Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 in Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. METHODS: This is an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial among healthy adults aged ≥18 years in Henan Province, China. Participants (n = 336 in 18-59 age group and n = 336 in ≥60 age group) were enrolled between April 12 and May 17 2020, and were equally randomized to receive vaccine or placebo (aluminum hydroxide adjuvant) in a three-dose schedule of 2·5, 5, or 10 µg on days 0, 28, and 56. Another 448 adults aged 18-59 years were equally allocated to four groups (a one-dose schedule of 10 µg, and two-dose schedules of 5 µg on days 0 and 14/21/28) and received vaccine or placebo (ratio 3:1 within each group). The primary outcomes were 7-day post-injection adverse reactions and neutralizing antibody titres on days 28 and 90 after the whole-course vaccination. Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn #ChiCTR2000031809. FINDINGS: The 7-day adverse reactions occurred in 4·8% to 32·1% of the participants in various groups, and most adverse reactions were mild, transient, and self-limiting. Twenty participants reported 68 serious adverse events which were judged to be unrelated to the vaccine. The 90-day post-injection geometric mean titres of neutralizing antibody ranged between 87 (95% CI: 61-125) and 129 (99-169) for three-dose schedule among younger and older adults; 20 (14-27), 53 (38-75), and 44 (32-61) in 5 µg days 0 and 14/21/28 groups, respectively, and 7 (6-9) in one-dose 10 µg group. There were no detectable antibody responses in all placebo groups. INTERPRETATION: The inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 was well tolerated and immunogenic in both younger and older adults. The two-dose schedule of 5 µg on days 0 and 21/28 and three-dose schedules on days 0, 28, and 56 could be further evaluated for long-term safety and efficacy in the phase 3 trials.

[Molecular identification on Waxy genes in wheat using multiple-PCR].

Multiple-PCR was conducted to establish a stable PCR system for identifying the three Wx genes in wheat. Two pairs of primers were employed to amplify Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 genes of wheat, with the target sequences of 230 bp/265 bp, 854 bp, and 204 bp, respectively. The results showed that Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 can be detected simultaneously in a single reaction. This method proved to be repeatable and low cost for evaluation of wheat quality properties in breeding program. This multiple-PCR technique can be efficiently used in marker-assisted selection for Wx genes, which will improve selection procedure for waxy wheat.

Selenylation of Polysaccharide from the Sweet Potato and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antitumor, and Antidiabetic Activities.

Interest in sweet potato as a functional food is growing. A polysaccharide (SWP) was isolated from the sweet potato tuber and elucidation of its structure as composed of rhamnose, glucose, and galactose undertaken. To improve its activity, selenylation of this novel polysaccharide (Se-SWP) was undertaken by using microwave synthesis. In vitro evaluation showed that the Se-SWP has excellent antioxidant activity on scavenging free radicals and reducing capacity. In vivo antitumor evaluation showed selenylation polysaccharide could effectively inhibit tumor growth (>50%) and adjust immune factor levels in the mice (IL-2, TNF-α, and VEGF). The antidiabetic potential of Se-SWP was tested in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that the Se-SWP treatment significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and other disadvantageous factors that were increased by the STZ treatment. Meanwhile, the Se-SWP treatment caused a significant increase in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants in the organs of diabetic rats. All of the activity evaluations indicated that the selenylation method could improve the activity of sweet potato polysaccharide and its efficacy as a potential therapeutic, which will be the focus of further study.

A novel recycling system for nano-magnetic molecular imprinting immobilised cellulases: Synergistic recovery of anthocyanin from fruit and vegetable waste.

Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) is become a serious problem in developing countries. Enzymolysis is a potentially useful method for the treatment of FVW. In the present study, novel recycled magnetic molecular imprinting immobilised cellulases were prepared based on magnetic modified chitosan (MCTS) and Fe3O4. The properties of obtained were characterised by IR and grain-size measurements. Evaluation of a single factor affecting the loading efficiency of supports and the mixed immobilised enzymes showed better capacity than single immobilised, or free, enzymes. The immobilisation process could improve cellulase stability and repeatability of the method. Meanwhile, the kinetic parameters were also verified. The immobilised enzymes retained most of their capacity after 60days' storage while free enzymes lost it within 30days. Tests showed that the immobilised enzymes developed excellent capacity and five anthocyanins were collected.