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Aims Our aim was to assess if outcomes for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients at six & sixteen years of age have improved in the last 17 years looking at FEV1, BMI and death. Methods A retrospective observational study using a prospectively maintained database of CF patients at Cork University Hospital. Results 84 patients were included in the 16-year-old data and 89 patients were included in the six-year-old data. The mean FEV1 and BMI (16 years) for the 2002-2007 group was 72.9±21.0% and 18.9±2.53 respectively, 2008-2013 group was 75.4±27.2% and 19.8±2.7 and for the 2014-2018 group was 95.2±16.0% and 22.9±4.1. The percentage of patients (16 years) with chronic pseudomonas status was 37.9% (11/30) in the 2002-2007 group, 51.6 % (16/31) in the 2008-2013 group and 4.2% (1/24) in the 2014-2018 group. The relationship between FEV1 and FVC with BMI remained significant in multivariate analysis (P <0.001). The mean FEV1 (six years) for the 2002-2007 group was 90.7±16.1%, 2008-2013 group was 99.3±17.9% and for the 2014-2018 group was 100.9±15.8%. Conclusions Improvements in FEV1 and BMI aged six and 16 years are notable as well as a significant decline in the number of patients with chronic pseudomonas.
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BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyles, calls for interventions that target multiple health behaviours. This study investigates the clustering of health behaviours and examines demographic differences between each cluster. METHODS: In total, 934 adults from Queensland, Australia completed a cross-sectional survey assessing multiple health behaviours. A two-step hierarchical cluster analysis using multiple iterations identified the optimal number of clusters and the subset of distinguishing health behaviour variables. Univariate analyses of variance and chi-squared tests assessed difference in health behaviours by socio-demographic factors and clusters. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified: the 'lower risk' cluster (n = 436) reported the healthiest profile and met all public health guidelines. The 'elevated risk' cluster (n = 105) reported a range of unhealthy behaviours such as excessive alcohol consumption, sitting time, fast-food consumption, smoking, inactivity and a lack of fruit and vegetables. The 'moderate risk behaviour' cluster (n = 393) demonstrated some unhealthy behaviours with low physical activity levels and poor dietary outcomes. The 'elevated risk' cluster were significantly younger and more socio-economically disadvantaged than both the 'lower and moderate risk' clusters. DISCUSSION: Younger people who live in more deprived areas were largely within the 'elevated risk' cluster and represent an important population for MHBC interventions given their wide range of unhealthy behaviours.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Estudios Transversales , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Comida Rápida/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Queensland/epidemiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Fumar/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Verduras , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Participating in regular physical activity is a recommended cancer recovery strategy for breast cancer survivors. However, tailored support services are not widely available and most survivors are insufficiently active to obtain health benefits. Delivering tailored programs via the Internet offers one promising approach. However, recent evaluations of such programs suggest that major improvements are needed to ensure programs meet the needs of users and are delivered in an engaging way. Understanding participants' experiences with current programs can help to inform the next generation of systems. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to explore breast cancer survivor's perspectives of and experiences using a novel computer-tailored intervention and to describe recommendations for future iterations. METHODS: Qualitative data from a sub-sample of iMove More for Life study participants were analysed thematically to identify key themes. Participants long-term goals for participating in the program were explored by analysing open-ended data extracted from action plans completed during the intervention (n = 370). Participants negative and positive perceptions of the website and recommendations for improvement were explored using data extracted from open-ended survey items collected at the immediate intervention follow-up (n = 156). RESULTS: The majority of participants reported multi-faceted goals, consisting of two or more outcomes they hoped to achieve within a year. While clear themes were identified (e.g. 'being satisfied with body weight'), there was considerable variability in the scope of the goal (e.g. desired weight loss ranged from 2 to 30 kg). Participants' perceptions of the website were mixed, but clear indications were provided of how intervention content and structure could be improved. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into how to better accommodate breast cancer survivors in the future and ultimately design more engaging computer-tailored interventions.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Computadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to develop the first Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. METHODS: The guidelines were developed in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. A Steering Committee and Working Group reviewed the relevant evidence on neuropathic pain management (encompassing screening and diagnosis, treatment and models of care) after SCI. The quality of evidence was scored using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A consensus process was followed to achieve agreement on recommendations and clinical considerations. RESULTS: The Working Group developed 12 recommendations for screening and diagnosis, 12 recommendations for treatment and 5 recommendations for models of care. Important clinical considerations accompany each recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The Working Group recommendations for the management of neuropathic pain after SCI should be used to inform practice.
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Neuralgia/etiología , Neuralgia/rehabilitación , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/rehabilitación , Canadá , HumanosRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To develop the first Canadian clinical practice guidelines for treatment of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. METHODS: The CanPainSCI Working Group reviewed the evidence for different treatment options and achieved consensus. The Working Group then developed clinical considerations for each recommendation. Recommendations for research are also included. RESULTS: Twelve recommendations were developed for the management of neuropathic pain after SCI. The recommendations address both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: An expert Working Group developed recommendations for the treatment of neuropathic pain after SCI that should be used to inform practice.
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Neuralgia/etiología , Neuralgia/rehabilitación , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/rehabilitación , Canadá , HumanosRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: The project objectives were to develop the first Canadian recommendations on a model of care for the management of at- and below-level neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. METHODS: On the basis of a review of the Accreditation Canada standards, the Steering Committee developed questions to guide the CanPainSCI Working Group when developing the recommendations. The Working Group agreed on recommendations through a consensus process. RESULTS: The Working Group developed five recommendations for the organization of neuropathic pain rehabilitation care in people with SCI. CONCLUSIONS: The Working Group recommendations for a model of care for at- and below-level neuropathic pain after SCI should be used to inform clinical practice.
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Atención a la Salud/métodos , Neuralgia/etiología , Neuralgia/rehabilitación , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/rehabilitación , HumanosRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To develop the first Canadian clinical practice guidelines for screening and diagnosis of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. METHODS: The CanPainSCI Working Group reviewed evidence to address clinical questions regarding screening and diagnosis of neuropathic pain after SCI. A consensus process was followed to achieve agreement on recommendations and clinical considerations. RESULTS: Twelve recommendations, based on expert consensus, were developed for the screening and diagnosis of neuropathic pain after SCI. The recommendations address methods for assessment, documentation tools, team member accountability, frequency of screening and considerations for diagnostic investigation. Important clinical considerations accompany each recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The expert Working Group developed recommendations for the screening and diagnosis of neuropathic pain after SCI that should be used to inform practice.
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Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Neuralgia/rehabilitación , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/rehabilitación , Canadá , Humanos , Neuralgia/etiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity levels are unacceptably high and effective interventions that can increase physical activity in large populations at low cost are urgently needed. Web-based interventions that use computer-tailoring have shown to be effective, though people tend to 'skim' and 'scan' text on the Internet rather than thoroughly read it. The use of online videos is, however, popular and engaging. Therefore, the aim of this 3-group randomised controlled trial is to examine whether a web-based physical activity intervention that provides personally-tailored videos is more effective when compared with traditional personally-tailored text-based intervention and a control group. METHODS/DESIGN: In total 510 Australians will be recruited through social media advertisements, e-mail and third party databases. Participants will be randomised to one of three groups: text-tailored, video-tailored, or control. All groups will gain access to the same web-based platform and a library containing brief physical activity articles. The text-tailored group will additionally have access to 8 sessions of personalised physical activity advice that is instantaneously generated based on responses to brief online surveys. The theory-based advice will be provided over a period of 3 months and address constructs such as self-efficacy, motivation, goal setting, intentions, social support, attitudes, barriers, outcome expectancies, relapse prevention and feedback on performance. Text-tailored participants will also be able to complete 7 action plans to help them plan what, when, where, who with, and how they will become more active. Participants in the video-tailored group will gain access to the same intervention content as those in the text-tailored group, however all sessions will be provided as personalised videos rather than text on a webpage. The control group will only gain access to the library with generic physical activity articles. The primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity. Secondary outcomes include website engagement and retention, quality of life, depression, anxiety, stress, sitting time, sleep and psychosocial correlates of physical activity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 3, and 9 months. DISCUSSION: This study presents an ideal opportunity to study the effectiveness of an isolated feature within a web-based physical activity intervention and the knowledge generated from this study will help to increase intervention effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New-Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12615000057583 . Registered 22 January 2015. CQUniversity Ethics Project Number: H14/07-163.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud , Ejercicio Físico , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Internet , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Grabación en Video , Australia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivación , Calidad de Vida , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the relationship between preterm delivery (PTD; < 37 weeks of gestation) and antiretroviral therapy in a single-centre cohort of pregnant women with HIV infection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data for 331 women who received care in a dedicated HIV antenatal clinic between 1996 and 2010 was carried out. Data on first CD4 cell count and viral load (HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) recorded in pregnancy, class and timing of antiretroviral therapy, gestational age at delivery, and risk factors for and causes of PTD were available from a clinical database. RESULTS: Overall, 13.0% of deliveries were preterm, of which 53% were severe preterm (< 34 weeks of gestation). The lowest rate of PTD was observed in women treated with zidovudine monotherapy (6.2%). Higher rates of PTD were observed in women starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in pregnancy compared with women conceiving while on cART [odds ratio (OR) 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-5.20; P = 0.011]. Of the women who were eligible for zidovudine monotherapy on the basis of CD4 counts and HIV viral load but who were treated with short-term cART to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission, 28.6% delivered preterm. Women on short-term cART remained at the highest risk of PTD compared with zidovudine monotherapy in multivariate analysis (OR 5.00; 95% CI 1.49-16.79; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The causes of PTD are multiple and poorly understood. The timing of initiation and type of antiretroviral therapy administered during pregnancy appear to contribute to PTD risk. Understanding this association should improve the safety of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy without increasing the risk of transmission.
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Fármacos Anti-VIH/efectos adversos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Nacimiento Prematuro/inducido químicamente , Zidovudina/efectos adversos , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/efectos adversos , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Secretory proteins enter the Golgi apparatus when transport vesicles fuse with the cis-side and exit in transport vesicles budding from the trans-side. Resident Golgi enzymes that have been transported in the cis-to-trans direction with the secretory flow must be recycled constantly by retrograde transport in the opposite direction. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of Golgi-derived transport vesicles that were isolated from tissue culture cells. We found that under the steady-state conditions of a living cell, a fraction of resident Golgi enzymes was found in vesicles that could be separated from cisternal membranes. These vesicles appeared to be depleted of secretory cargo. They were capable of binding to and fusion with isolated Golgi membranes, and after fusion their enzymatic contents most efficiently processed cargo that had just entered the Golgi apparatus. Those results indicate a possible role for these structures in recycling of Golgi enzymes in the Golgi stack.
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Aparato de Golgi/metabolismo , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Orgánulos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Animales , Transporte Biológico , Células CHO , Fraccionamiento Celular , Vesículas Cubiertas/metabolismo , Proteína Coatómero , Cricetinae , Citosol/metabolismo , Aparato de Golgi/enzimología , Membranas Intracelulares/enzimología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , N-Acetilglucosaminiltransferasas/metabolismo , Orgánulos/enzimología , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/metabolismoRESUMEN
Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic mu-opioid receptor agonist with potent analgesic properties. Oral methadone has been successfully used in human medicine and may overcome some limitations of other analgesics in equine species for producing analgesia with minimal adverse effects. However, there are no studies describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral opioids in horses. The aim of this study was to describe the PK of orally administered methadone (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) and physical effects in 12 healthy adult horses. Serum methadone concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at predetermined time points for 24 h, and PK parameters were estimated using a noncompartmental model. Physical effects were observed and recorded by experienced clinicians. No drug toxicity, behavioural or adverse effects were observed in the horses. The disposition of methadone followed first order elimination and a biphasic serum profile with rapid absorption and elimination phases. The PK profile of methadone was characterized by high clearance (Cl/F), small volume of distribution (V(d)/F) and short elimination half-life (t(1/2)). The mean of the estimated t(1/2) (SD) for each dose (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) was 2.2 (35.6), 1.3 (46.1) and 1.5 (40.8), and the mean for the estimated C(max) (SD) was 33.9 (6.7), 127.9 (36.0) and 193.5 (65.8) respectively.
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Analgésicos Opioides/farmacocinética , Metadona/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/sangre , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Caballos , Masculino , Metadona/administración & dosificación , Metadona/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Men who are survivors of prostate cancer report a variety of psychological and physical factors contributing to a lower quality of life, and physical activity can assist to mitigate these issues. This review aims to provide a summary of physical activity behaviour change trials targeting prostate cancer survivors, assess the feasibility of these interventions and, if possible, identify intervention and study characteristics associated with significant intervention effects. METHOD: Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE) were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials containing at least one behavioural outcome relating to physical activity published up until July 2016. Forward and backwards, hand, key author citation searching and known research were also considered. RESULTS: From a total of 13, 828 titles, the search resulted in 12 studies (6 prostate cancer only and 6 mixed cancer interventions), eight of which found positive results most often related immediately to post-intervention aerobic activity. Factors relating to efficacy were not conclusive due to the heterogeneity of studies and lack of cancer-specific data in mixed cancer trials. Future research focusing on intervention reach, maintenance of intervention effects and resistance training outcomes is needed. CONCLUSION: There is preliminary evidence to suggest that a variety of physical activity behaviour change interventions targeting men with a history of prostate cancer can be efficacious, at least in the short term. Experimental studies are required to identify key intervention features. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Physical activity interventions can assist prostate cancer survivors in relation to short-term lifestyle change, though more evidence is required to improve the clarity of factors related to efficacy.
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Terapia Conductista/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivientes de Cáncer/psicología , Terapia por Ejercicio , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Neoplasias de la Próstata/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodosRESUMEN
Despite the unprecedented access to self-monitoring health apps, lack of optimal user engagement remains a significant challenge. Push notification prompts with contextually tailored messages offers a promising strategy to improve engagement. To increase the efficacy of push-notifications on engaging individuals with health apps, greater attention to the modifiable components of push notifications that influence responsiveness is needed. This study examines the effect of message content and frequency of push notifications, along with past app usage on responding to notifications within 24â¯h, and engaging with self-monitoring in JOOL Health smartphone app. Mixed models were applied on a de-identified data set of 18,000 contextually tailored push notifications sent by JOOL Health App to 1414 participants. The content in sent messages on behavioural topics were mapped into either tailored suggestions or tailored insights. Our findings suggest that push notifications with tailored suggestions were more effective overall in encouraging self-monitoring, but amongst frequent app users, push-notifications containing insights was associated with greater self-monitoring. People who were not using the app as frequently were less likely to respond to a prompt. This study suggests that push-notification content does have an impact on subsequent use of key app features, and app developers should consider what content is likely to work best for who, and under what circumstances. Secondary data-analysis of commercial apps presents a unique opportunity to elucidate and optimize health behaviors.
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INTRODUCTION: To better understand the immunology of pregnancy, study of female genital tract fluid (FGF) is desirable. However the optimum method of collection of FGF in pregnant women for immunological methods, specifically cytokine measurement, is unknown. METHODS: A prospective study of HIV-uninfected pregnant women comparing two methods of FGF collection: polyvinyl acetal sponge collection of cervical fluid (CF) and menstrual cup collection of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF). Samples were collected at 3 time points across the second and third trimesters: 14-21, 22-25 and 26-31â¯weeks. Multiplex chemi-luminescent assays were used to measure: IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α. Optimal methodology for cytokine normalisation (sample weight, volume and total protein) was explored. RESULTS: All cytokines were measurable in both fluid types. IL-1ß, IL-8 and IL-6 were detected at the highest concentrations (ranking order CFâ¯>â¯CVFâ¯>â¯plasma). CVF collection was simpler, provided the largest volume of sample (median 0.5â¯g) with the potential for undiluted usage, and allowed for self-insertion. CF cytokine concentrations were intrinsically associated with sample weight and protein concentration however CVF cytokines were independent of these. CONCLUSION: Both methods of collection are robust for measurement of FGF cytokines during pregnancy. We recommend CVF collection using a menstrual cup as a viable option in pregnant women for high dimensional biological techniques.
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Líquidos Corporales/química , Citocinas/análisis , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/análisis , Embarazo/inmunología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Adulto , Líquidos Corporales/inmunología , Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Femenino , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/inmunología , Humanos , Embarazo/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Vagina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Computer-tailored interventions, which deliver health messages adjusted based on characteristics of the message recipient, can effectively improve a range of health behaviours. Typically, the content of the message is tailored to user demographics, health behaviours and social cognitive factors (e.g., intentions, attitudes, self-efficacy, perceived social support) to increase message relevance, and thus the extent to which the message is read, considered and translated into attitude and behaviour change. Some researchers have suggested that the efficacy of computer-tailored interventions may be further enhanced by adapting messages to suit recipients' need for cognition (NFC) - a personality trait describing how individuals tend to process information. However, the likely impact of doing so, especially when tailored in conjunction with other variables, requires further consideration. It is possible that intervention effects may be reduced in some circumstances due to interactions with other variables (e.g., perceived relevance) that also influence information processing. From a practical point of view, it is also necessary to consider how to optimally operationalise and measure NFC if it is to be a useful tailoring variable. This paper aims to facilitate further research in this area by critically examining these issues based on relevant theories and existing evidence.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Terapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Cognición/fisiología , Atención a la Salud/métodos , Utilización de Instalaciones y Servicios , Educación en Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Humanos , Procesos Mentales/fisiología , Evaluación de Necesidades , Telemedicina/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Wilfred Thomason Grenfell (1865-1940) began his medical career working for the National Mission for Deep Sea Fishermen on the North Sea. In 1892, the Mission sent him to Newfoundland to invesitigate the living and working conditions of the fishermen there. He spent most of his life improving conditions for the settlers on the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. His unorthodox methods and difficult personality brought him into conflict with the authorities. In spite of this, he achieved significant changes for the Newfoundlanders in medical care, education and economic prospects.
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Atención a la Salud/historia , Explotaciones Pesqueras/historia , Animales , Gadus morhua , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Terranova y LabradorRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of differing delivery schedules of computer-tailored physical activity modules on engagement and physical activity behaviour change in a web-based intervention targeting breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Insufficiently active breast cancer survivors (n = 492) were randomly assigned to receive one of the following intervention schedules over 12 weeks: a three-module intervention delivered monthly, a three-module intervention delivered weekly or a single module intervention. Engagement with the website (number of logins, time on site, modules viewed, action plans completed) was measured using tracking software. Other outcomes (website acceptability, physical activity behaviour) were assessed using online surveys. Physical activity outcomes were analysed using regression models for both study completers and when applying intention-to-treat (using multiple imputation). RESULTS: Completers allocated to the monthly module group rated the intervention higher (b = 2.2 95 % CI = 0.02-4.53) on acceptability and had higher levels of resistance-training (IRR = 1.88, 95 % CI = 1.16-3.04) than those in the single module group. When accounting for missing data, these differences were no longer significant. The completion of at least two action plans was higher among those allocated to the monthly module group compared to those in the weekly module group (53 vs 40 %, p = 0.02); though the completion of at least two modules was higher in the weekly module group compared to the monthly module group (60 vs 46 %; p = 0.01). There were no other significant between group differences observed. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence that web-based computer-tailored interventions can be used to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors. Further, there were some outcome differences based on how the tailored modules were delivered, with the most favourable outcomes observed in the monthly delivery group. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: This study will be useful for informing the design of future web-based interventions targeting breast cancer survivors.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/rehabilitación , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Telemedicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the usefulness of dexmedetomidine for restraint and sedation during hip radiographic examination of hip-extended or stress-radiography views when combined with either buprenorphine, butorphanol or diazepam. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven client-owned clinically healthy golden retrievers or rottweilers were enrolled in a clinical trial that compared hip-extended and PennHIP methods for diagnosing hip dysplasia and were randomly allocated to receive dexmedetomidine or medetomidine in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or diazepam. Subjective assessments were made for response to pain, response to noise, palpebral reflex, muscle tone and overall quality of sedation; non-invasive physiological variables were also recorded. RESULTS: Overall quality of sedation was graded as good or excellent for dogs administered with a combination of butorphanol or diazepam. However, more dogs that received a combination involving buprenorphine had overall a relatively poorer quality of sedation and required additional administration of buprenorphine before the radiographic procedure could commence. Once sedated, clinically sufficient muscle relaxation accompanied by a very low proportion of dogs responding to pain or noise stimuli were observed in all treatment groups. Heart and respiratory rate, and procedure and recovery times were similar for all treatment groups, and no adverse events were observed during the study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dexmedetomidine sedative protocols, particularly in combination with butorphanol and diazepam, can be used effectively and safely in dogs for radiographic procedures.
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Sedación Consciente/veterinaria , Perros/fisiología , Displasia Pélvica Canina/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Animales , Buprenorfina/administración & dosificación , Butorfanol/administración & dosificación , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Diazepam/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Infusiones Intravenosas/veterinaria , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Masculino , Linaje , Radiografía/veterinaria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Water samples from Lake Ontario, Canada were tested for lytic activity against the freshwater haptophyte algae Chrysochromulina parva. A filterable lytic agent was isolated and identified as a virus via transmission electron microscopy and molecular methods. The virus, CpV-BQ1, is icosahedral, ca. 145nm in diameter, assembled within the cytoplasm, and has a genome size of ca. 485kb. Sequences obtained through PCR-amplification of DNA polymerase (polB) genes clustered among sequences from the family Phycodnaviridae, whereas major capsid protein (MCP) sequences clustered among sequences from either the Phycodnaviridae or Mimiviridae. Based on quantitative molecular assays, C. parva׳s abundance in Lake Ontario was relatively stable, yet CpV-BQ1׳s abundance was variable suggesting complex virus-host dynamics. This study demonstrates that CpV-BQ1 is a member of the proposed order Megavirales with characteristics of both phycodnaviruses and mimiviruses indicating that, in addition to its complex ecological dynamics, it also has a complex evolutionary history.