RESUMO
We aimed to evaluate glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes during the first three months of use of the flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system. METHODS: We conducted a study of a cohort of 81 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus who used the FreeStyle Libre 2 (FSL2) sensor continuously for 3 months. Patients had not used a CGM before. The effectiveness of using the FSL2 system was assessed using AGP reports at two time points (3-4 weeks and 11-12 weeks of system use). RESULTS: Eight weeks after using FSL2, compared with results from 3-4 weeks of use, there were no differences in the glucose management indicator, time spent in range, above range and below range, or glucose variability. In the first month of FGM use, patients scanned the sensor significantly more often than in the following two months (p = 0.021). No significant differences were found in the change of the evaluated parameters when comparing patients by duration of diabetes and treatment method. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term use of FSL2 promotes a significant reduction in GMI in patients with more time spent in hyperglycaemia (especially > 250 mg/dL). In this short period of use, no other changes in glycaemic control parameters are observed.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Menstrual disorders in adolescent girls are a common clinical problem. They are often accompanied by lipid and glucose metabolism disturbances. The aim of the study was to investigate to what extent the metabolic profile of adolescent girls relates to the severity of their menstrual disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 165 girls with menstrual disturbances and 49 regularly menstruating girls (REG) without clinical hyperandrogenism, matched for age and BMI. The subjects from the study group were divided into 2 subgroups: OLIGO - 111 girls with oligomenorrhea and SA - 54 girls with secondary amenorrhoea. In all girls, hormonal, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism profiles were assessed. RESULTS: In the SA subgroup concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL were significantly higher than in the REG and OLIGO groups. Triglyceride (TG) concentration was also the highest in the SA group and significantly higher than in the REG group. The prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders was higher in the SA group (65%) vs. the REG (40%) and OLIGO (51%) groups. The subgroups did not differ significantly in terms of fasting and OGTT glucose and insulin as well as HOMA-IR. TyG index was significantly higher in the OLIGO and SA groups than in the REG group. BMI z-score correlated with TG, LDL, fasting and 120' OGTT glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and TyG and negatively with HDL. No relationship between hormonal concentration and metabolic disturbances was found. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent girls with menstrual disorders are insulin resistant, regardless of PCOS diagnosis. The severity of menstrual disorders may be related to the incidence of lipid disorders in adolescent girls.