Assessment of meteorological settings on air quality modeling system-a proposal for UN-SDG and regulatory studies in non-homogeneous regions in Brazil.

Air quality models are essential tools to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) because they are effective in guiding public policies for the management of air pollutant emissions and their impacts on the environment and human health. Despite its importance, Brazil still lacks a guide for choosing and setting air quality models for regulatory purposes. Based on this, the current research aims to assess the combined WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF models for representing SO2 dispersion over non-homogeneous regions as a regulatory model for policies in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions to satisfy the UN-SDG. The combined system was applied to the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area (RJMA), which is known for its physiographic complexity. In the first step, the WRF model was evaluated against surface-observed data. The local circulation was underestimated, while the prevailing observational winds were well represented. In the second step, it was verified that all CALMET three meteorological configurations performed better for the most frequent wind speed classes so that the largest SO2 concentrations errors occurred during light winds. Among the meteorological settings in WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF, the joined use of observed and modeled meteorological data yielded the best results for the dispersion of pollutants. This result emphasizes the relevance of meteorological data composition in complex regions with unsatisfactory monitoring given the inherent limitations of prognostic models and the excessive extrapolation of observed data that can generate distortions of reality. This research concludes with the proposal of the WRF/CALMET/CALPUFF air quality regulatory system as a supporting tool for policies in the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions in the framework of the UN-SDG, particularly in non-homogeneous regions where steady-state Gaussian models are not applicable.

Towards an operationalisation of nature-based solutions for natural hazards.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are being promoted as adaptive measures against predicted increasing hydrometeorological hazards (HMHs), such as heatwaves and floods which have already caused significant loss of life and economic damage across the globe. However, the underpinning factors such as policy framework, end-users' interests and participation for NBS design and operationalisation are yet to be established. We discuss the operationalisation and implementation processes of NBS by means of a novel concept of Open-Air Laboratories (OAL) for its wider acceptance. The design and implementation of environmentally, economically, technically and socio-culturally sustainable NBS require inter- and transdisciplinary approaches which could be achieved by fostering co-creation processes by engaging stakeholders across various sectors and levels, inspiring more effective use of skills, diverse knowledge, manpower and resources, and connecting and harmonising the adaptation aims. The OAL serves as a benchmark for NBS upscaling, replication and exploitation in policy-making process through monitoring by field measurement, evaluation by key performance indicators and building solid evidence on their short- and long-term multiple benefits in different climatic, environmental and socio-economic conditions, thereby alleviating the challenges of political resistance, financial barriers and lack of knowledge. We conclude that holistic management of HMHs by effective use of NBS can be achieved with standard compliant data for replicating and monitoring NBS in OALs, knowledge about policy silos and interaction between research communities and end-users. Further research is needed for multi-risk analysis of HMHs and inclusion of NBS into policy frameworks, adaptable at local, regional and national scales leading to modification in the prevalent guidelines related to HMHs. The findings of this work can be used for developing synergies between current policy frameworks, scientific research and practical implementation of NBS in Europe and beyond for its wider acceptance.

Análise microbiológica de fast foods comercializados por ambulantes no centro da cidade de Natal, RN / Microbiological analysis of fast foods marketed by street vendors in the city center of Natal, RN

[{"text": "O hábito de realizar refeições fora\r\ndo domicílio, expõe os consumidores\r\nao risco de contraírem doenças\r\nveiculadas por alimentos; tendo em\r\nvista tal situação, o presente estudo\r\nteve como objetivo desenvolver uma\r\nanálise microbiológica dos fast foods\r\nmais consumidos. Foram selecionados\r\ncinco amostras de cada alimento\r\ntotalizando 25, dentre estes estão coxinha,\r\ncachorro-quente, batata-frita,\r\npastel de forno e espetinho de carne,\r\ntodos estes alimentos colhidos em\r\nembalagens esterilizadas e encaminhadas\r\npara o laboratório de microbiologia\r\nda Universidade Potiguar,\r\nonde foram realizadas análises microbiológicas\r\npara Staphylococcus\r\ncoagulase positiva, coliformes totais\r\ne termotolerantes, e Salmonella sp.\r\nA metodologia empregada seguiu os\r\npadrões microbiológicos recomendados\r\npela resolução RDC nº 12 da\r\nAgência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária\r\nde acordo com as normas da\r\nAmerican Public Health Association.\r\nOs resultados obtidos mostraram que\r\n80% das coxinhas, 40% dos pastéis\r\nde forno, 60% das batatas-fritas e\r\n60% de cachorros-quentes, com exceção\r\ndo espetinho de carne, apresentaram\r\ncoliformes totais; quanto à\r\ncontagem de Staphylococcus aureus\r\ntodos superaram o limite máximo\r\ndeterminado pela legislação e todas\r\nas amostras apresentaram resultados\r\nnegativos para a pesquisa de Salmonella\r\nsp. Dessa forma, conclui-se que\r\nhá necessidade de aperfeiçoamento\r\nnos cuidados e nas condições de produção,\r\narmazenamento e comercialização\r\ndos alimentos analisados, bem\r\ncomo, há necessidade de inspeção\r\neficaz por parte dos órgãos de fiscalização.(AU)", "_i": "pt"}]

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica dos peixes comercializados no mercado público das Rocas em Natal, RN

No Brasil os peixes são um dos alimentos mais consumidos no grupo dos pescados, pelo fato da maioria das pessoas não poderem consumir outro alimento do mesmo grupo, devido ao alto custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica dos peixes comercializados no Mercado Público das Rocas na cidade de Natal-RN, discutindo-se os parâmetros higienicossanitários dos locais onde são comercializados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e experimental. A coleta de dados contou com análise microbiológica dos peixes comercializados em diferentes boxes onde são vendidos, aplicando-se testes presuntivo e confirmativo para Coliformes totais, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp. Quanto ao resultado encontrado, observou-se, em um total de 20 amostras coletadas em dias alternados, a presença de 90% na contagem de Coliformes a 35 °C de até 10³ NMP/g, já no teste de Coliformes a 45 °C foi encontrada a quantidade de 10%, com contagem inferior a 10¹ NMP/g, e 70% apresentou contagem significativa para Estafilococos coagulase positiva, apresentado valor superior a 105 NMP/g. Vale ressaltar que há necessidade em adotar medidas de controle por parte dos manipuladores, no que diz respeito à qualidade e higienização dos boxes

In Brazil, fish are one of the most consumed foods in the fish group, because most people can not consume other food from the same group, due to the high cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the fish commercialized in the Public Market of the Rocks in the city of Natal-RN, in which the hygienic sanitary parameters of the fish selling points were discussed. This is a quantitative and qualitative research. Data collection included microbiological analysis of the fish commercialized in different boxes selling the same, in which preparation and dilution were carried out, a presumptive and confirmatory test for Total Coliforms, Positive Coagulase Staphylococci and Salmonella sp. As for the result found, it was observed that in a general total of 20 samples that had collections on alternate days, where in one week 10 samples were collected, and soon after seven days the remaining 10 samples were collected, it was verified the presence of 90% in the Coliform counts at 35°C of up to 10³ NMP/g was observed, already in the Coliform test at 45°C was found the amount of 10%, with a count lower than 10¹ NMP/g, and in 70% presented a significant count for Staphylococcus Coagulase Positive, presenting a value higher than 105 NMP/g. It is worth mentioning that there is a need to adopt control measures on the part of the manipulators, regarding the quality of hygiene of the boxes

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica dos peixes comercializados no Mercado Público das Rocas em Natal, RN

No Brasil os peixes são um dos alimentos mais consumidos no grupo dos pescados, pelo fato da maioria das pessoas não poderem consumir outro alimento do mesmo grupo, devido ao alto custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica dos peixes comercializados no Mercado Público das Rocas na cidade de Natal-RN, discutindo-se os parâmetros higienicossanitários dos locais onde são comercializados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e experimental. A coleta de dados contou com análise microbiológica dos peixes comercializados em diferentes boxes onde são vendidos, aplicando-se testes presuntivo e confirmativo para Coliformes totais, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp. Quanto ao resultado encontrado, observou-se, em um total de 20 amostras coletadas em dias alternados, a presença de 90% na contagem de Coliformes a 35°C de até 10

ln Brazil, fish are one of the most consumed foods in the fish group, because most people can not consume other food from the same group, due to the high cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the fish commercialized in the Public Market of the Rocks in the city of Natal-RN, in which the hygienic sanitary parameters of the fish selling points were discussed. This is a quantitative and qualitative research. Data collection included microbiological analysis of the fish commercialized in different boxes selling the same, in which preparation and dilution were carried out, a presumptive and confirmatory test for Total Coliforms, Positive Coagulase Staphylococci and Salmonella sp. As for the result found, it was observed that in a general total of 20 samples that had collections on alternate days, where in one week 10 samples were collected, and soon after seven days the remaining 10 samples were collected, it was verified the presence of 90% in the Coliform counts at 35°C of up to 10