Haemodialysis, nutritional disorders and hypoglycaemia in critical care.

This study aimed to determine hypoglycemia incidence and associated factors in critically ill patients. It looked at a retrospective cohort with 106 critically ill adult patients with 48 hours of glycaemic control and 72 hours of follow up. The dependent variable, hypoglycaemia (≤70 mg/dl), was assessed with respect to independent variables: age, diet, insulin, catecholamines, haemodialysis, nursing workload and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression at 5% significance level. Incidence of hypoglycaemia was 14.2%. Hypoglycaemia was higher in the group of patients on catecholamines (p=0.040), with higher glycaemic variability (p<0.001) and death in the intensive care unit (p=0.008). Risk factors were identified as absence of oral diet (OR 5.11; 95% CI 1.04-25.10) and haemodialysis (OR 4.28; 95% CI 1.16-15.76). Patients on haemodialysis and with no oral diet should have their glycaemic control intensified in order to prevent and/or manage hypoglycaemic episodes.

Stress, coping and burnout among Intensive Care Unit nursing staff: associated factors. / Estresse, coping e burnout da Equipe de Enfermagem de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: fatores associados.

Objective To investigate emotional stress, coping and burnout among nursing staff and their association with biosocial factors and characteristics of work in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Method This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in eight ICUs at a teaching hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in October 2012. Biosocial data and information about the professionals' work was gathered, and they were given the Scale of Occupational Stress, Scale of Occupational Coping, List of Signs and Symptoms of Stress and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results The study sample consisted of 287 subjects, predominately women, with partners and children. Most professionals presented moderate stress levels and control as a coping strategy (74.47% and 79.93%, respectively), and burnout was present among 12.54%. Factors associated with stress were related to working conditions. The most prevalent protective factors were having a partner, working in the clinical ICU and liking work, while adequate amount of sleep was a protective factor for burnout. Conclusion Control of the working environment and adequate sleep are decisive and protective factors in dealing with situations of occupational stress.

Patient safety in Intensive Care Units: development of a research project. / Segurança do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: desenvolvimento de um projeto de pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience in the many processes involved in the development of a Project on Research into Intensive Care Unit Patient Safety. METHOD: Mixed design study: historic cohort study of the collection of data on patients and on adverse events/incidents and transversal design on the collection of data on a nursing team. The data were collected over a period of 90 days in 2012 at the Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade de São Paulo (ICHC-FMUSP)and the University Hospital of the Universidade de São Paulo HU-USP).Procedures carried out: This study involved a number of stages: application of the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) at the ICHC-FMUSP, creation of a database system, hospital record inputs, monitor training, patient data extraction and load, collection of data during duty shift changes, and records. Final considerations : Training, researcher commitment, and collaboration with IT (Information Technology) professionals were crucial to the quality of the results obtained and of scientific production achieved. We hope that our report will serve to guide and encourage researchers to carry out complex surveys contributing to improve nursing and health knowledge.

Nursing workload: is it a predictor of healthcare associated infection in intensive care unit? / Carga de trabalho de enfermagem: preditor de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde na terapia intensiva?

Objective To analyze the influence of nursing workload on the occurrence of healthcare associated infection (HAI) in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), according to type of treatment. Method Retrospective cohort study developed in nine ICUs in São Paulo, Brazil, from September to December 2012. Nursing workload was measured by the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). The Student's t and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regressions were used in the analyses. Results The sample was composed of 835 patients (54.3±17.3 years; 57.5% male), of which 12.5% acquired HAI in the ICU. The NAS of the patients admitted for clinical treatment was 71.3±10.9, and for surgery 71.6±9.2. Length of stay in ICU and severity were predictive factors for occurrence of HAI in patients admitted to the unit for clinical or surgical treatment, and male sex only for surgical patients. When considering the admissions independent of type of treatment, in addition to the variables mentioned above, index of comorbidities also remained in the regression model. The NAS was not a predictive factor of HAI. Conclusion Nursing workload did not influence occurrence of HAI in the patients included in this study.

Nursing Activities Score: an updated guideline for its application in the Intensive Care Unit.

Objective To describe nursing workload in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in different countries according to the scores obtained with Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and to verify the agreement among countries on the NAS guideline interpretation. Method This cross-sectional study considered 1-day measure of NAS (November 2012) obtained from 758 patients in 19 ICUs of seven countries (Norway, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Egypt, Greece and Brazil). The Delphi technique was used in expertise meetings and consensus. Results The NAS score was 72.8% in average, ranging from 44.5% (Spain) to 101.8% (Norway). The mean NAS score from Poland, Greece and Egypt was 83.0%, 64.6% and 57.1%, respectively. The NAS score was similar in Brazil (54.0%) and in the Netherlands (51.0%). There were doubts in the understanding of five out 23 items of the NAS (21.7%) which were discussed until researchers' consensus. Conclusion NAS score were different in the seven countries. Future studies must verify if the fine standardization of the guideline can have a impact on differences in the NAS results.

[High school students and their knowledge about HIV/AIDS: what has changed in ten years?]. / Estudantes do ensino médio e o conhecimento em HIV/AIDS: que mudou em dez anos?

An exploratory, descriptive, comparative study with a quantitative approach, whose objective was to compare the knowledge of high school students from two public state schools of Peruíbe, SP, Brazil, about Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), in the years 1999 and 2010. In both of these years, the predominant population studied was female students, under 18 years old, unmarried and white. A statistically significant difference was found with respect to knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the groups studied. It was found that even with ten-year interval between the studies, the two groups of students did not consider themselves vulnerable to HIV and presented doubts as to the correct knowledge about the topic, which indicates the need for a continuous approach with young adolescents.

Potentially inappropriate medications with older people in intensive care and associated factors: a historic cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in critical care units remains limited, especially in terms of the factors associated with their use. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and factors associated with PIMs use in intensive care units. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 314 patients aged ≥ 60 years who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. The dates were extracted from a "Patient Safety Project" database. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess which factors were associated with PIMs. The statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: According to Beers' criteria, 12.8% of the identified drugs were considered inappropriate for the elderly population. The incidence rate of PIMs use was 45.8%. The most frequently used PIMs were metoclopramide, insulin, antipsychotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines. Factors associated with PIMs use were the number of medications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17), length of hospital stay (OR = 1.07), and excessive potential drug interactions (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the older adults in ICUs received PIM. Patients taking PIMs had a longer length of stay in the ICU, higher numbers of medications, and higher numbers of potential drug interactions. In ICUs, the use of explicit methods combined with clinical judgment can contribute to the safety and quality of medication prescriptions.

[Nursing allocation and adverse events/incidents in intensive care units]. / Alocação da equipe de enfermagem e ocorrência de eventos adversos/incidentes em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Patient safety is a challenge for the quality in health care system. This study aimed to analyze the appropriateness of the allocation of nursing staff according to the hours of care required by patients and to identify the relationship between this allocation and adverse events/incidents (EA/I). This research was observational, descriptive and prospective, developed in Clinics ICU located in the 4th floor and 6th floor at a university hospital, in São Paulo, Brazil, from 01/11/07 to 10/12/07, with 46 patients. In the 4th floor and 6th floor ICU, respectively, 43,3% and 10.3% of allocations were inadequate (p=0.000). There was a difference in the frequency of EA/I between the adequate and inadequate allocation of nursing staff in the 4th floor and 6th floor ICU, p=0.0004 and p=0.000, respectively. It was concluded that the greater the difference between available and required hours of care in nursing allocations, the lower the frequency of EA/I.

[Factors associated to sleep pattern in heart failure patients]. / Fatores associados ao padrão de sono em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca.

The objective of this study was to describe sleep patterns in patients with heart failure (HF) and analyze associations between sleep and the following variables: gender, age, fatigue, fatigue on exertion, physical activity, functional class, drug therapy, dyspnea, and body mass index. The nonprobability sample consisted of 400 patients (mean age 57.8 years; 64.8% were men, average schooling of 6.1 years; 82.5% Functional Class II or III). The prevalence of poor sleepers was 68.5%, and 46.5% rated sleep as poor or very poor. Scores suggest that the bad sleeper category was associated with: female, unemployed, fatigue, fatigue on exertion, dyspnea and higher functional classes of HF. The proportion of poor sleepers among patients with HF is among the highest in chronic diseases. Dyspnea and fatigue, common symptoms of this disease, significantly increase the chance of being a bad sleeper.

Potentially inappropriate medications with older people in intensive care and associated factors: a historic cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in critical care units remains limited, especially in terms of the factors associated with their use. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and factors associated with PIMs use in intensive care units. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 314 patients aged ≥ 60 years who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. The dates were extracted from a "Patient Safety Project" database. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess which factors were associated with PIMs. The statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: According to Beers' criteria, 12.8% of the identified drugs were considered inappropriate for the elderly population. The incidence rate of PIMs use was 45.8%. The most frequently used PIMs were metoclopramide, insulin, antipsychotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines. Factors associated with PIMs use were the number of medications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17), length of hospital stay (OR = 1.07), and excessive potential drug interactions (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the older adults in ICUs received PIM. Patients taking PIMs had a longer length of stay in the ICU, higher numbers of medications, and higher numbers of potential drug interactions. In ICUs, the use of explicit methods combined with clinical judgment can contribute to the safety and quality of medication prescriptions.

Association between Helicobacter pylori concentration and the combining frequency of histopathological findings in gastric biopsies specimens.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent infectious agent worldwide. About 90% of patients with chronic gastritis are infected with this bacterium. Some studies have shown a association between the H. pylori concentration and the scores of gastritis activity and severity. AIM: To evaluate the association between H. pylori concentration and the combining frequency of findings on histopathological examination. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive gastric endoscopic biopsies diagnosed as chronic gastritis were retrospectively investigated. The Warthin-Starry silver stain was used to study H. pylori and the following parameters were assessed (according to the Sydney system): 1. infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells in chorio and epithelium (activity) graded as mild, moderate and marked; 2. presence of lymphoid follicles; 3. presence of intestinal metaplasia; 4. presence of regenerative cell atypias, graded as mild, moderate and marked; and 5. H. pylori concentration on the mucous covering the foveolar epithelium. RESULTS: The most frequent association was chronic gastritis and activity, regardless of H. pylori concentration. The association of five histopathological findings in the same biopsy has not occurred in the cases of higher concentration of H. pylori. CONCLUSION: Our study has not revealed any association between H. pylori concentration and an increasing in the number of histopathological findings found in the gastric mucosa. Since referring to its presence is much more important than to its concentration.

[Frequency of Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal smears of hysterectomized women]. / Freqüência de Gardnerella vaginalis em esfregaços vaginais de pacientes histerectomizadas.

OBJECTIVE: This work intended to evaluate the frequency of Gardnerella vaginallis in cervicalvaginal smears of hysterectomized women when compared to smears of non-hysterectomized women. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the laboratory of pathology of the Western São Paulo University - Unoeste and 39,447 cervical/vaginal cytology reports were reviewed. Of these, 1934 women were totally hysterectomized and 37,513 were non-hysterectomized. Only data from Gardnerella vaginalis patients were collected (n=755) among the non-hysterectomized patients. RESULTS: There was a predominance of Lactobacillus species (60% of the cases) in the vaginal microbiota of hysterectomized patients with an incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis in 7.08% of the cases with a prevalence among the 41 to 50 year old age group (38 %). Among non-hysterectomized patients, 755 (2 %) had Gardnerella vaginalis and most patients were under 40 years of age (62%). CONCLUSION: Hysterectomized women are more than 3.71 times more likely to have Gardnerella vaginalis. Gardnerella vaginalis predominated in the 41 to 50 year old age group of hysterectomized women, and in the group of non-hysterectomized women with less than 40 years of age. Maintenance of the vaginal pH is important to prevent Gardnerella vaginalis infections and hysterectomized patients must take preventive care against this infection.

Nursing practice environment and work satisfaction in critical units. / Ambiente das práticas de enfermagem e satisfação profissional em unidades críticas.

OBJECTIVE:: to analyze the association between the environment of nursing practices and work satisfaction in Intensive Care Units (ICU). METHOD:: a cross-sectional study was performed in eight adult ICUs of a public university hospital between 2012 and 2015. The Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R), in their short forms, and the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) were applied to investigate the environment of nursing practices and work satisfaction, respectively. RESULTS:: a total of 100 (34.84%) nurses and 187 (65.15%) nursing assistants/technicians participated in this study. The environment was favorable for autonomy and relationships and it showed vulnerability for control of practices and organizational support. The IWS score indicated low work satisfaction. "Environment of practices", "length of work in the ICU" and "willingness to work" were associated with work satisfaction. CONCLUSION:: to invest in the environment of practices, in factors that promote willingness to work and length of experience in the ICU increases nursing work satisfaction.

Factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients. / Fatores relacionados à ocorrência de eventos adversos em pacientes idosos críticos.

OBJECTIVE:: to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients admitted to intensive care unit according to demographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD:: a retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine units of a teaching hospital. Data were collected from medical records and from monitoring of nursing shift change. We used the t-test/Mann-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression to test associations. Significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS:: out of the 315 elderly, 94 experienced events. Those who experienced events were men (60.6%) with mean age of 70.7 years, length of hospital stay of 10.6 days and survivors (61.7%). Most of the 183 events were clinical processes and procedures (37.1%). There was an association between adverse event and length of hospital stay in the unit (p=0.000; OR=1.10, 95% CI [1.06, 1.14]). CONCLUSION:: the identification of associated events and factors in the elderly subsidize the prevention of these occurrences before the vulnerability of this age group.

Comparação entre gravidade do paciente e carga de trabalho de enfermagem antes e após a ocorrência de eventos adversos em idosos em cuidados críticos / Comparación entre la gravedad del paciente y la carga de trabajo de la enfermería antes y después de la ocurrencia de eventos adversos en ancianos con cuidados críticos / Comparison between patient severity and nursing workload before and after the occurrence of adverse events in elderly in critical care

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a gravidade do paciente e a carga de trabalho de enfermagem antes e após a ocorrência de evento adverso moderado e grave em idosos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo comparativo, realizado em nove unidades de terapia intensiva de um Hospital Universitário de São Paulo. Os eventos foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes e classificados em moderados e graves segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. A análise da gravidade foi realizada segundo o Symplified Acute Phsiologic Score II e a carga de trabalho segundo o Nursing Activities Score, 24 horas antes e depois do evento moderado e grave. O teste t, com significância de 5%, foi utilizado para a comparação das médias da gravidade clínica e da carga de trabalho, antes e após o evento. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 315 idosos, sendo que 94 (29,8%) sofreram eventos moderados e graves nas unidades. Dos 94 eventos, predominou o tipo processo clínico e procedimento (40,0%). A instalação e manutenção de artefatos terapêuticos e cateteres foram as intervenções prevalentes que resultaram em danos fisiopatológicos (66,0%), de grau moderado (76,5%). A média de pontuação da carga de trabalho (75,19%) diminuiu 24 horas após a ocorrência do evento (71,97%, p=0,008) e, a gravidade, representada pela probabilidade de morte, aumentou de 22,0% para 29,0% depois do evento (p=0,045). Conclusão: no contexto da segurança do paciente, a identificação das alterações nas condições clínicas e na carga de trabalho de enfermagem em idosos que sofrem eventos subsidiam a prevenção dessas ocorrências.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar la gravedad del paciente y la carga de trabajo en enfermería antes y después de ocurrir un evento adverso moderado y grave en ancianos internados en unidades de terapia intensiva. Método: estudio comparativo realizado en nueve unidades de terapia intensiva de un Hospital Universitario de São Paulo. Los eventos fueron obtenidos a través de los prontuarios de los pacientes y clasificados en moderados y graves según la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El análisis sobre la gravedad fue realizado de acuerdo al Symplified Acute Physiologic Score II y la carga de trabajo se hizo conforme al Nursing Activities Score, 24 horas antes y después del evento moderado y grave. El test t, con una significancia del 5%, fue utilizado para la comparación de los promedios de la gravedad clínica y de la carga de trabajo antes y después del evento. Resultados: la muestra incluyó 315 ancianos, siendo que 94 (29,8%) sufrieron eventos moderados y graves en las unidades. De los 94 eventos, predominó el tipo de proceso clínico y el procedimiento (40,0%). La instalación y mantenimiento de artefactos terapéuticos y catéteres fueron las intervenciones prevalentes que resultaron en daños fisiopatológicos (66,0%) y de grado moderado (76,5%). El promedio de puntuación de la carga de trabajo (75,19%) disminuyó 24 horas después de ocurrido el evento (71,97%, p=0,008) y la gravedad, representada por la probabilidad de muerte, aumentó de 22,0% para 29,0% después del evento (p=0,045). Conclusion: en el contexto de seguridad del paciente, la identificación de las alteraciones en las condiciones clínicas y en la carga de trabajo de enfermería en los ancianos que sufren eventos subsidia la prevención de tales ocurrencias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the patient severity and the nursing workload before and after the occurrence of moderate and severe adverse events in elderly hospitalized at intensive care units. Method: comparative study developed at nine intensive therapy units of a University Hospital in São Paulo. The events were collected from the patient histories and classified as moderate and severe according to the World Health Organization. For the severity analysis, the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II was used and, for the workload analysis, the Nursing Activities Score was applied 24 hours before and after the moderate and severe event. The t-test with 5% significance was used to compare the mean clinical severity and workload scores before and after the event. Results: the sample consisted of 315 elderly, 94 (29.8%) of whom were victims of moderate and severe events at the units. Among the 94 events, the clinical process and procedure type was predominant (40.0%). The installation and maintenance of therapeutic artifacts and catheters were the prevalent interventions that resulted in moderate (76.5%) physiopathological damage (66.0%). The mean workload score (75.19%) dropped 24 hours after the occurrence of the event (71.97%, p=0.008), and the severity, represented by the probability of death, increased from 22.0% to 29.0% after the event (p=0.045). Conclusion: in the patient safety context, the identification of the changes in clinical conditions and the nursing workload in elderly victims of events supports the prevention of these occurrences.

Nursing workload in neurological intensive care units: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing workload has been associated with quality of patient care. Thus, it is important to measure nursing workload in neurological intensive care units (neuro-ICUs). OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to assess nursing workload in neuro-ICUs and identify independent factors associated with nursing workload. METHOD: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in two neuro-ICUs with 11 beds each (for a total of 22 beds) of a private general hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from the first 24 hours of admission to the neuro-ICUs from 100 consecutive patients were collected from the hospital database. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) was used to assess nursing workload in the neuro-ICUs. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at α=0.05. RESULTS: Patients were mostly men (52.00%), had a mean age of 55.10 years, median length of ICU stay of 2 days, and survival rate of 94.00%. Fifty-nine percent of patients were transferred from the surgical ward. Mean NAS was 65.18% (standard deviation=6.63%) and the risk of mortality according to the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) and the Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) was 17.79% and 16.30%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present results are important for the effective planning and use of nursing resources according to the care needs of patients in neuro-ICUs.

Sleeping difficulties reported by patients with heart failure.

The study aimed to describe the reports of heart failure patients on the factors that cause difficulties to sleep and the association of these factors with the quality of sleep. This cross-sectional study involved a non-probabilistic sample of 400 patients (mean age 57.8 years, 64.8% were men, average education of 6.1 years, 82.5% in functional class II or III) with heart failure. The main factors associated with sleeping difficulty were: nocturia, interrupted sleep at night and breathing difficulty. Sleeping difficulties in heart failure patients are diverse and there is an association between these difficulties and quality of sleep. Most of these disorders warrant professional nursing interventions.

Ambiente das práticas de enfermagem e satisfação profissional em unidades críticas / El ambiente de la práctica de enfermería y la satisfacción profesional en unidades críticas / Nursing practice environment and work satisfaction in critical units

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre ambiente das práticas de enfermagem e satisfação profissional em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: estudo transversal, realizado em 8 UTIs adulto de um hospital público universitário, no período entre 2012 e 2015. Para investigar o ambiente das práticas de enfermagem e satisfação profissional, foram aplicados, respectivamente, os instrumentos Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R), nas versões resumidas, e Índice de Satisfação Profissional (ISP). Resultados: participaram do estudo 100 (34,84%) enfermeiros e 187 (65,15%) técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem. O ambiente foi favorável para autonomia e relações e apresentou fragilidade para controle das práticas e suporte organizacional. O escore ISP indicou baixa satisfação profissional. As variáveis "ambiente das práticas", "tempo de trabalho em UTI" e "disposição para o trabalho" foram associadas à satisfação profissional. Conclusão: investir no ambiente das práticas, nos fatores que promovem a disposição e o tempo de experiência na UTI aumenta a satisfação profissional de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre el ambiente de la práctica de enfermería y la satisfacción profesional en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Método: estudio transversal realizado en ocho unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos de un hospital universitario público entre 2012 y 2015. Para investigar el ambiente de la práctica de enfermería y la satisfacción profesional, se aplicaron respectivamente a los instrumentos Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R) en la versión resumida, y el Índice de Satisfacción Profesional (ISP). Resultados: en el estudio, participaron 100 enfermeros (34.84%) y 187 asistentes/técnicos de enfermería (65.15%). El ambiente era favorable a la autonomía y las relaciones y mostró debilidad por las prácticas de control y apoyo organizativo. La puntuación ISP ha indicado baja satisfacción profesional. Las variables "ambiente de las prácticas", "tiempo de trabajo en la UCI" y "disposición para el trabajo" se asociaron con la satisfacción profesional. Conclusión: al investir en el ambiente de la práctica, en los factores que promueven la disposición y la duración de la experiencia en la UCI, se aumenta la satisfacción profesional de la enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between the environment of nursing practices and work satisfaction in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Method: a cross-sectional study was performed in eight adult ICUs of a public university hospital between 2012 and 2015. The Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R), in their short forms, and the Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) were applied to investigate the environment of nursing practices and work satisfaction, respectively. Results: a total of 100 (34.84%) nurses and 187 (65.15%) nursing assistants/technicians participated in this study. The environment was favorable for autonomy and relationships and it showed vulnerability for control of practices and organizational support. The IWS score indicated low work satisfaction. "Environment of practices", "length of work in the ICU" and "willingness to work" were associated with work satisfaction. Conclusion: to invest in the environment of practices, in factors that promote willingness to work and length of experience in the ICU increases nursing work satisfaction.

Carga de trabalho de enfermagem, estresse/burnout, satisfação e incidentes em unidade de terapia intensiva de trauma / Carga de trabajo de enfermeria, estres/burnout, satisfaccion e incidentes en una unidad de terapia intensiva de trauma / Nursing workload, stress/burnout, satisfaction and incidents in a trauma intensive care units

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a influência da carga trabalho, estresse, Burnout, satisfação e percepção do ambiente de cuidado, pela equipe de enfermagem com a presença de eventos adversos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Trauma. Método: estudo observacional realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Trauma. Para a coleta de incidentes foram acompanhados 195 pacientes, prospectivamente, sendo utilizados instrumentos para medir a carga de trabalho de enfermagem, estresse, Burnout, satisfação no trabalho e trabalho de avaliação do ambiente laboral pela equipe de enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise estatística. Resultados: ocorreram 1.586 incidentes, predominantemente incidentes sem dano (78,44%). Entre a equipe de enfermagem, 77,40% tinham níveis médios de estresse; 17,00% apresentaram Burnout; 56,6% estavam insatisfeitos e consideraram as características ambientais inadequadas. A carga de trabalho de enfermagem foi alta (73,24%). Houve associação entre incidentes e tempo de permanência. Os incidentes sem dano tiveram associação com a carga de trabalho de enfermagem. Conclusão: a identificação de fatores associados pode prevenir a ocorrência de incidentes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la influencia de la carga de trabajo, estrés, Burnout, satisfacción y percepción del ambiente de cuidado, por el equipo de enfermería con la presencia de eventos adversos en Unidad de Tratamiento Intensivo de Trauma. Método: estudio observacional en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Trauma. Para la recolección de los incidentes fueron seguidos prospectivamente 195 pacientes siendo utilizados instrumentos para medir la carga de trabajo de enfermería, el estrés, el Burnout, la satisfacción laboral y el trabajo de evaluación del entorno de trabajo por parte del personal de enfermería. Los datos se analizaron usando el estudio estadístico apropiado. Resultados: ocurrieron 1.586 incidentes predominantemente incidentes sin daño (78,44%). Entre el personal de enfermería, 77.40% tenían niveles medios de estrés; 17,00% mostró Burnout; y el 56,6% estaban insatisfechos y consideraron inadecuadas las características ambientales. La carga de trabajo de enfermería fue alta (73,24%). Se observó una asociación entre la incidencia y la duración de la estancia. Incidentes sin lesiones se asociaron con la carga de trabajo de enfermería. Conclusión: La identificación de factores asociados puede prevenir la aparición de incidentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the influence of workload, stress, Burnout, work satisfaction, the nursing team's perception of the care environment, and the presence of adverse events in a Trauma Intensive Care Units. Method: an observational study conducted at the Intensive Trauma Therapy Unit 195 patients were prospectively followed for the collection of incidents, and instruments were used to measure Nursing workload, stress, Burnout, job satisfaction and work environment assessment by the nursing team. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistics for the study. Results: we observed 1,586 incidents, predominantly no harm incidents (78.44%). Among the nursing staff, 77.40% had average levels of stress; 17.00% presented Burnout; 56.6% were dissatisfied and considered the environmental characteristics to be inadequate. Nursing workload was high (73.24%). An association between incident and length of stay was found. No harm incidents were associated with nursing workload. Conclusion: identifying associated factors can prevent the occurrence of incidents.

[Presence of cells of the cervical transitional zone in cervicovaginal smears in women older than 40 years old]. / Presença de células da junção escamo-colunar em esfregaços cérvico-vaginais de mulheres acima de 40 anos.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the frequency of cells of the cervical transitional zone (CTZ) in cervicovaginal smears of women older than 40 years. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study with review of 24,316 Pap smear reports during the period from January 2005 to December 2008, to evaluate the cases without material of the CTZ. Exclusion criteria were: total hysterectomy, smears with severe atrophy or unsatisfactory for analysis, cases without visualization of the cervix or the external orifice of the cervix closed during examination and records without the patient's age. A total of 21,866 cervical-vaginal cytology reports were included in this study. We evaluated the relationship between the presence of material of the CTZ and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in patients aged 40 years or more and the relationship between presence of material of the CTZ and a moderate to intense inflammatory process in patients aged 39 years or less. Data were analyzed statistically by the χ2 test and Odds Ratio. RESULTS: only 11.2% of patients younger than 40 years had no material from the CTZ in their smears, while 47% patients older than 40 years had no material from the CTZ (p=0.0001). Most patients aged 40 years or more (92.1%) did not use HRT and this was not a predictor of incidence of CTZ material in these patients (p> 0.05). In contrast, most patients younger than 40 years without CTZ material (74.5%) had abundant inflammation in the smears (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: patients aged 40 years or more had a lower incidence of material from the CTZ in cervicovaginal smears, and inflammation was a factor that contributed to the absence of CTZ material in the smears from patients younger than 40 years.