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1.
Parasite Immunol ; 46(6): e13039, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38838041

RESUMO

Ticks are notorious blood-sucking ectoparasites that affect both humans and animals. They serve as a unique vector of various deadly diseases. Here, we have shown the roles of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) during repeated infestations by the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis using RAGE-/- mice. In primary infestation, a large blood pool developed, which was flooded with numerous RBCs, especially during the rapid feeding phase of the tick both in wild-type (wt) and RAGE-/- mice. Very few inflammatory cells were detected around the zones of haemorrhage in the primary infestations. However, the number of inflammatory cells gradually increased in the subsequent tick infestations, and during the third infestations, the number of inflammatory cells reached to the highest level (350.3 ± 16.8 cells/focus). The site of attachment was totally occupied by the inflammatory cells in wt mice, whereas very few cells were detected at the ticks' biting sites in RAGE-/- mice. RAGE was highly expressed during the third infestation in wt mice. In the third infestation, infiltration of CD44+ lymphocytes, eosinophils and expression of S100A8 and S100B significantly increased at the biting sites of ticks in wt, but not in RAGE-/- mice. In addition, peripheral eosinophil counts significantly increased in wt but not in RAGE-/- mice. Taken together, our study revealed that RAGE-mediated inflammation and eosinophils played crucial roles in the tick-induced inflammatory reactions.


Assuntos
Inflamação , Ixodidae , Camundongos Knockout , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Infestações por Carrapato , Animais , Ixodidae/genética , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/genética , Camundongos , Infestações por Carrapato/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Feminino , Comportamento Alimentar , Haemaphysalis longicornis
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(34): 20848-20859, 2020 08 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32778586

RESUMO

Tuberculosis (TB) claims 1.5 million lives per year. This situation is largely due to the low efficacy of the only licensed TB vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against pulmonary TB. The metabolic disease type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for TB and the mechanisms underlying increased TB susceptibility in T2D are not well understood. Furthermore, it is unknown if new TB vaccines will provide protection in the context of T2D. Here we used a diet-induced murine model of T2D to investigate the underlying mechanisms of TB/T2D comorbidity and to evaluate the protective capacity of two experimental TB vaccines in comparison to conventional BCG. Our data reveal a distinct immune dysfunction that is associated with diminished recognition of mycobacterial antigens in T2D. More importantly, we provide compelling evidence that mucosal delivery of recombinant BCG strains expressing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ESX-1 secretion system (BCG::RD1 and BCG::RD1 ESAT-6 ∆92-95) are safe and confer superior immunity against aerosol Mtb infection in the context of T2D. Our findings suggest that the remarkable anti-TB immunity by these recombinant BCG strains is achieved via augmenting the numbers and functional capacity of antigen presenting cells in the lungs of diabetic mice.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/metabolismo , Vacina BCG , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pulmão/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mucosa/imunologia , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Tuberculose/imunologia , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/imunologia , Vacinação
3.
Anim Biotechnol ; 34(7): 2007-2016, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35446730

RESUMO

CatSper1 and TNP2 genes are known to affect semen quality and fertility parameters, including sperm motility and maturation. However, studies are yet to examine the genes in indigenous and crossbred cattle in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the genetic variants of CatSper1 and TNP2 in indigenous and crossbred cattle in Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from 130 indigenous and 70 crossbred (Holstein Friesian × indigenous) cattle. Nucleotide variation was evaluated by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. The results of the study showed that the indigenous cattle possessed only TT genotype (1.0), whereas the crossbreds possessed both TT (0.91) and CT (0.09) genotypes, which was validated by gene sequencing. Additionally, the CatSper1 was conserved in both the indigenous and crossbred cattle, suggesting good semen quality and fertility. However, the TNP2 was conserved in the indigenous breeds and mostly conserved in the crossbreds. The findings of this study reveal the diversity of CatSper1 and TNP2 genes in indigenous and crossbred cattle.


Assuntos
Análise do Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Bovinos/genética , Masculino , Animais , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/genética , Bangladesh , Fertilidade/genética , Genótipo
4.
Chem Biodivers ; 20(8): e202300510, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37471642

RESUMO

Nanotechnology is gaining enormous attention as the most dynamic research area in science and technology. It involves the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials in diverse fields including medical, agriculture, textiles, food technology, cosmetics, aerospace, electronics, etc. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in such applications due to their excellent physicochemical, antibacterial, and biological properties. The use of plant extract as a biological reactor is one of the most promising solutions for the synthesis of AgNPs because this process overcomes the drawbacks of physical and chemical methods. This review article summarizes the plant-mediated synthesis process, the probable reaction mechanism, and the colorimetric sensing applications of AgNPs. Plant-mediated synthesis parameters largely affect the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic due to the changes in the size and shape of AgNPs. These changes in the size and shape of plant-mediated AgNPs are elaborately discussed here by analyzing the surface plasmon resonance characteristics. Furthermore, this article also highlights the promising applications of plant-mediated AgNPs in sensing applications regarding the detection of mercury, hydrogen peroxide, lead, and glucose. Finally, it describes the future perspective of plant-mediated AgNPs for the development of green chemistry.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Prata/química , Colorimetria/métodos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Química Verde
5.
Anim Biotechnol ; 33(1): 110-115, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32567473

RESUMO

The study was conducted to determine the genetic variants of κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin genes in native cattle. DNA was extracted from blood samples (n = 80) collected from Babuganj, Barishal followed by PCR with gene-specific primers. Genotyping was done by RFLP with HindIII, and HaeIII restriction enzymes. Allelic and genotypic frequencies, genetic diversity, heterozygosity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were estimated using the Popgen32 software. A total 80 samples were genotyped and three genotypes, namely AA, AB and BB, were detected for both the genes. In case of κ-casein gene, higher frequency was observed for AA genotype (0.73) followed by AB (0.23) and BB (0.04) genotype. A allele (0.84) was found to dominate over B allele (0.16). For ß-lactoglobulin gene, BB genotype (0.66) was found more frequently than AB (0.18) and AA (0.16) genotypes. Highest frequency was found for B (0.75) followed by A (0.25) allele. The average genetic diversity (He) was 0.38. The result indicated differences between observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity and it was out of equilibrium genetics, assumed that selection pressure was in population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported study on κ-casein and ß-lactoglobulin gene variants analysis in cattle in Bangladesh.


Assuntos
Caseínas , Lactoglobulinas , Alelos , Animais , Bangladesh , Caseínas/genética , Bovinos/genética , Genótipo , Lactoglobulinas/genética
6.
Cell Tissue Res ; 370(3): 451-460, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28975451

RESUMO

The role of inflammation and the mechanism of tendon healing after rupture has historically been a matter of controversy. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of mast cells and their relation to the NMDA receptor-1 (a glutamate receptor) during healing after Achilles tendon rupture. Eight female Sprague Dawley rats had their right Achilles tendon transected. Three weeks after rupture, histological quantification of mast cell numbers and their state of degranulation was assessed by histochemistry. Co-localization of mast cell tryptase (a mast cell marker) and NMDA receptor-1 was determined by immunofluorescence. The intact left Achilles tendon was used as control. An increased number of mast cells and a higher proportion of degranulated mast cells were found in the healing Achilles tendon compared to the intact. In addition, increased co-localization of mast cell tryptase and NMDA receptor-1 was seen in the areas of myotendinous junction, mid-tendon proper and bone tendon junction of the healing versus the intact tendon. These findings introduce a possible role for mast cells in the healing phase after Achilles tendon rupture.


Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo/lesões , Degranulação Celular/fisiologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Traumatismos dos Tendões/patologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Tendão do Calcâneo/patologia , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Triptases/metabolismo
7.
Nagoya J Med Sci ; 79(1): 55-64, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28303062

RESUMO

The World Health Organization (WHO) Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014-2023) aimed to help member states promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine. While economic conditions have markedly improved in Bangladesh, the country is experiencing significant public health problems. Because of limited medical resources, there is a strong incentive to enhance complementary and alternative medicine usage in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the perceptions and attitudes of medical doctors (MDs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with regard to Ayurvedic medicine (AM). A total number of 159 MDs in Dhaka were interviewed by face-to-face between February and June 2015. The study revealed that 62.0% of MDs had treated patients with AM and 55.3% believed that AM should be regarded as its own specialty, whereas 39.7% of MDs believed that AM should be part of the conventional medical curriculum and 32.7% thought that AM did not seem scientific. In terms of gender, 45.3% of male MDs agreed or strongly agreed that AM only had a placebo effect. On the other hand, 65.8% of female MDs disagreed or strongly disagreed it. In terms of age, 77.0% of MDs aged 36 or elder (elder MDs) believed they were more likely to recommend AM use and 80.3% of elder MDs believed that the government should encourage more initiatives to promote AM. To enhance AM use, scientifically robust information on the efficacy, safety and scientific basis of AM should be more effectively conveyed to male MDs.


Assuntos
Ayurveda , Médicos/psicologia , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Atitude , Bangladesh , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Percepção
8.
Nagoya J Med Sci ; 78(1): 99-107, 2016 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27019531

RESUMO

Bangladesh is now facing the public health problems of deficiency of iron and iodine, especially for women. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh has implemented strong countermeasures to enhance the health condition of the nation. On the other hand, based on the concept of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, complementary and alternative medicine should be used more vigorously to enhance public health in the world. The usage of complementary and alternative medicine such as ayurvedic medicine (AM) should be increased in Bangladesh. Therefore we conducted the study on perceptions of AM by citizens in Dhaka, Bangladesh in order to promote and enhance the effective usage of AM, including herbal medicines as medical resources, from December 2010 to January 2011. This study showed younger citizens (61.1%) did not get more benefit from AM than elder citizens (48.0%). On the other hand, younger citizens (76.8%) did not get more harm from AM than elder citizens (70.1%). We think that in terms of effectiveness of AM, the younger generation in Dhaka seems to be more skeptical to AM than the elder generation in Dhaka, even though the younger generation are more satisfied with AM than the elder generation. With viewpoint of enhancement of usage of AM in Dhaka, we think that scientifically sound information on AM should be collected rigorously and brought to the citizens vigorously to remove the skeptical feeling of AM from younger citizen in Dhaka. In terms of the effective utilization of limited medical resources, AM should be used appropriately in Bangladesh, Asia and the world.


Assuntos
Ayurveda , Ásia , Bangladesh , Humanos , Percepção , Satisfação Pessoal
9.
Nagoya J Med Sci ; 78(4): 387-398, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28008194

RESUMO

Unsafe food is linked to the deaths of an estimated two million people annually. Food containing harmful agents is responsible for more than 200 diseases ranging from diarrhoea to cancers. A one-sample pilot intervention study was conducted to evaluate the role of courtyard counselling meetings as the means of intervention for improving food safety knowledge and practices among household food handlers in a district of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in three phases: a baseline survey, the intervention and an end-line survey between April and November 2015 where 194 food handlers took part. Data were collected through observations and face-to-face interviews. The mean age of the respondents was 38.8 (±12.4) years, all of whom were females. Hand washing before eating, and washing utensils with soap were significantly improved at the end-line in comparison to the baseline (57% vs. 40% and 83% vs. 69%, respectively). Hand washing with soap was increased by 4%. The mean score of food handling practices was significantly increased after the intervention (20.5 vs. 22.1; P<0.001). However, hand washing after use of toilet was unchanged after the intervention (75% vs.76%). Knowledge about safe food and the necessity of thorough cooking were significantly increased after the intervention (88% from 64% and 34% from 21%, respectively). Mean scores of knowledge and practice on food safety were significantly increased by 1.9 and 1.6, respectively after the one month intervention. Thus this food safety education in rural communities should be scaled up and, indeed, strengthened using the courtyard counselling meetings in Bangladesh.

10.
Nagoya J Med Sci ; 77(1-2): 41-9, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25797969

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases among migrants in Kyrgyzstan and to estimate the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF, which has been operated in Kyrgyzstan since 2012. Characteristics of 3,714 suspected cases among migrants were analysed. In addition, by using data of 300 cases with culture results, sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF, both for detection of TB and rifampicin susceptibility, were assessed. Among 3,714 suspected cases, 56.1% were male, and the median age was 35 years old. Of the suspected cases, 17.2% were previously-treated. In total, 809 (21.8%) were smear-positive; 36.8% among previously-treated cases and 18.7% among new cases. Among 300 selected participants, 235 (78.3%) were culture-positive. Of those who were confirmed as TB positive, recurrent cases showed a higher proportion of rifampicin resistance than new cases (59.3% vs 42.6%). For detection of TB, the sensitivity and specificity of XpertMTB/RIF (81.3% and 98.2%) were higher than those of microscopy (70.2% and 71.4%). Sensitivity and specificity for detection of rifampicin resistance were 96.8% and 91.8%, respectively. The rifampicin resistance rate in the study population was higher than the national average. Xpert MTB/RIF showed higher accuracy in detecting TB cases than microscopic diagnosis. Higher accuracy and earlier detection of drug susceptibility is especially important for those who have difficulty in accessing healthcare and those who are easily lost from tracking, including migrants.

11.
Environ Health Prev Med ; 19(2): 126-34, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24105352

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Burning of biomass fuel (cow-dung, crop residue, dried leaves, wood, etc.) in the kitchen releases smoke, which may impair the respiratory functions of women cooking there. This paper aimed to compare the respiratory symptoms between biomass fuel users and gas fuel users in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews and chest examination of 224 adult women using biomass fuel in a rural village and 196 adult women using gas fuel in an urban area. RESULTS: The prevalence of respiratory involvement (at least one among nine symptoms and two diseases) was significantly higher among biomass users than among gas users (29.9 vs. 11.2 %). After adjustment for potential confounders by a logistic model, the odds ratio (OR) of the biomass users for the respiratory involvement was significantly higher (OR = 3.23, 95 % confidence interval 1.30-8.01). The biomass fuel use elevated symptoms/diseases significantly; the adjusted OR was 3.04 for morning cough, 7.41 for nasal allergy, and 5.94 for chronic bronchitis. The mean peak expiratory flow rate of biomass users (253.83 l/min) was significantly lower than that of gas users (282.37 l/min). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows significant association between biomass fuel use and respiratory involvement among rural women in Bangladesh, although the potential confounding of urban/rural residency could not be ruled out in the analysis. The use of smoke-free stoves and adequate ventilation along with health education to the rural population to increase awareness about the health effects of indoor biomass fuel use might have roles to prevent these involvements.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/efeitos adversos , Culinária , Calefação/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Biomassa , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Doenças Respiratórias/induzido quimicamente , Saúde da População Rural , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
12.
Heliyon ; 10(2): e24261, 2024 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38293416

RESUMO

In this study, we describe and successfully solve a jet engine vibration equation using a straightforward tool known as the He's frequency-amplitude Method (HFAM). The jet engine vibration system demonstrates diverse applications across aerospace, power generation, industrial machinery, transportation, marine propulsion, energy optimization, defense, and aviation training. Utilizing HFAM, we derive periodic solutions in a general form for this system, considering various cases dependent on damping and driving forces. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of HFAM as a distinct and straightforward technique for nonlinear equations. By comparing the solutions with numerical results obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, we demonstrate the excellent accuracy of our solutions.

13.
Heliyon ; 10(18): e37746, 2024 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39315242

RESUMO

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), a protein-rich pulse crop, is often overlooked due to its association with neurolathyrism and its neurotoxin, ß-ODAP. The study aims to compare the ß-ODAP content, chemical, and functional properties of four BARI varieties and two local varieties of grass pea seed flour. The findings presented that the ß-ODAP content of BARI varieties grass pea flour was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than local varieties, and the least amount of ß-ODAP was found in BARI-3 varieties (0.086 %), which is below the safe level (0.15 %) for consumption. The safe level of neurotoxin was also found in the BARI-1 variety (0.13 %), but local varieties grass pea flour of Pabna and Tangail showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) value of 0.39 and 0.49 % ß-ODAP content, respectively. There were no significant differences in protein content among BARI and local varieties, with the highest value of 26.58 % protein content found in the BARI-2 variety. In terms of functional properties, the BARI-5 variety had the highest water absorption capacity (2.92 ml/g) and oil absorption capacity (1.48 ml/g). The grass pea BARI variety, with its high oil absorption capacity and low ß-ODAP content, can be utilized in food formulations for bakery products, sausages, and functional ingredients.

14.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15304, 2024 07 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38961188

RESUMO

Inflammation, corticosteroids, and loading all affect tendon healing, with an interaction between them. However, underlying mechanisms behind the effect of corticosteroids and the interaction with loading remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dexamethasone during tendon healing, including specific effects on tendon cells. Rats (n = 36) were randomized to heavy loading or mild loading, the Achilles tendon was transected, and animals were treated with dexamethasone or saline. Gene and protein analyses of the healing tendon were performed for extracellular matrix-, inflammation-, and tendon cell markers. We further tested specific effects of dexamethasone on tendon cells in vitro. Dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of ACTA2/α-SMA, irrespective of load level. Heavy loading + dexamethasone reduced mRNA levels of FN1 and TenC (p < 0.05), while resolution-related genes were unaltered (p > 0.05). In contrast, mild loading + dexamethasone increased mRNA levels of resolution-related genes ANXA1, MRC1, PDPN, and PTGES (p < 0.03). Altered protein levels were confirmed in tendons with mild loading. Dexamethasone treatment in vitro prevented tendon construct formation, increased mRNA levels of S100A4 and decreased levels of SCX and collagens. Dexamethasone during tendon healing appears to act through immunomodulation by promoting resolution, but also through an effect on tendon cells.


Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo , Dexametasona , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Cicatrização , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Animais , Ratos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos dos Tendões/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismos dos Tendões/metabolismo , Tendão do Calcâneo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tendão do Calcâneo/metabolismo , Tendão do Calcâneo/lesões , Tendão do Calcâneo/patologia , Proteína A4 de Ligação a Cálcio da Família S100/metabolismo , Proteína A4 de Ligação a Cálcio da Família S100/genética , Masculino , Anexina A1/metabolismo , Anexina A1/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Actinas/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tendões/efeitos dos fármacos , Tendões/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos
15.
Inflammation ; 2024 Apr 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38565760

RESUMO

Mast cells (MCs) are known to have a pathological impact in a variety of settings, in particular in allergic conditions. There is also limited evidence implicating MCs in diabetes, raising the possibility that MC function may be influenced by alterations in glucose levels. However, it is not known whether MCs are directly affected by elevated glucose concentrations. Moreover, it is not known which glucose transporters that are expressed by MCs, and whether MCs are dependent on glucose transporters for activation. Here we addressed these issues. We show that MCs express high levels of both glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2A1) and GLUT3 (Slc2A3). Further, we show that the inhibition of either GLUT1 or GLUT3 dampens both MC degranulation and cytokine induction in response to IgE receptor crosslinking, and that combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition causes an even more pronounced inhibition of these parameters. In contrast, the inhibition of GLUT1 or GLUT3, or combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition, had less impact on the ability of the MCs to respond to activation via compound 48/80. Elevated glucose concentrations did not affect MC viability, and had no stimulatory effect on MC responses to either IgE receptor crosslinking or compound 48/80. Altogether, these findings reveal that MCs are strongly dependent on glucose transport via GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 for optimal responses towards IgE-mediated activation, whereas MC functionality is minimally affected by elevated glucose levels. Based on these findings, antagonists of GLUT1 and GLUT3 may be considered for therapeutic intervention in allergic conditions.

16.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(4): e1476, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767557

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to describe a very rare case of gallstone (cholelithiasis) in a goat associated with chronic fasciolosis. During a routine slaughterhouse-based survey, a two-and-half-year-old female Black Bengal Goat was found to be affected with severe chronic fascioliosis characterized by the massive damage in the liver. Through systemic dissection of liver, we isolated 94 adult Fasciola spp., and by PCR, we confirmed the fluke as Fasciola gigantica. The gallbladder of the goat was oedematous. On opening the gallbladder, we recovered 255 stones of variable sizes. Stones were whitish in colour and friable, and some of the fragile stones were attached to the wall of the gallbladder. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the cholelithiasis in a goat associated with F. gigantica.


Assuntos
Colelitíase , Fasciolíase , Doenças das Cabras , Cabras , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/epidemiologia , Feminino , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Colelitíase/veterinária , Colelitíase/etiologia , Fasciola/isolamento & purificação , Doença Crônica/veterinária
17.
Infect Dis Poverty ; 13(1): 40, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38822386

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Opisthorchiid flukes, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metorchis spp. are the most common fish-borne zoonotic human liver flukes (hLFs). Liver fluke infections are more prevalent in resource-deprived and underprivileged areas. We herein estimated the prevalence of the metacercariae (MC) of major hLFs in common large freshwater fishes (lFWF) marketed for human consumption from some selected areas of Bangladesh along with detection of their molluscan vectors and reservoirs. METHODS: The current status of fish-borne zoonotic hLF infections in lFWF was investigated along with their molluscan vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts in Mymensingh and Kishoreganj in Bangladesh from July 2018-June 2022 using conventional and multiple molecular techniques, such as PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The infection rate of fishes was analyzed using the Z-test and the loads of MC were compared using the chi-squared (χ2) test. RESULTS: The MC of C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., and Metorchis spp. were detected in 11 species of common and popular lFWF. In lFWF, the estimated prevalence was 18.7% and the mean load was 137.4 ± 149.8 MC per 100 g of fish. The prevalence was the highest (P < 0.05) in spotted snakehead fishes (Channa punctata, 63.6%). The highest rate of infection (P < 0.05) was observed with the MC of C. sinensis (11.8%). Metacercariae were almost equally (P > 0.05) distributed between the head and body of fishes. The infection rate was slightly higher in cultured (19.6%) fishes. The MC of C. sinensis, O. felineus, O. viverrini, and Metorchis orientalis in fishes were confirmed using PCR, PCR-RFLP and bioinformatics. The cercariae of opisthorchiid (Pleurolophocercus cercariae) flukes were only recovered from Bithynia spp. (3.9%, 42 out of 1089). The ova of hLFs from dogs (4.3%, 5 out of 116) and cats (6.0%, 6 out of 100), and adult flukes (M. orientalis) from ducks (41.1% 113 out of 275) were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The MC of hLFs are highly prevalent in fresh water fishes in Bangladesh. Reservoir hosts, such as street dogs, cats, and ducks carried the patent infection, and residents of Bangladesh are at risk.


Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças , Doenças dos Peixes , Peixes , Água Doce , Zoonoses , Animais , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Água Doce/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Humanos , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Vetores de Doenças , Prevalência , Opisthorchis/genética , Opisthorchis/isolamento & purificação , Metacercárias/genética , Metacercárias/isolamento & purificação , Clonorchis sinensis/genética , Clonorchis sinensis/isolamento & purificação , Moluscos/parasitologia
18.
Poult Sci ; 103(3): 103405, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38183880

RESUMO

Ascaridia galli is the most common nematode in chickens. Ascaridia galli is highly prevalent in chickens reared in scavenging or semiscavenging systems. Here, we studied the epidemiology, pathology, genetic diversity, ex vivo culture protocol and anthelmintic sensitivity of A. galli prevalent in indigenous chickens in Bangladesh. Through morphological study and molecular analyses, the isolated worms were confirmed as A. galli. Of the chickens examined, 45.6% (178 out of 390) were found infected. The male and young chickens were significantly (P < 0.05) more prone to A. galli infection. Prevalence of the infection was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the summer season. In heavy infections, A. galli blocked the small intestine. Marked inflammation, increased mucus production and petechial hemorrhages were evident in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum. Also, there were desquamation and adhesion of the mucosal villi; degeneration, necrosis of the epithelial cells and goblet cell hyperplasia. The mucosal layer was infiltrated mainly with eosinophils and heterophils. We developed a hen egg white-based long-term ex vivo culture protocol which supported the survival and reproduction of A. galli for more than a week. Levamisole (LEV) and ivermectin (IVM) efficiently killed A. galli. However, albendazole (ABZ), mebendazole (MBZ), and piperazine (PPZ) did not kill the worms even at 120 µg/mL and 1mg/mL concentrations, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that A. galli is highly prevalent in semiscavenging chickens in Bangladesh. Ascaridia galli can be easily maintained ex vivo in egg white supplemented M199 medium. LEV and IVM, but not ABZ, MBZ and PPZ, can be used for treating and controlling A. galli infections in chickens.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos , Anti-Infecciosos , Animais , Masculino , Ascaridia , Galinhas , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Albendazol , Levamisol , Mebendazol , Ivermectina
19.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 120(3): 570-582, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39232601

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can be diagnosed using weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) and/or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Although some favor using MUAC alone, valuing its presumed ability to identify children at greatest need for nutritional care, the functional severity and physiological responses to treatment in children with varying deficits in WHZ and MUAC remain inadequately characterized. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare clinical and biochemical responses to treatment in children with 1) both low MUAC and low WHZ, 2) low MUAC-only, and 3) low WHZ-only. METHODS: A multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in children aged 6-59 mo with nonedematous, uncomplicated SAM in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, and Liberia. Anthropometric measurements and critical indicators were collected 3 times during treatment; metrics included clinical status, nutritional status, viability, and serum leptin, a biomarker of mortality risk in SAM. RESULTS: Children with combined MUAC and WHZ deficits had greater increases in leptin levels during treatment than those with low MUAC alone, showing a 34.4% greater increase on the second visit (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6%, 43.6%; P = 0.02) and a 34.3% greater increase on the third visit (95% CI: 13.2%, 50.3%; P = 0.01). Similarly, weight gain velocity was higher by 1.56 g/kg/d in the combined deficit group (95% CI: 0.38, 2.75; P = 0.03) compared with children with low MUAC-only. Children with combined deficits had higher rates of iron deficiency and wasting while those with low WHZ alone and combined deficits had higher rates of tachypnea and pneumonia during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Given the comparable treatment responses of children with low WHZ alone and those with low MUAC alone, and the greater vulnerability at admission and during treatment in those with combined deficits, our findings support retaining WHZ as an independent diagnostic and admission criterion of SAM, alongside MUAC. This trial was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT03400930 as NCT03400930.


Assuntos
Desnutrição Aguda Grave , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Burkina Faso , Estudos de Coortes , Estado Nutricional , Libéria , Leptina/sangue , Peso Corporal
20.
Heliyon ; 10(4): e25880, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38384579

RESUMO

The current study assessed the hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. In order to conduct this study, 36 Wistar rats that were collected at 5 weeks of age and weighed an average of 70 g were split into two groups: 28 of them were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and 8 of them were fed a control diet. After 5 weeks of feeding, rats from the HFD (obese, n = 4) and the control diet group (n = 4) were sacrificed. Subsequently, the rest of obese rats (n = 24) were separated into six groups, including the continuing high-fat (CHF) diet group, rice bran oil (RBO) diet group, olive oil (OO) diet group, soybean oil (SO) diet group, cod liver oil (CLO) diet group, and sunflower oil (SFO) diet group, and the continuing control diet group (n = 4). Rats from each group were sacrificed following an additional 5 weeks, and all analytical tests were carried out. The results found that the interventions of RBO, CLO, and SFO in obese rats reduced their body weight non-significantly when compared with CHF. It was also observed that a non-significant reduction in weight of the heart, AAT, and EAT occurred by RBO, OO, SO, and CLO, while SFO reduced the AAT level significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, RBO, OO, SO, CLO, and SFO decreased IBAT and liver fat significantly compared to CHF. Similarly, the administration of RBO, OO, SO, and CLO reduced ALT significantly. RBO reduced GGT (p < 0.05) significantly, but other oils did not. The given oil has the efficiency to reduce TC, TAG, and LDL-C but increase HDL-C significantly. These findings suggest that different edible oils can ameliorate obesity, regulate lipid profiles, and modulate hepatic enzymes.

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