RESUMO
The relationship between preoperative malnutrition and morbi-mortality has been documented for years. Despite the existence of tools that allow its detection, and therefore treat this entity, their introduction into clinical practice is not wide-spread. Both perioperative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are associated with increased perioperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. The intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks 2-4h prior to surgery reduces insulin resistance. In the immediate postoperative period, the enteral route is safe and well tolerated and its early use reduces hospital stay and postoperative complications compared with parenteral nutritional support. Inmunonutrition has been proven effective to decrease postoperative complications and hospital stay. In view of these data we opted for the adoption of these measures replacing bowel rest and the indiscriminate use of postoperative parenteral nutrition.
Assuntos
Apoio Nutricional , Assistência Perioperatória , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Nutrição Enteral , Jejum , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent. Various European resolutions urge to screen and treat DRM. No policy in this regard has yet been developed in Extremadura (Spain). OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of DRM (defined as NRS 2002≥3) using an analytical method (FILNUT), and to compare it with the official rate. RESULTS: FILNUT scores≥3 showed values of sensitivity (S) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 82.3% and 72.3% respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between men and women using this tool. FILNUT showed a significantly higher sensitivity for detecting malnutrition in medical - as compared to surgical - diseases when low scores were used. The estimated prevalence of DRM was 21.4%. Prevalence of DRM is much greater than officially reported. CONCLUSIONS: FILNUT scores≥3 show high sensitivity and PPV for detecting DRM, and is a good alternative as a nutritional screening tool to detect malnutrition at our center.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Avaliação Nutricional , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Prevalência , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Disease related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spain, affecting 23% of in-hospital patients, and is associated with clinical complications. Specialized nutritional support (SNS) can reduce these complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study carried out in standard clinical practice conditions to test if SNS during the first 5 days of hospitalization, or subsequently, was associated to a lower length of stay or reduced complications in patients with a NRS-2002 score≥3 points. RESULTS: In the group of patients who initiated early SNS, the length of stay was 8.83 days shorter than in the group with a later introduction (95% CI 3.55-14.10); nevertheless, the higher prevalence of male and oncological patients in this group could have impacted the results. A tendency towards a statistically significant lower mortality rate and a reduced amount of total complications was described. CONCLUSION: The early introduction of SNS (within the first 5 days of hospitalization) in patients with DRM was associated with a 32.4% reduction in the length of stay.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/terapia , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: DRM is a highly prevalent condition in Spanish hospitals and is associated to increased healthcare costs. Costs associated to DRM were calculated using the methods of the PREDyCES study. The potential savings derived from specialized nutritional treatment were calculated by extrapolating the results of the SNAQ strategy. RESULTS: Median cost per procedure in patients with DRM was 9,679.85, with a final cost of 28,700,775.2. The cost of each patient with DRM was 2.63 times higher than the cost of patients with no DRM. The potential cost saving associated to specialized nutritional treatment was estimated at 1,682,317.28 (5.86% of total cost associated to DRM). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DRM showed a higher consumption of financial resources as compared to well-nourished patients. Specialized nutritional treatment is a potential cost-saving procedure.
Assuntos
Redução de Custos/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Desnutrição/economia , Inquéritos Nutricionais/economia , Feminino , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Desnutrição/dietoterapia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/etiologia , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RATIONALE: Hyperprolactinemia is considered a troubling adverse effect of antipsychotics. Direct comparisons among second generation antipsychotics are scant in clinical practice. We hypothesize prolactin-sparing second-generation antipsychotics may have differential effects on prolactin levels and that they may be influenced by sex. OBJECTIVES: To explore the differential effect of three widely used prolactin-sparing antipsychotics, aripiprazole, quetiapine and ziprasidone, on prolactin plasma levels in first episode non-affective psychosis during a 1year of treatment. METHOD: From October 2005 to January 2011 a prospective, randomized, open-label study was undertaken. 141 patients who were randomly allocated to aripiprazole (N=56), quetiapine (N=36) or ziprasidone (N=49) were analyzed. The main outcome was differences in prolactin plasma levels over 1year follow-up among the three antipsychotics. Prolactin levels had a skewed distribution and therefore they were log-transformed before statistical analyses. RESULTS: Male patients on aripiprazole had a lower risk of suffering an increase on prolactin plasma levels (N=71; F=12.645; p<0.001). There was a gender effect with smaller changes in mean prolactin values only in males. Aripiprazole had a reduced risk of hyperprolactinemia (aripiprazole 19.6%) compared to quetiapine (44.4%) and ziprasidone (32.7%) (p=0.038); and quite similar findings were found when investigating males (p=0.040). No significant differences were found in females. The percentages of mild prolactin excess were: 14.3% on aripiprazole, 36.1% on quetiapine and 18.4% on ziprasidone (χ2=6.611 p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide additional evidence of differential effects of three sparing-prolactin antipsychotics on prolactin release and may help clinicians to decide among therapeutic options.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Prolactina/sangue , Transtornos Psicóticos/sangue , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Aripiprazol/uso terapêutico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica Breve , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Prolactina/efeitos dos fármacos , Fumarato de Quetiapina/uso terapêutico , Caracteres Sexuais , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Disease Related Malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals. WHO estimates that 20-40% of health-associated expenses are lost due to inefficiency. Demonstration that DRM is a component of inefficiency and hiring a specialist physician for its detection and treatment is cost-effective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comparison between nutritional diagnosis and procedures detected and encoded at discharge using McNemar test. Recoding of 162 discharge reports including nutritional diagnoses and procedures. Determine changes on Case-Mix Index (IC), cost of procedure and cost procedure/DRG index. Comparison using T-student paired test. RESULTS: Only 10 of 162 diagnoses of malnutrition were coded in delivery statements (p < 0.001). After right codification, IC increased in 103,3 DRG points (p < 0.001). Consequently, procedure cost/DRG index was reduced in 978.81 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DRM is underdiagnosed in our hospital. DRM and nutritional procedures detection by a doctor specialist in clinical nutrition led to a reduction in cost procedure/DRG index of 16.8% of officially established by the Health System. Loss of 16.8% of health expenses, estimated in 424.785,15 was described. Proper codification would have justified 343.291,2 reimbursement just for nutritional diagnoses and processes. Both expenses were lost due to system's inefficiency. Those amounts are much higher than cost associated of hiring a specialist in clinical nutrition.
Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício , Desnutrição/economia , Terapia Nutricional/economia , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Pessoal de Saúde , Custos Hospitalares , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/dietoterapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação Nutricional , Terapia Nutricional/normas , Ciências da Nutrição , Estado Nutricional , Apoio Nutricional , Alta do Paciente , Espanha , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Adequate nutritional support includes many different aspects, but poor understanding of clinical nutrition by health care professionales often results in an inadequate prescription. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted to compare enteral and parenteral nutritional support plans prescribed by specialist and non-specialist physicians. RESULTS: Non-specialist physicians recorded anthropometric data from only 13.3% of patients, and none of them performed nutritional assessments. Protein amounts provided by non-specialist physicians were lower than estimated based on ESPEN (10.29g of nitrogen vs 14.62; P<.001). Differences were not statistically significant in the specialist group (14.88g of nitrogen; P=.072). Calorie and glutamine provision and laboratory controls prescribed by specialists were significantly closer to those recommended by clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION: Nutritional support prescribed by specialists in endocrinology and nutrition at San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital was closer to clinical practice guideline standards and of higher quality as compared to that prescribed by non-specialists.
Assuntos
Apoio Nutricional/normas , Médicos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Especialização , Ingestão de Energia , Nutrição Enteral/normas , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Avaliação Nutricional , Nutrição Parenteral/normasRESUMO
Disease Related Malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals. WHO estimates that 20-40% of health-associated expenses are lost due to inefficiency. Demonstration that DRM is a component of inefficiency and hiring a specialist physician for its detection and treatment is cost-effective. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: Comparison between nutritional diagnosis and procedures detected and encoded at discharge using McNemar test. Recoding of 55 discharge reports including nutritional diagnoses and procedures. Determine changes on Case-Mix Index (IC), cost of procedure and cost procedure/GRD index. Comparison using Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Only 2 of 55 diagnoses of malnutrition were coded in delivery statements (p<0,001). After right codification,IC increased in 42,67 GRD points (p<0,05). Consequently, procedure cost/GRD index was reduced in 976,81 (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: DRM is underdiagnosed in our hospital. DRM and nutritional procedures detection by a specialist on endocrinology and nutrition led to a reduction in cost procedure/GRD index of 20% of officially established by the Health System. Loss of 20% of health expenses,estimated in 172690 was described. Proper codification would have justified 154581 reimbursement just for nutritional diagnoses and processes. Both expenses were lost due to system's inefficiency. Those amounts are much higher than cost associated of hiring a specialist, so there is no economic reason for denying it.
La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) es una entidad con alta prevalencia en el medio hospitalario español. Según la OMS, entre el 20 y el 40% del gasto sanitario se pierde por ineficiencia. Demostrar que la DRE es una fuente de ineficiencia y que la contratación de un médico especialista para su detección y tratamiento es coste-efectiva para el sistema. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Comparación de diagnósticos y procedimientos nutricionales detectados y codificados en informes de alta mediante test de McNemar. Recodificación de 55 informes de alta incluyendo diagnósticos y procesos nutricionales. Determinar variaciones en IC, coste proceso, coste proceso/punto GRD tras la recodificación. Comparación con test de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Sólo se codificaron 2 de 55 casos de desnutrición (p<0,001). Tras recodificación el IC aumentó 42,67 puntos (p<0,05), lo que se tradujo en disminución del índice coste proceso/punto GRD en 976,81 (p<0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La DRE no se detecta adecuadamente en el centro. Su detección y la de los procedimientos nutricionales adecuados en manos de un médico especialista en nutrición produjeron una disminución del índice coste proceso/punto GRD de un 20% respecto al coste oficial del sistema. Se produjo una pérdida de un 20% del gasto sanitario, estimado en 172.690 exclusivamente por procesos nutricionales. Su adecuada codificación justificaría un reembolso de 154.581 para la asistencia nutricional. Ambos costes, perdidos por ineficiencia, son superiores a los que implica la contratación de un especialista en endocrinología, por lo que no existe justificación económica para su no contratación.
Assuntos
Endocrinologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Terapia Nutricional/economia , Ciências da Nutrição , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do PacienteRESUMO
Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent. Various European resolutions urge to screen and treat DRM. No policy in this regard has yet been developed in Extremadura (Spain). Objectives: To assess the prevalence of DRM (defined as NRS 2002≥3) using an analytical method (FILNUT), and to compare it with the official rate. Results: FILNUT scores≥3 showed values of sensitivity (S) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 82.3% and 72.3% respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between men and women using this tool. FILNUT showed a significantly higher sensitivity for detecting malnutrition in medical - as compared to surgical - diseases when low scores were used. The estimated prevalence of DRM was 21.4%. Prevalence of DRM is much greater than officially reported. Conclusions: FILNUT scores≥3 show high sensitivity and PPV for detecting DRM, and is a good alternative as a nutritional screening tool to detect malnutrition at our center
Introducción: La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) es una entidad con alta prevalencia. Diversas resoluciones a nivel europeo instan a detectar y tratar la DRE. Aún no se ha desarrollado ninguna política al respecto en Extremadura (España). Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la DRE (definida como NRS 2002≥3) utilizando un método analítico (FILNUT). Comparar dichos resultados con la tasa oficial de pacientes con DRE. Resultados: Una puntuación en FILNUT≥3 mostró unos valores de sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo del 82,3 y 72,3%, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la utilización de esta herramienta por sexos. FILNUT mostró una sensibilidad significativamente mayor para detectar malnutrición en enfermedades médicas cuando se utilizaron valores bajos de la herramienta. La prevalencia estimada de DRE ascendió al 21,4%. La prevalencia de DRE estimada es muy superior a la reportada de forma oficial. Conclusiones: Un valor de FILNUT≥3 puntos presenta alta sensibilidad y VPP para detectar DRE, siendo una buena alternativa para utilizar en nuestro centro como herramienta de cribado nutricional
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Métodos de Análise Laboratorial e de Campo , Especialização , Recursos Humanos em Nutrição , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , PrevalênciaAssuntos
Iodo/urina , Gravidez/fisiologia , Glândula Tireoide/fisiologia , Adulto , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Iodo/deficiência , Gravidez/urina , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Tireotropina/sangueRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Halogenação , Testes de Função Tireóidea/métodos , Glândula Tireoide/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional , Imunoensaio/métodos , Iodo/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introducción y objetivos: La DRE es una entidad con alta prevalencia en nuestro medio hospitalario y conlleva un aumento de los costes sanitarios. Siguiendo la metodología del estudio PREDyCES se estimó el coste asociado a DRE. El ahorro potencial asociado al tratamiento especializado de la DRE se calculó extrapolando los datos de la estrategia SNAQ. Resultados: La mediana del coste por proceso en pacientes con DRE ascendió a 9.679,85 euros/proceso, lo que supuso un coste final de 28.700.775,2 euros. Cada paciente con DRE consumió 2,63 veces más recursos económicos que los pacientes sin DRE. El ahorro potencial asociado al tratamiento especializado de la DRE se estimó en 1.682.317,28 euros (5,86% del gasto asociado a la DRE). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con DRE presentaron un consumo de recursos muy superior al de pacientes normonutridos. Un tratamiento nutricional especializado supondría un ahorro potencial significativo (AU)
Introduction and objectives: DRM is a highly prevalent condition in Spanish hospitals and is associated to increased healthcare costs. Costs associated to DRM were calculated using the methods of the PREDyCES study. The potential savings derived from specialized nutritional treatment were calculated by extrapolating the results of the SNAQ strategy. Results: Median cost per procedure in patients with DRM was euros9,679.85, with a final cost of euros28,700,775.2. The cost of each patient with DRM was 2.63 times higher than the cost of patients with no DRM. The potential cost saving associated to specialized nutritional treatment was estimated at euros1,682,317.28 (5.86% of total cost associated to DRM). Conclusions: Patients with DRM showed a higher consumption of financial resources as compared to well-nourished patients. Specialized nutritional treatment is a potential cost-saving procedure (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Desnutrição/economia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/economia , Indicadores Econômicos , Tempo de Internação , Custos Diretos de Serviços/tendências , 28599RESUMO
Un adecuado plan de soporte nutricional conlleva numerosos aspectos, si bien, la falta de adecuado conocimiento en nutrición clínica de los trabajadores sanitarios en general hace que su prescripción no sea adecuada. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de concordancia comparando soportes nutricionales enterales y parenterales en un mismo individuo con una misma situación de estrés por parte de médicos especialistas en endocrinología y nutrición y médicos no especialistas. Resultados: Los datos antropométricos fueron registrados en un 13,3% de los pacientes por médicos no especialistas, que no realizaron ningún tipo de valoración del estado nutricional previo al inicio del soporte nutricional. El aporte proteico de médicos no especialistas fue inferior a lo estimado según ESPEN (10,29 g de nitrógeno vs 14,62; p < 0,001), no así en el caso de médicos especialistas (14,88 g de nitrógeno; p = 0,072). Los aportes calóricos y de glutamina pautados por especialistas se asemejaron más a lo establecido en las guías de forma estadísticamente significativa, al igual que los controles analíticos realizados. Conclusión: Los soportes nutricionales pautados por los médicos especialistas en endocrinología y nutrición en el Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara se asemejan más a los estándares de las guías de práctica clínica, y son superiores en cuanto a estándares de calidad y cuidado adecuado de los pacientes respecto a los pautados por los médicos no especialistas (AU)
Adequate nutritional support includes many different aspects, but poor understanding of clinical nutrition by health care professionales often results in an inadequate prescription. Material and methods: A study was conducted to compare enteral and parenteral nutritional support plans prescribed by specialist and non-specialist physicians. Results: Non-specialist physicians recorded anthropometric data from only 13.3% of patients, and none of them performed nutritional assessments. Protein amounts provided by non-specialist physicians were lower than estimated based on ESPEN (10.29 g of nitrogen vs 14.62; P < .001). Differences were not statistically significant in the specialist group (14.88 g of nitrogen; P = .072). Calorie and glutamine provision and laboratory controls prescribed by specialists were significantly closer to those recommended by clinical guidelines. Conclusion: Nutritional support prescribed by specialists in endocrinology and nutrition at San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital was closer to clinical practice guideline standards and of higher quality as compared to that prescribed by non-specialists (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Prescrições/normas , Dieta/normas , Terapia Nutricional/normas , Apoio Nutricional/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Especialização/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrição Inadequada/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción: la clasificación por procesos según el sistema de los grupos relacionados con el diagnóstico permite clasificar los diferentes procesos acorde a un consumo de recursos equivalentes. La complejidad de los procesos según el índice case-mix permite solicitar un mayor o menor presupuesto para la atención de los pacientes. La desnutrición tiene capacidad para aumentar el índice case-mix si bien en muchos casos este diagnóstico y el de los procesos nutricionales no se realizan de forma adecuada. Objetivo: determinar si la adecuada codificación de la desnutrición es capaz de aumentar el índice case-mix y si este aumento es dependiente de la documentación del mismo por un médico especialista, el tipo de proceso o el servicio de ingreso. Resultados: en una serie aleatorizada de 100 pacientes, la documentación de desnutrición y procesos asociados por parte de un médico especialista en Endocrinología y Nutrición produjo un aumento de 0,68 puntos en el índice case-mix (IC95: 0,48-0,88). El impacto fue mayor en procesos médicos que en quirúrgicos (0,42 puntos [IC95:0,03-0,81]). Por servicios, el impacto fue positivo en Medicina Interna y Cirugía General. El tamaño muestral para el cálculo del resto de servicios no alcanzó tamaño muestral suficiente. Conclusión: el aumento de recursos humanos (médicos especialistas en Endocrinología y Nutrición) es viable en términos de gestión por el aumento del índice case-mix dependiente de su presencia en un contexto de práctica clínica habitual, no de investigación (AU)
Introduction: Group-related diagnosis classification system allows ordering medical and surgical procedures following a similar expenditure of economical resources. Complexity of procedures according to the case-mix index permits asking for a minor o major economical reimbursement of the expenditure in patients attention. Undernutrition documentation can increase case-mix index, but it is barely detected and documented. Aim: Determine if proper documentation of undernutrition is able to enhance the case-mix index and establish if it is dependent on documentation by a specialist on clinical nutrition, the type of procedure or the service where the patient is admitted. Results: In a randomized simple of 100 procedures, documentation of undernutrition and nutritional support procedures by a specialist in Clinical Nutrition increased the case-mix index in 0.68 points (IC95:0.48-0.88). Impact of documentation was higher on medical than surgical procedures (0.42 points [IC95: 0.03-0.81]). Impact was also positive on patients admitted at general surgery and internal medicine. Sample size for other services was not high enough to establish differences. Conclusion: Investment on human resources (specialists in Clinical Nutrition) is feasible in terms of economic management due to the increase of the case-mix index dependent on specialists documentation in a real clinical practice, not in a research environment (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Desnutrição/classificação , Codificação Clínica , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados/classificação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Comorbidade , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Administração dos Cuidados ao Paciente/organização & administração , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción: la clasificación por procesos según el sistema de los grupos relacionados con el diagnóstico permite clasificar los diferentes procesos acorde a un consumo de recursos equivalentes. La complejidad de los procesos según el índice case-mix permite solicitar un mayor o menor presupuesto para la atención de los pacientes. La desnutrición tiene capacidad para aumentar el índice case-mix si bien en muchos casos este diagnóstico y el de los procesos nutricionales no se realizan de forma adecuada. Objetivo: determinar si la adecuada codificación de la desnutrición es capaz de aumentar el índice case-mix y si este aumento es dependiente de la documentación del mismo por un médico especialista, el tipo de proceso o el servicio de ingreso. Resultados: en una serie aleatorizada de 100 pacientes, la documentación de desnutrición y procesos asociados por parte de un médico especialista en Endocrinología y Nutrición produjo un aumento de 0,68 puntos en el índice case-mix (IC95: 0,48-0,88). El impacto fue mayor en procesos médicos que en quirúrgicos (0,42 puntos [IC95: 0,03-0,81]). Por servicios, el impacto fue positivo en Medicina Interna y Cirugía General. El tamaño muestral para el cálculo del resto de servicios no alcanzó tamaño muestral suficiente. Conclusión: el aumento de recursos humanos (médicos especialistas en Endocrinología y Nutrición) es viable en términos de gestión por el aumento del índice case-mix dependiente de su presencia en un contexto de práctica clínica habitual, no de investigación.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/terapia , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Documentação , Humanos , Apoio Nutricional , Cuidados Pós-OperatóriosRESUMO
La desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) es una entidad con alta prevalencia en el medio hospitalario español. Según la OMS, entre el 20 y el 40% del gasto sanitario se pierde por ineficiencia. Demostrar que la DRE es una fuente de ineficiencia y que la contratación de un médico especialista para su detección y tratamiento es coste-efectiva para el sistema. Material y métodos: Comparación de diagnósticos y procedimientos nutricionales detectados y codificados en informes de alta mediante test de McNemar. Recodificación de 55 informes de alta incluyendo diagnósticos y procesos nutricionales. Determinar variaciones en IC, coste proceso, coste proceso/punto GRD tras la recodificación. Comparación con test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Sólo se codificaron 2 de 55 casos de desnutrición (p<0,001) Tras recodificación el IC aumentó 42,67 puntos (p<0,05), lo que se tradujo en disminución del índice coste proceso/punto GRD en 976,81 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La DRE no se detecta adecuadamente en el centro. Su detección y la de los procedimientos nutricionales adecuados en manos de un médico especialista en nutrición produjeron una disminución del índice coste proceso/punto GRD de un 20% respecto al coste oficial del sistema. Se produjo una pérdida de un 20% del gasto sanitario, estimado en 172.690 exclusivamente por procesos nutricionales. Su adecuada codificación justificaría un reembolso de 154.581 para la asistencia nutricional. Ambos costes, perdidos por ineficiencia, son superiores a los que implica la contratación de un especialista en endocrinología, por lo que no existe justificación económica para su no contratación (AU)
Disease Related Malnutrition (DRM) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals. WHO estimates that 20-40% of health-associated expenses are lost due to inefficiency. Demonstration that DRM is a component of inefficiency and hiring a specialist physician for its detection and treatment is cost-effective. Material and methods: Comparison between nutritional diagnosis and procedures detected and encoded at discharge using McNemar test. Recoding of 55 discharge reports including nutritional diagnoses and procedures. Determine changes on Case-Mix Index (IC), cost of procedure and cost procedure/GRD index. Comparison using Wilcoxon test. Results: Only 2 of 55 diagnoses of malnutrition were coded in delivery statements (p<0,001) After right codification, IC increased in 42,67 GRD points (p<0,05), Consequently, procedure cost/GRD index was reduced in 976,81 (p<0,05). Conclusions: DRM is underdiagnosed in our hospital. DRM and nutritional procedures detection by a specialist on endocrinology and nutrition led to a reduction in cost procedure/GRD index of 20% of officially established by the Health System. Loss of 20% of health expenses, estimated in 172690 was described. Proper codification would have justified 154581 reimbursement just for nutritional diagnoses and processes. Both expenses were lost due to systems inefficiency. Those amounts are much higher than cost associated of hiring a specialist, so there is no economic reason for denying it (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Nutricional/economia , /organização & administração , Distúrbios Nutricionais/dietoterapia , 50303 , Unidades Hospitalares/organização & administração , Endocrinologia/organização & administração , Desnutrição/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La glutamina es un aminoácido condicionalmente esencial considerado actualmente como un importante fármaco-nutriente. Niveles plasmáticos bajos de glutamina han demostrado comportarse como un factor independiente de mortalidad en el paciente crítico, y su adición al soporte nutricional ha probado disminuir las complicaciones infecciosas, la mortalidad y la estancia hospitalaria. En los últimos años han aparecido nuevos estudios que indicanla necesidad de individualizar la vía de acceso y la dosis y el período de suplementación para determinados grupos de pacientes candidatos a la suplementación con glutamina, y por otra parte, a tenor de los resultados, es aconsejable evitarla en situaciones deshock hipovolémico inestable, fallo multiorgánico o insu¬ciência renal no sometida a técnicas de depuración.
Glutamine is a conditionally essential aminoacid which is nowadays considered an important pharmaco nutrient. Low serum levels of glutamine have proven to be an independent predictor of mortality in the critically ill patient. Supplementation with glutamine as a part of a nutritional therapy has demonstrated to reduce infectious complications, length of stay in hospital and mortality. Recent new published data show the need to individualize the route, dose, length of supplementation for determined groups of candidate patients to glutamine administration. On the other hand, according to results, glutamine is not recommended in case of unstable hypovolemic shock, multiorgan faillure, or renal failure not subjected to depuration techniques.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estado Terminal/terapia , Glutamina/farmacologia , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Pacientes , Glutamina , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente/normasRESUMO
La relación entre desnutrición prequirúrgica y morbimortalidad está documentada desde hace años. A pesar de la existencia de herramientas que nos permiten detectar y tratar esta entidad, su aplicación en la práctica clínica es, a día de hoy, lenta. Por otra parte, tanto la insulinorresistencia como la hiperglucemia perioperatoria se asocian a mayor morbimortalidad postoperatoria y estancia media más prolongada. La ingesta de bebidas ricas en hidratos de carbono 2-4 h antes de la intervención permite disminuir dicha insulinorresistencia. Otro factor que reduce la estancia y las complicaciones es el soporte nutricional enteral postoperatorio precoz en relación con el soporte vía parenteral tradicional. También las fórmulas con inmunonutrientes han demostrado ser eficaces a la hora de disminuir complicaciones posquirúrgicas y estancia media. A la vista de la evidencia científica y de las guías de práctica clínica recomendamos la adopción de estas medidas, sustituyendo a las tradicionales
The relationship between preoperative malnutrition and morbi-mortality has been documented for years. Despite the existence of tools that allow its detection, and therefore treat this entity, their introduction into clinical practice is not wide-spread. Both perioperative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are associated with increased perioperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. The intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks 2-4 h prior to surgery reduces insulin resistance. In the immediate postoperative period, the enteral route is safe and well tolerated and its early use reduces hospital stay and postoperative complications compared with parenteral nutritional support. Inmunonutrition has been proven effective to decrease postoperative complications and hospital stay. In view of these data we opted for the adoption of these measures replacing bowel rest and the indiscriminate use of postoperative parenteral nutrition