RESUMEN
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is associated with developmental defects and profound anemia. Mutations in genes encoding a ribosomal protein of the small (e.g., RPS19) or large (e.g., RPL11) ribosomal subunit are found in more than half of these patients. The mutations cause ribosomal haploinsufficiency, which reduces overall translation efficiency of cellular mRNAs. We reduced the expression of Rps19 or Rpl11 in mouse erythroblasts and investigated mRNA polyribosome association, which revealed deregulated translation initiation of specific transcripts. Among these were Bag1, encoding a Hsp70 cochaperone, and Csde1, encoding an RNA-binding protein, and both were expressed at increased levels in erythroblasts. Their translation initiation is cap independent and starts from an internal ribosomal entry site, which appeared sensitive to knockdown of Rps19 or Rpl11. Mouse embryos lacking Bag1 die at embryonic day 13.5, with reduced erythroid colony forming cells in the fetal liver, and low Bag1 expression impairs erythroid differentiation in vitro. Reduced expression of Csde1 impairs the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid blasts. Protein but not mRNA expression of BAG1 and CSDE1 was reduced in erythroblasts cultured from DBA patients. Our data suggest that impaired internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation of mRNAs expressed at increased levels in erythroblasts contributes to the erythroid phenotype of DBA.
Asunto(s)
Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan/genética , Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan/patología , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Eritroblastos/citología , Polirribosomas/patología , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Animales , Western Blotting , Proliferación Celular , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/fisiología , Embrión de Mamíferos/citología , Embrión de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Eritroblastos/metabolismo , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Mutación/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Fenotipo , Polirribosomas/genética , Polirribosomas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Ribosómicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Induction of cell proliferation requires a concomitant increase in the synthesis of glycosylated lipids and membrane proteins, which is dependent on ER-Golgi protein transport by CopII-coated vesicles. In this process, retrograde transport of ER resident proteins from the Golgi is crucial to maintain ER integrity, and allows for anterograde transport to continue. We previously showed that expression of the CopI specific SNARE protein Use1 (Unusual SNARE in the ER 1) is tightly regulated by eIF4E-dependent translation initiation of Use1 mRNA. Here we investigate the mechanism that controls Use1 mRNA translation. The 5'UTR of mouse Use1 contains a 156 nt alternatively spliced intron. The non-spliced form is the predominantly translated mRNA. The alternatively spliced sequence contains G-repeats that bind the RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence binding factor 1 (Grsf1) in RNA band shift assays. The presence of these G-repeats rendered translation of reporter constructs dependent on the Grsf1 concentration. Down regulation of either Grsf1 or Use1 abrogated expansion of erythroblasts. The 5'UTR of human Use1 lacks the splice donor site, but contains an additional upstream open reading frame in close proximity of the translation start site. Similar to mouse Use1, also the human 5'UTR contains G-repeats in front of the start codon. In conclusion, Grsf1 controls translation of the SNARE protein Use1, possibly by positioning the 40S ribosomal subunit and associated translation factors in front of the translation start site.