optical and mechanical properties. Simplicity and practicality of the technique allow reproducibility and excellent results at a lower cost when compared to dental ceramics. (AU)

As facetas em resina composta destacam-se na odontologia moderna por sua praticidade, economia de tempo e excelentes propriedades ópticas. Este trabalho descreve as etapas operatórias para a realização de facetas em resina composta em ambiente clínico acadêmico utilizando a técnica semi-direta. Paciente do sexo feminino, 21 anos, compareceu à clínica-escola com queixa de insatisfação estética com seu sorriso. Na avaliação clínica odontológica, foram observados múltiplos diastemas nos dentes anteriores superiores e resíduos de cimento resinoso proveniente da colagem de braquetes ortodônticos. Além disso, a paciente manifestou interesse em ter dentes maiores e mais brancos. Diante das queixas relatadas pela paciente, foi proposta a seguinte sequência de tratamento: 1. Remoção do cimento resinoso residual detodos os dentes; 2. Clareamento dental; 3. Confecção de facetas de resina composta pela técnica semi-direta nos dentes superiores (canino a canino). O modelo de gesso já confeccionado para o clareamento caseiro foi utilizado para a reabilitação estética. As 6 facetas foram confeccionadas utilizando resina nanoparticulada. As facetas foram cimentadas e ajustadas. O seguimento de 12 meses mostrou uma excelente adaptação marginal e uma excelente qualidade estética e funcional. A técnica semi-direta pode ser considerada uma opção terapêutica baseada na conservação da estrutura dentária sadia, mínimo estresse emocional durante o trabalho clínico e excelentes propriedades ópticas e mecânicas finais. A simplicidade e praticidade da técnica permitem reprodutibilidade e excelentes resultados a um custo menor quando comparado às cerâmicas odontológicas. (AU)

Direct-Indirect Technique Restoration for Non-Carious Cervical Lesions Treatment: a Case Report / Técnica Direta-Indireta para Restauração de Lesões Cervicais não Cariosas: um Relato de Caso

Non-Carious Cervical Lesions are characterized by slow and progressive loss of hard tissue at the level of enamel-cement junction, without bacterial involvement. This work aimed to address a case report of restorative treatment in Class V cavities in multiple premolars using the directindirect technique with composite resin. A 42 year-old male patient presented for esthetic restorative treatment with the complaint of severe dentin hypersensitivity and wedged-shaped non-carious cervical lesions affecting the maxillary premolars. The restorative treatment chosen was a direct-indirect technique with composite performed into three sessions as follows: making the class V composite inlays, cementation, and final polishing. The direct-indirect technique as an alternative to the traditional direct technique has the benefits of a better contour of the restoration, since the finishing and polishing are made extraorally. Besides, the control of the polymerization stress and less discomfort to the patient are other advantages. In the case of direct-indirect class V restoration, the advantages far surpass those of the direct technique. (AU)

As Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas se caracterizam pela perda lenta e progressiva de tecido duro próximo a junção cemento-esmalte, sem envolvimento bacteriano. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico de tratamento restaurador em cavidades do tipo Classe V em pré-molares pela técnica direta-indireta com resina composta. Paciente do sexo masculino, 42 anos, queixava-se de forte sensibilidade e múltiplas Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas na forma de cunha nos pré-molares superiores. O tratamento restaurador escolhido foi a técnica direta-indireta com resina composta realizado em três sessões distribuídas em confecção da peça em resina composta, cimentação e polimento final. A técnica direta-indireta surge como alternativa a técnica direta tradicional trazendo como benefícios um melhor contorno da restauração, uma vez que esta é acabada e polida fora da boca, além do controle do estresse de polimerização e menor desconforto ao paciente. A intervenção restauradora direta-indireta se mostra eficaz devido ao fato de conseguir contornar dificuldades encontradas em técnicas restauradoras diretas. (AU)

Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity with laser: systematic review / Tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dentin hypersensitivity is an exacerbated response to a stimulus, causing acute and short-term pain. Over the years, several treatments for dentin hypersensitivity have emerged, including laser therapy. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out a review about the available devices and the existing procedures of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. CONTENTS: A systematic review of studies published from 2016 to 2020 was carried out through bibliographic search in the electronic databases Pubmed and the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - (Virtual Health Library), using the following descriptors: "Laser" And "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Of the total of 51 articles found in the search, 14 were eligible for a review. There was an evaluation of the possible risks of bias for each of the articles included. CONCLUSION: As a result, a variety of devices available on the market and different protocols that prove to be effective for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity when compared to the initial pain situation (baseline) were found. When laser treatment is compared with other existing therapies, it's not so clear which would be the most effective, due to the wide variety of study methodologies. However, an association of therapies that act in the two mechanisms of pain interception (neural and blocker) seems to be an appropriate conduct in the control of dentin hypersensitivity, and this combination can happen through physical methods (High and low intensity laser) and chemical (neural and blocker agents).

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hipersensibilidade dentinária é uma resposta exacerbada a um estímulo, causando dor aguda e de curta duração. Ao longo dos anos, diversos tratamentos para a hipersensibilidade dentinária têm surgido, incluindo a laserterapia. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão acerca dos aparelhos disponíveis e dos protocolos do tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com laser. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados de 2016 a 2020, por meio da busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicos Pubmed e da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "Laser" e "Dentin Hypersensitivity". Do total de 51 artigos encontrados na busca, 14 foram elegíveis para a revisão. Foram analisados os possíveis riscos de viés para cada um dos artigos incluídos. CONCLUSÃO: Diante da variedade de protocolos existentes quanto ao uso do laser, tanto alta (LAP) quanto de baixa potência (LBP), nadiminuição do desconforto causado pela HD, pode-se concluir de maneira geral que o emprego do laser tem se mostrado efetivo na grande maioria dos protocolos utilizados nos estudos, porém, ainda não é claro qual seria a estratégia mais efetiva a longo prazo. A associação de intervenções que atuem nos dois mecanismos de interceptação da dor (neural e obliterador) parece ser uma conduta apropriada no controle da HD, podendo essa combinação acontecer por meio de métodos físicos (laser de alta e baixa intensidade) e químicos (agentes neurais e obliteradores). A terapia mais adequada para HD depende de criteriosa anamnese e exame físico, enquanto o sucesso do tratamento dependerá da remoção dos fatores causais e de um plano de tratamento feito individualmente para cada paciente.

Pink Resin as an Alternative for Restoration of Cervical Lesions Associated with Gingival Recession: a Case Report / Resina de Gengiva como Alternativa para Restaurações de Lesões Cervicais Associadas a Recessão Gengival: Relato de Caso

Abstract Gingival recession occurs when the gingival margin is located apically to the cementoenamel junction, causing root exposure. This work aims to report a clinical case of restorative treatment of multiple non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL´s) with gingival-colored resin, as an alternative approach of restorative procedure in cervical defects associated with gingival recession in the aesthetic area. A patient attended a ClinicalSchool complaining several NCCL´s in addition to Miller's class I gingival vestibular recession in the elements: 13, 21, 22 and 23. Dentin hypersensitivity was absent, however, aesthetic appearance bothered the patient. Presence of occlusal interferences, acid feeding and inadequate brushing habits were observed as important etiological factors for NCCL´s and gingival recessions. Periodontal surgery would be the treatment of choice, however, the patient needed orthodontic intervention first to promote dental alignment and correct distribution of the occlusal load. In order to decrease the progression of the lesions during the orthodontic treatment the NCCL´s associated with gingival recession were restored with gingival-colored resin. Two colors of pink composite resin (color G3 and G5) were incrementally inserted, promoting a correct emergence profile, taking the resin to the lower cavity limit avoiding aggression to the periodontal tissue. Clinical follow-up of 22 months was favorable due to the appearance of restorations and satisfactory periodontal health. Gingival resin can be assigned to improve the aesthetic effect of the restoration at a low cost and time-saving. (AU)

Resumo A recessão gengival ocorre quando a margem gengival está localizada apicalmente à junção cemento-esmalte, causando exposição radicular. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de tratamento restaurador de múltiplas lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC´s) com resina de cor gengival, como uma forma alternativa de procedimento restaurador em defeitos cervicais associados a recessão gengival em área estética. Uma paciente buscou atendimento odontológico em um centro especializado por apresentar várias lesões do tipo LCNC, além de recessão gengival vestibular classe I de Miller nos elementos: 13, 21, 22 e 23 que não apresentavam sensibilidade, porém eram lesões que a incomodava quanto ao fator estético. Foram observados importantes fatores etiológicos para as LCNC's e recessões gengivais, como a oclusão desarmônica, alimentação ácida e hábitos de escovação inadequados. A cirurgia periodontal seria o tratamento de primeira escolha, contudo havia a necessidade de intervenção ortodôntica primeiramente para promover alinhamento dentário e correta distribuição das forças oclusais. Com o intuito de diminuir a progressão das lesões durante o tratamento ortodôntico optou-se por restaurar as LCNC´s associadas à recessão gengival com resina composta caracterizada para gengiva. Foram utilizadas 2 cores de resina rosa (G3 e G5) de forma incremental, até o limite inferior da cavidade, promovendo um correto perfil de emergência e evitando agressão aos tecidos periodontais. Acompanhamento clínico de 22 meses mostrou um aspecto favorável das restaurações assim como boa saúde periodontal. Dessa forma, a resina do tipo gengival pode ser indicada para melhorar o efeito estético da restauração a um baixo custo e rapidez no procedimento. (AU)

[Need for orthodontic treatment among Brazilian adolescents: evaluation based on public health]. / Necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes brasileiros: avaliação com base na saúde pública.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and the severity of malocclusions and to analyze factors associated with the need for orthodontic treatment of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This exploratory, cross-sectional study was carried out based on secondary data from the national epidemiological survey on oral health in Brazil (2002-2003). Socio-demographic conditions, self-perception, and the existence and degree of malocclusion, using the Dental Aesthetic Index, were evaluated in 16,833 adolescent Brazilians selected by probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The dependent variable - need orthodontic treatment - was estimated from the severity of malocclusion. The magnitude and direction of the association in bivariate and multivariate analyzes from a Robust Poisson regression was estimated. RESULTS: The majority of the adolescents needed orthodontic treatment (53.2%). In the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment was larger among females, non-whites, those that perceived a need for treatment, and those that perceived their appearance as normal, bad, or very bad. The need for orthodontic treatment was smaller among those that lived in the Northeast and Central West macro-regions compared to those living in Southeast Brazil and it was also smaller among those that perceived their chewing to be normal or their oral health to be bad or very bad. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment need among adolescents in Brazil and this need was associated with demographic and subjective issues. The high prevalence of orthodontic needs in adolescents is a challenge to the goals of Brazil's universal public health system.

Reports of violence against women in different life cycles.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the reports and factors associated with violence against women. METHOD: this was a cross-sectional, exploratory and analytical study with information about the cases of reported violence, extracted from the Civil Police Report Bulletin, in a mid-sized city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. RESULTS: out of the 7,487 reports of violence against women, it was found that 44.6% of the cases were threats, 28.5% aggression, 25.1% bodily injury, 1.1% rape, and 0.7% some other type of injury. In the bivariate analysis, a higher number of cases (p=0.000) committed by partners was evidenced, for all kinds of violence except for rape. Children, adolescents and adults experienced violence by partners, followed by family members. Regarding older women, violence was committed by family members. CONCLUSION: there is the need for programs to be established to prevent violence against women in various sectors of society, permeating the life cycle.

[Influence of socioeconomic factors on the quality of life of elderly hypertensive individuals]. / Influência de fatores socioeconômicos na qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos.

This study sought to evaluate the association between socioeconomic variables and the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients treated under the Family Health Program in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. An analytical cross study was conducted in a representative sample of 294 elderly hypertensive patients. Data were collected using a questionnaire on socioeconomic characteristics and quality of life (MINICHAL). The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kuskall-Wallis tests. The results showed that marital status, religion and education affect the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients in a statistically significant way. Elderly hypertensive patients who were single/divorced/widowed, evangelical, spiritualist and belonging to other religious bodies, illiterate achieved lower scores in terms of quality of life. For the remaining variables, there was no statistical association. The conclusion, drawn is that socioeconomic factors such as marital status, education and religion influence the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients.

Analysis of the normative conditions of oral health, depression and serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region polymorphisms in an elderly population.

AIM: To investigate the association between depression, the normative conditions of oral health and serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in a community-dwelling elderly sample. METHODS: Elderly adults living in a community (n=200) were submitted to an oral clinical examination. Depression was assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The 5-HTTLPR was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations between the biomarkers and clinical covariates were assessed by bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism and oral mucosal lesions was 51.2%, 20.8%, 58.0% and 21.5%, respectively. The prevalence of depression was 21.5%. A higher frequency of the S allele was recorded in older individuals with depression (P=0.017). The present findings showed no significant association between depression and the normative conditions of oral health. The observed allelic polymorphisms were 44% S and 56% L, respectively. Genotypic variants were 33.5% LL, 45.0% SL and 21.5% SS. Individuals carrying the SS genotype showed a significantly high prevalence of periodontal disease (prevalence ratio=3.077, CI 95%=1.008-9.393, P=0.048). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that depressive community-dwelling older individuals did not show any association with alterations of oral health normative conditions. However, the SS genotypic polymorphic variant of 5-HTTLPR seems to contribute to the occurrence of periodontal disease in the elderly.

Exceso de peso y factores asociados: un estudio de base poblacional / Excesso de peso e fatores associados: um estudo de base populacional / Overweight and associated factors: a population-based study

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar el predominio del sobrepeso y factores asociados entre adultos y ancianos. Es un estudio transversal, de base poblacional, realizado en ciudad de tamaño medio del Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fueron entrevistadas personas de edad igual o superior a 18 años. Se realizó un análisis múltiple por regresión de Poisson, tomando, como variable dependiente, el sobrepeso (IMC ≥ 25kg/m2). El predominio del sobrepeso fue el 53,7%. Después del análisis múltiple, permanecieron asociados al sobrepeso: edad igual o superior a 40 años, estar casado/vivir en unión estable, el consumo de alcohol, el tabaquismo, la hipertensión y depresión. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una preocupante prevalencia del sobrepeso. Entre las variables asociadas, en el modelo final, están las relacionadas con el estilo de vida. En este sentido las acciones de promoción de la salud son fundamentales para la prevención del sobrepeso entre los adultos y los ancianos (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e fatores associados, entre adultos e idosos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado em cidade de porte médio do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram entrevistados indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A análise múltipla foi realizada através da regressão de Poisson, adotando-se, como variável dependente, excesso de peso (IMC ≥ 25kg/m2). A prevalência de excesso de peso foi 53,7%. Após a análise múltipla, permaneceram associadas ao excesso de peso: idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, ser casado/viver em união estável, ingerir bebida alcoólica, fumar, apresentar hipertensão arterial e depressão. Os resultados destacam uma preocupante prevalência de excesso de peso. Entre as variáveis associadas, no modelo final, encontram-se as relacionadas com estilo de vida. Nesse sentido, as ações de promoção da saúde são fundamentais para prevenção do excesso de peso e obesidade entre adultos e idosos (AU)

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of excess of weight and associated factors among adults and elders. It is a cross-sectional and population- based study, done in a medium size city of the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Interviewed people had 18 or over. The multiple analysis was done through regression of Poisson, adopting as a dependent variable, the overweight (IMC ≥ 25kg/m2). The prevalence of excess of weight was of 53.7%. After the multiple analysis, the factors that remained associated with excess of weight were: age 40 or over, being married/living together, drinking alcohol beverages, smoking, having high blood pressure and depression. The results show a preoccupant prevalence of overweight. Among the associated variables, in the final model, factors related to health style were found. By this, the action to promote health is fundamental to prevent the overweight and obesity among adults and elderly people (AU)

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: clinical and ultrastructural features of a new family

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the diagnosis, clinical and microscopic (histopathology and ultrastructural) features and treatment of a new family with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) and highlights the importance of this genetic condition. Study DESIGN: To characterize the pattern of inheritance and the clinical features, members of a new family with HGF were examined. The pedigree was reliably constructed including the four latest generations of family. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural analysis were performed with the gingival tissue. RESULTS: Examination of the family pedigree revealed that the patient III-2 represent the index patient of this family(initial patient with a mutation), which was transmitted to her daughter through an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The affected patients showed a generalized gingival overgrowth. The patient was treated with surgical procedures of gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology examination that showed a well-structured epithelium with elongated and thin papillae inserted in fibrous connective tissue with increased amount of collagen. The ultrastructural aspects of the tissue show collagen fibrils exhibiting their typically repeating banding pattern with some fibrils displaying loops at their end. Moreover, it was possible to seen in some regions fibrillar component presenting tortuous aspects and loss of the alignment among them. CONCLUSIONS: This HGF frequently resulted in both esthetic and functional problems. The genetic pattern of this Brazilian family suggested a new mutation, which was later transmitted by an autosomal dominant trait

Need for orthodontic treatment among Brazilian adolescents: evaluation based on public health / Necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes brasileiros: avaliação com base na saúde pública

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and the severity of malocclusions and to analyze factors associated with the need for orthodontic treatment of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This exploratory, cross-sectional study was carried out based on secondary data from the national epidemiological survey on oral health in Brazil (2002-2003). Socio-demographic conditions, self-perception, and the existence and degree of malocclusion, using the Dental Aesthetic Index, were evaluated in 16,833 adolescent Brazilians selected by probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The dependent variable need orthodontic treatment was estimated from the severity of malocclusion. The magnitude and direction of the association in bivariate and multivariate analyzes from a Robust Poisson regression was estimated. RESULTS: The majority of the adolescents needed orthodontic treatment (53.2%). In the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment was larger among females, non-whites, those that perceived a need for treatment, and those that perceived their appearance as normal, bad, or very bad. The need for orthodontic treatment was smaller among those that lived in the Northeast and Central West macro-regions compared to those living in Southeast Brazil and it was also smaller among those that perceived their chewing to be normal or their oral health to be bad or very bad. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment need among adolescents in Brazil and this need was associated with demographic and subjective issues. The high prevalence of orthodontic needs in adolescents is a challenge to the goals of Brazil's universal public health system.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência e a gravidade das más oclusões e fatores associados com a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico dos adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal feito com base nos dados da pesquisa epidemiológica nacional em saúde bucal no Brasil (2002-2003). Condições sociodemográficas, autopercepção, existência e nível de gravidade da má oclusão, com o uso do Índice de Estética Dentária, foram avaliados em 16.833 adolescentes brasileiros selecionados por amostra probabilística por conglomerados. A variável dependente necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foi estimada a partir da gravidade da má oclusão. A magnitude e a direção das associações nas análises bivariada e multivariada foram estimadas pela regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos adolescentes apresentou necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico (53,2%). Na análise multivariada, a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foi maior entre as mulheres, os não brancos, aqueles que autopercebiam a necessidade de tratamento e aqueles que autopercebiam sua aparência como normal, ruim ou muito ruim. A necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foi menor entre aqueles que viviam nas regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste em comparação com aqueles da Sudeste e também menor entre aqueles que autopercebiam sua mastigação como normal e sua saúde bucal como ruim ou muito ruim. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo identificou uma prevalência elevada da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes no Brasil, associada com questões demográficas e subjetivas de saúde bucal. A alta prevalência de necessidades ortodônticas entre adolescentes é um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil.

Reports of violence against women in different life cycles / Ocorrencia de violencia contra a mulher nos diferentes ciclos de vida / Ocurrencia de violencia contra la mujer en los diferentes ciclos de vida

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the reports and factors associated with violence against women. METHOD: this was a cross-sectional, exploratory and analytical study with information about the cases of reported violence, extracted from the Civil Police Report Bulletin, in a mid-sized city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. RESULTS: out of the 7,487 reports of violence against women, it was found that 44.6% of the cases were threats, 28.5% aggression, 25.1% bodily injury, 1.1% rape, and 0.7% some other type of injury. In the bivariate analysis, a higher number of cases (p=0.000) committed by partners was evidenced, for all kinds of violence except for rape. Children, adolescents and adults experienced violence by partners, followed by family members. Regarding older women, violence was committed by family members. CONCLUSION: there is the need for programs to be established to prevent violence against women in various sectors of society, permeating the life cycle. .

OBJETIVO: analisar as ocorrências e fatores associados à violência contra a mulher. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo transversal, exploratório e analítico com informações dos casos registrados de violência, extraídos dos Boletins de Ocorrências da Polícia Civil, em uma cidade de médio porte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. RESULTADOS: das 7.487 ocorrências de violência contra a mulher, identificou-se que 44,6% dos casos foram de ameaça, 28,5% de agressão, 25,1% de lesão corporal, 1,1% de estupro e 0,7% de algum tipo de injúria. Na análise bivariada, observou-se maior número de casos (p=0,000) cometidos pelo companheiro para todos os tipos de violência, com exceção de estupro. As crianças, adolescentes e adultas foram violentadas por companheiro, seguido de familiar. Com as mulheres idosas, os casos de violência foram cometidos por familiares. CONCLUSÃO: há necessidade de que programas de prevenção da violência contra a mulher sejam instituídos nos diversos setores da sociedade, permeando o ciclo de vida. .

OBJETIVO: analizar las ocurrencias y factores asociados a la violencia contra la mujer. MÉTODO: se trata de estudio transversal, exploratorio y analítico con informaciones de los casos registrados de violencia, extraídos de los Boletines de Ocurrencias de la Policía Civil, en una ciudad de porte medio de Minas Gerais, Brasil. RESULTADOS: de las 7.487 ocurrencias de violencia contra la mujer, se identificó que 44,6% de los casos fueron de amenaza, 28,5% de agresión, 25,1% de lesión corporal, 1,1% de estupro y 0,7% de algún tipo de injuria. En el análisis bivariado, se observó un mayor número de casos (p=0.000) cometidos por el compañero, para todos los tipos de violencia, con excepción del estupro. Las niñas, adolescentes y adultas fueron violentadas por el compañero, seguido de familiar. En las mujeres ancianas, los casos de violencia fueron cometidos por familiares. CONCLUSIÓN: existe necesidad de que sean instituidos programas de prevención de la violencia contra la mujer, en todo su ciclo de vida, en los diversos sectores de la sociedad. .

Influência de fatores socioeconômicos na qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos / Influence of socioeconomic factors on the quality of life of elderly hypertensive individuals

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos atendidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Consistiu em um estudo transversal analítico conduzido em amostra representativa de 294 idosos hipertensos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário de caracterização socioeconômica e de qualidade de vida (Minichal). Foram analisados por meio de testes não paramétricos de Mann-Witney e Kuskall-Wallis. Os resultados, por sua vez, mostraram que o estado conjugal, a religião e a escolaridade afetam de maneira estatisticamente significativa a qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos. Idosos hipertensos solteiros/divorciados/viúvos, evangélicos, espíritas e pertencentes a outras entidades religiosas, e analfabetos apresentaram menores escores de qualidade de vida. Para as demais variáveis analisadas, não houve associação estatística. Conclui-se que os fatores socioeconômicos como estado conjugal, escolaridade e religião influenciam na qualidade de vida de idosos hipertensos.

This study sought to evaluate the association between socioeconomic variables and the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients treated under the Family Health Program in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. An analytical cross study was conducted in a representative sample of 294 elderly hypertensive patients. Data were collected using a questionnaire on socioeconomic characteristics and quality of life (MINICHAL). The data were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kuskall-Wallis tests. The results showed that marital status, religion and education affect the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients in a statistically significant way. Elderly hypertensive patients who were single/divorced/widowed, evangelical, spiritualist and belonging to other religious bodies, illiterate achieved lower scores in terms of quality of life. For the remaining variables, there was no statistical association. The conclusion, drawn is that socioeconomic factors such as marital status, education and religion influence the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients.