RESUMEN
Lasting B cell persistence depends on survival signals that are transduced by cell surface receptors. In this study, we describe a novel biological mechanism essential for survival and homeostasis of normal peripheral mature B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, regulated by the heparin-binding cytokine, midkine (MK), and its proteoglycan receptor, the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ). We demonstrate that MK initiates a signaling cascade leading to B cell survival by binding to RPTPζ. In mice lacking PTPRZ, the proportion and number of the mature B cell population are reduced. Our results emphasize a unique and critical function for MK signaling in the previously described MIF/CD74-induced survival pathway. Stimulation of CD74 with MIF leads to c-Met activation, resulting in elevation of MK expression in both normal mouse splenic B and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Our results indicate that MK and RPTPζ are important regulators of the B cell repertoire. These findings could pave the way toward understanding the mechanisms shaping B cell survival and suggest novel therapeutic strategies based on the blockade of the MK/RPTPζ-dependent survival pathway.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/inmunología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/inmunología , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas Clase 2 Similares a Receptores/inmunología , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Supervivencia Celular/inmunología , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Midkina , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/inmunología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas Clase 2 Similares a Receptores/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas Clase 2 Similares a Receptores/metabolismo , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento/genética , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/metabolismoRESUMEN
The continuous recirculation of mature lymphocytes and their entry into the peripheral lymph nodes are crucial for the development of an immune response to foreign antigens. Occasionally, the entry and the subsequent response of T lymphocytes in these sites lead to severe inflammation and pathological conditions. Here, we characterized the tetraspanin molecule, CD151, as a regulator of T cell motility in health and in models of inflammatory bowel disease. CD151 formed a cell surface complex with VLA-4 and LFA-1 integrins, and its activation led to enhanced migration of T cells. Picomolar levels of CCL2 that were previously shown to inhibit T-cell migration to lymph nodes suppressed CD151 expression and dissociated CD151-integrin complexes in T lymphocytes, resulting in attenuated migration toward T-cell attractant chemokines. To directly inhibit CD151 function, a truncated CD151 peptide fragment mimicking of the CD151 extracellular loop was designed. CD151 extracellular loop inhibited T-cell migration in vitro and in vivo and attenuated the development of dextrane sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, CD151 is a key orchestrator of T cell motility; interference with its proper function results in attenuated progression of inflammatory bowel disease.