MsWH: A Multi-Sensory Hardware Platform for Capturing and Analyzing Physiological Emotional Signals.

This paper presents a new physiological signal acquisition multi-sensory platform for emotion detection: Multi-sensor Wearable Headband (MsWH). The system is capable of recording and analyzing five different physiological signals: skin temperature, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate (and its variation), movement/position of the user (more specifically of his/her head) and electrodermal activity/bioimpedance. The measurement system is complemented by a porthole camera positioned in such a way that the viewing area remains constant. Thus, the user's face will remain centered regardless of its position and movement, increasing the accuracy of facial expression recognition algorithms. This work specifies the technical characteristics of the developed device, paying special attention to both the hardware used (sensors, conditioning, microprocessors, connections) and the software, which is optimized for accurate and massive data acquisition. Although the information can be partially processed inside the device itself, the system is capable of sending information via Wi-Fi, with a very high data transfer rate, in case external processing is required. The most important features of the developed platform have been compared with those of a proven wearable device, namely the Empatica E4 wristband, in those measurements in which this is possible.

LoRa-Based Traffic Flow Detection for Smart-Road.

This paper presents a wireless traffic flow detection system, mainly focused on conditions in which the traffic flow is slow or stopped, which increases the risk of highway accidents. To achieve this goal, a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) based on LoRa called Short LoRa has been developed. This LoRa sub-network complies with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) harmonized standard for its compatibility in Europe countries. In addition, the development of the devices has allowed them to also work on a LoRaWAN network. The introduced development has been compared to a reference system mounted with laser barriers that provided a high accurate comparison. Field tests of the system have been carried out and the data obtained in the measurement has been analyzed with two different methods, and both of them were valid for the application. The results can determine vehicle speed with adequate precision at low speeds. The attenuating behavior of the communication signal is also analyzed through the Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The relationship between vehicle speed, gate distances and RSSI attenuation has been studied. The system is proven to have efficient results in detecting traffic flow under the conditions for which it has been developed.

Lightweight Thermal Compensation Technique for MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer Oriented to Quasi-Static Measurements.

The application of MEMS capacitive accelerometers isimited by its thermal dependence, and each accelerometer must be individually calibrated to improve its performance. In this work, aight calibration method based on theoretical studies is proposed to obtain two characteristic parameters of the sensor's operation: the temperature drift of bias and the temperature drift of scale factor. This method requiresess data to obtain the characteristic parameters, allowing a faster calibration. Furthermore, using an equation with fewer parameters reduces the computational cost of compensation. After studying six accelerometers, modelIS3DSH, their characteristic parameters are obtained in a temperature range between 15 °C and 55 °C. It is observed that the Temperature Drift of Bias (TDB) is the parameter with the greatest influence on thermal drift, reaching 1.3 mg/°C. The Temperature Drift of Scale Factor (TDSF) is always negative and ranges between 0 and -400 ppm/°C. With these parameters, the thermal drifts are compensated in tests with 20 °C of thermal variation. An average improvement of 47% was observed. In the axes where the thermal drift was greater than 1 mg/°C, the improvement was greater than 80%. Other sensor behaviors have also been analyzed, such as temporal drift (up to 1 mg/h for three hours) and self-heating (2-3 °C in the first hours with the corresponding drift). Thermal compensation has been found to reduce the effect of theatter in the first hours after power-up of the sensor by 43%.

Self-Calibration Technique with Lightweight Algorithm for Thermal Drift Compensation in MEMS Accelerometers.

Capacitive MEMS accelerometers have a high thermal sensitivity that drifts the output when subjected to changes in temperature. To improve their performance in applications with thermal variations, it is necessary to compensate for these effects. These drifts can be compensated using a lightweight algorithm by knowing the characteristic thermal parameters of the accelerometer (Temperature Drift of Bias and Temperature Drift of Scale Factor). These parameters vary in each accelerometer and axis, making an individual calibration necessary. In this work, a simple and fast calibration method that allows the characteristic parameters of the three axes to be obtained simultaneously through a single test is proposed. This method is based on the study of two specific orientations, each at two temperatures. By means of the suitable selection of the orientations and the temperature points, the data obtained can be extrapolated to the entire working range of the accelerometer. Only a mechanical anchor and a heat source are required to perform the calibration. This technique can be scaled to calibrate multiple accelerometers simultaneously. A lightweight algorithm is used to analyze the test data and obtain the compensation parameters. This algorithm stores only the most relevant data, reducing memory and computing power requirements. This allows it to be run in real time on a low-cost microcontroller during testing to obtain compensation parameters immediately. This method is aimed at mass factory calibration, where individual calibration with traditional methods may not be an adequate option. The proposed method has been compared with a traditional calibration using a six tests in orthogonal directions and a thermal chamber with a relative error difference of 0.3%.