RESUMO
The use of sulfinic acids and their salts continues to be extensively developed in organic chemistry. This is attributable to their dual capacity for acting as nucleophilic or electrophilic reagents, as well as their ease of preparation and stability on storage. This report highlights the research accomplished since 2015 on this topic, updating a previous review published by our team in 2014.
RESUMO
The TAM kinase family arises as a new effective and attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy, autoimmune and viral diseases. A series of 2,6-disubstituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines were designed, synthesized and identified as highly potent TAM inhibitors. Despite remarkable structural similarities within the TAM family, compounds 28 and 25 demonstrated high activity and selectivity in vitro against AXL and MER, with IC50 value of 0.77â¯nM and 9â¯nM respectively and a 120- to 900-fold selectivity. We also observed an unexpected nuclear localization for compound 10Bb, thanks to nanoSIMS technology, which could be correlated to the absence of cytotoxicity on three different cancer cell lines being sensitive to TAM inhibition.
Assuntos
Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Células A549 , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Piridinas/síntese química , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/metabolismo , Receptor Tirosina Quinase AxlRESUMO
C2 direct alkynylation of 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives is explored for the first time. Stable and readily available 1,1-dibromo-1-alkenes, electrophilic alkyne precursors, are used as coupling partners. The simple reaction conditions include an inexpensive copper catalyst (CuBr·SMe2 or Cu(OAc)2), a phosphine ligand (DPEphos) and a base (LiOtBu) in 1,4-dioxane at 120 °C. This C-H alkynylation method revealed to be compatible with a variety of substitutions on both coupling partners: heteroarenes and gem-dibromoalkenes. This protocol allows the straightforward synthesis of various 2-alkynyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines, a valuable scaffold in drug design.
RESUMO
Sulfinic acids and their salts have recently emerged as versatile coupling partners to efficiently access a wide variety of hetero- and carbocyclic compounds, under relatively mild conditions. Their growing importance is attributable to their dual capacity for acting as nucleophilic or electrophilic reagents. This report summarizes recent advances in the preparation and use of sulfinates in organic synthesis.
Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Hidrocarbonetos Cíclicos/síntese química , Ácidos Sulfínicos/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Hidrocarbonetos Cíclicos/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships associated with a series of 1,1-diarylethylene tubulin polymerization inhibitors 3 and 4 are described. The key step for their preparation involves a palladium-catalyzed coupling of N-arylsulfonylhydrazones with aryl halides, thus providing flexible and convergent access to tri- and tetrasubstituted 1,1-diarylolefins 3 and 4 related to isocombretastatin A-4 (isoCA-4). These compounds have been evaluated for tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity as well as for cytotoxic activity. The most potent compounds are 1,1-diaryl-2-methoxyethylenes 4b, 4d and 4e having a trisubstituted double bond. They exhibited good antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines (GI(50) = 8-80 nM). Compounds 4b and 4e strongly inhibited tubulin polymerization with IC(50) values of 2 and 3 µM, respectively, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase in the K562 cell line. Docking studies in the colchicine binding site of tubulin allowed identification of residues most likely to interact with these inhibitors and explain their potent anti-tubulin activity.