Histopathological and biochemical comparisons of the protective effects of amifostine and l-carnitine against radiation-induced acute testicular toxicity in rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the radioprotective efficacies of amifostine (AMI) and l-carnitine (LC) against radiation-induced acute testicular damage. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 6), AMI plus radiotherapy (RT) (n = 8), LC plus RT (n = 8) and RT group (n = 8). The rats were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy to the scrotal field. LC (300 mg/kg) and AMI (200 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally 30 min before irradiation. The mean seminiferous tubule diameters (MSTDs) were calculated. Testicular damage was evaluated histopathologically using Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score criteria. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples. AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups had significantly higher MSTDs than those in the RT group (p = .003 and p = .032 respectively). MDA values of both AMI plus RT and LC plus RT groups were significantly lower than those in RT group (p < .004 and p < .012 respectively). As a result, AMI and LC have a similar radioprotective effect against radiation-induced acute testicular damage, histopathologically and biochemically.

Correlation between pre-radical prostatectomy standardized SUVmax ratios detected on 68Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT and final histopathology outcomes: an in-depth analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive potential of the maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) value of intraprostatic tumors derived from preoperative 68Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT (SUVT), and its ratios to SUVmax in the liver (SUVTLR) and parotid gland (SUVTPR) with respect to histopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC) at our clinic between 2017 and 2020 were assessed. Patients with a secondary malignancy, a history of transurethral prostate resection, prior treatment for PC, or who received salvage RP were excluded. Whole-body images obtained using the same device, as per the guidelines, were reviewed by two nuclear medicine specialists with more than a decade of experience to reach a consensus for each lesion. The relationships between age, PSA, Prostate Volume, clinical T stage, biopsy International Society of Urological Pathology grade (ISUP), D'amico risk group, intraprostatic tumor volume (HPTV) identified in the final histopathological specimen review, HP-ISUP grade, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), extracapsular invasion (ECI), positive surgical margine (PSM), SUVT, SUVTLR, and SUVTPR were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 64 included patients was 64.1 ±â€¯5.3. A statistically significant correlation was found between SUVT, SUVTLR, SUVTPR values, and histopathologic stage parameters, such as biopsy ISUP, D'amico Risk Classification, HP-ISUP, HPTV (p < 0.05). PSMATV, SUVT, and SUVTLR were statistically significant predictors of extracapsular invasion, while PSA, PSMATV, and SUVTLR were significant predictors of SVI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The standardized SUVT, SUVTLR, and SUVTPR values could be employed as noninvasive markers to assist in predicting postoperative histopathological findings, particularly ECI, SVI, and PSM.

Molecular weight effect on latex film formation induced by solvent vapor: an optical transmission study.

Two different sets of powder latex film were prepared from high- and low-molecular-weight (HM and LM) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The optical transmission method was used to the study film formation induced by organic vapor. Various HM and LM films with the same latex content were prepared separately from the PMMA particles and exposed to vapor of a chloroform-heptane mixture in various volume percents of chloroform. Transmitted light intensities, I(tr), from these films increased in time under vapor exposure, which was attributed to the increase in "crossing density" at the junction surface. The Prager-Tirrell model was employed to obtain the back-and-forth frequency, nu, of the reptating polymer chain during film formation induced by solvent vapor. nu values were obtained and found to be strongly correlated with the percent of chloroform in the solvent mixture and the molecular weight of the polymer chain. It is observed that high-molecular-weight chains reptate much more slowerly than low-molecular-weight chains.

Correlación entre los índices estandarizados SUVmáx de la PET/TC con [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T pre-prostatectomía radical y los resultados histopatológicos finales: un análisis en profundidad / Correlation between pre-radical prostatectomy Standardized SUVmax ratios detected on 68Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT and final histopathology outcomes: An in-depth analysis

Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial predictivo del valor máximo de captación estandarizada (SUVmáx) de los tumores intraprostáticos obtenidos en la PET/TC preoperatoria con [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T (SUVT), así como sus relaciones con el SUVmáx en el hígado (SUVTLR) y la glándula parótida (SUVTPR) con respecto a los hallazgos histopatológicos. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron los datos de pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical (PR) por cáncer de próstata (CaP) en nuestra clínica entre los años 2017-2020. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes con una neoplasia maligna secundaria, antecedentes de resección transuretral de próstata, tratamiento previo para CaP o que fueron sometidos a una PR de rescate. Dos especialistas en medicina nuclear con más de una década de experiencia cada uno revisaron las imágenes del estudio de cuerpo completo obtenidas con el mismo equipo, según protocolo, para obtener el consenso en cada lesión. Se estudiaron las relaciones entre edad, antígeno específico de la próstata (PSA), volumen de la próstata, estadio clínico, el grado de la clasificación de la Sociedad Internacional de Anatomía Patología Urológica (ISUP, por sus siglas en inglés) en la biopsia, el grupo de riesgo de D’amico, el volumen tumoral intraprostático identificado en la revisión histopatológica final de la muestra (HPTV) y el grado HP-ISUP. Se analizó la invasión de vesículas seminales (SVI), la invasión extracapsular (ECI), el margen quirúrgico positivo (PSM), SUVT, SUVTLR y SUVTPR. Resultados: La edad media de los 64 pacientes incluidos fue de 64,1±5,3 años. Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los valores de SUVT, SUVTLR, SUVTPR y los parámetros del estadio histopatológico, como el grado ISUP de la biopsia, la clasificación de riesgo D’amico, HP-ISUP, HPTV (p<0,05). PSMATV, SUVT y SUVTLR fueron predictores estadísticamente significativos de invasión extracapsular, mientras que PSA, PSMATV y SUVTLR fueron predictores significativos de SVI (p<0,05)... (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the predictive potential of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) value of intraprostatic tumors derived from preoperative [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT (SUVT), and its ratios to SUVmax in the liver (SUVTLR) and parotid gland (SUVTPR) with respect to histopathological findings. Materials and methods: Data from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PC) at our clinic between 2017-2020 were assessed. Patients with a secondary malignancy, a history of transurethral prostate resection, prior treatment for PC, or who received salvage RP were excluded. Whole-body images obtained using the same device, as per the guidelines, were reviewed by two nuclear medicine specialists with more than a decade of experience to reach a consensus for each lesion. The relationships between age, PSA, Prostate Volume, clinical T stage, biopsy International Society of Urological Pathology grade (ISUP), D’amico risk group, intraprostatic tumor volume (HPTV) identified in the final histopathological specimen review, HP-ISUP grade, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), extracapsular invasion (ECI), positive surgical margine (PSM), SUVT, SUVTLR, and SUVTPR were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 64 included patients was 64.1±5.3 y-o. A statistically significant correlation was found between SUVT, SUVTLR, SUVTPR values, and histopathologic stage parameters, such as biopsy ISUP, D’amico Risk Classification, HP-ISUP, HPTV (P<.05). PSMATV, SUVT, and SUVTLR were statistically significant predictors of extracapsular invasion, while PSA, PSMATV, and SUVTLR were significant predictors of SVI (P<.05). Conclusion: The standardized SUVT, SUVTLR, and SUVTPR values could be employed as noninvasive markers to assist in predicting postoperative histopathological findings, particularly ECI, SVI, and PSM. (AU)

Packing Effect on Latex Film Dissolution: A UV-Visible Study.

Latex films with various thicknesses are formed from pyrene (P) labeled poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latex particles sterically stabilized by poly isobutylene (PIB). Annealings of latex films were performed above T(g) at elevated temperatures up to 270 degrees C for 30 min time intervals. The UV-Visible (UVV) technique was used for monitoring latex film formation and dissolution. It was observed that thicker films formed more transparent films than thinner films. Absorption of solvent molecules (chloroform) into the annealed latex film was followed by diffusion of PMMA chains into a solvent reservoir. Diffusion of pyrene-labeled PMMA chains was monitored in real time by the absorbance change of pyrene in the polymer-solvent mixture. A diffusion model with a moving boundary was employed to quantify real-time UVV data. Diffusion coefficients of PMMA chains were measured and found to be between 2.6 x 10(-9) and 9.7 x 10(-13) cm(2) s(-1) for the latex films in various thicknesses. It is observed that thicker and more transparent films dissolved much faster than the thinner and turbid films; i.e., highly packed films dissolve more easily. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Film Formation from Nanosized Copolymeric Latex Particles: A Photon Transmission Study.

The photon transmission technique was used to monitor the evolution of transparency during film formation from nanosized copolymeric latex particles. The latex films were prepared from poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-co-BMA)) particles which were produced by microemulsion polymerization. These films were annealed at elevated temperatures in various time intervals above the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of P(MMA-co-BMA). It is observed that the transmitted photon intensity (I(tr)) from these films increased as the annealing temperature increased. There are three different film formation stages. These stages are explained by the void closure, healing, and interdiffusion processes, respectively. The activation energies for viscous flow (DeltaH approximately 16 kcal/mol), minor chains (DeltaE(H) approximately 27 kcal/mol), and backbone motion (Delta E(b) approximately 132 kcal/mol) were obtained using various models. Void closure (tau(v), T(v)) and healing points (tau(H), T(H)) were determined. Using the time-temperature pairs, void closure and healing activation energies were measured and found to be 21 and 30 kcal/mol, respectively. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Molecular Weight Effect on Latex Film Formation from Polystyrene Particles: A Photon Transmission Study.

The photon transmission method was used to probe the time evolution of film formation from latex particles. Two different latex films were prepared from high molecular weight (HM) and low molecular weight (LM) polystyrene particles at room temperature and were annealed at various temperatures in 2.5-min time intervals above the glass transition. The increase in the transmitted photon intensity (Itr) is attributed to the increase in "crossing density" at the junction surface. The Prager-Tirrell model was employed to interpret the increase in crossing density at the junction surface. The back and forth activation energies were measured for HM and LM films and found to be around 59 and 87 kcal/mol for a reptating polymer chain across the junction surface. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for photon transmission through a rectangular lattice. The number of transmitted photons (Ntr) was calculated as a function of the mean free path of photons. It was observed that Ntr, similar to Itr, increases as the square of the mean free path of photons is increased. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.