RESUMO
Influenza D virus has been identified in America, Europe, and Asia. We detected influenza D virus antibodies in cattle and small ruminants from North (Morocco) and West (Togo and Benin) Africa. Dromedary camels in Kenya harbored influenza C or D virus antibodies, indicating a potential new host for these viruses.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Gammainfluenzavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Ruminantes/virologia , Thogotovirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Benin/epidemiologia , Camelus , Bovinos , Cabras , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Gammainfluenzavirus/classificação , Gammainfluenzavirus/imunologia , Quênia/epidemiologia , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Testes de Neutralização , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Ovinos , Suínos , Thogotovirus/classificação , Thogotovirus/imunologia , Togo/epidemiologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
To determine the extent of animal influenza virus circulation in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, and Togo, we initiated systematic year-round active influenza surveillance in backyard birds (predominantly chickens, guinea fowl, and ducks) and pigs. A total of 26,746 swab specimens were screened by using reverse transcription PCR. Animal influenza prevalence was estimated at 0 (95% CIs for each of the 2 study years 0-0.04% to 0-1.48% [birds] and 0-0.28% to 0-5% [pigs]). In addition, 2,276 serum samples from the same populations were negative for influenza-specific antibodies. These data indicate that the environments and host populations previously identified as harboring high levels of influenza virus in Southeast Asia do not do so in these 3 countries. The combination of climate and animal density factors might be responsible for what appears to be the absence of influenza virus in the backyard sector of the 3 countries.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Benin/epidemiologia , Côte d'Ivoire/epidemiologia , Meio Ambiente , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Vigilância da População , Aves Domésticas , Prevalência , Suínos , Togo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We collected 325 nasal swabs from freshly slaughtered previously healthy pigs from October 2012 through January 2014 in a slaughterhouse near Lomé in Togo. Influenza A virus genome was detected by RT-PCR in 2.5-12.3% of the pooled samples, and results of hemagglutinin subtyping RT-PCR assays showed the virus in all the positive pools to be A(H1N1)pdm09. Virus was isolated on MDCK cells from a representative specimen, A/swine/Togo/ONA32/2013(H1N1). The isolate was fully sequenced and harbored eight genes similar to A(H1N1)pdm09 virus genes circulating in humans in 2012-2013, suggesting human-to-swine transmission of the pathogen.