A case of hidradenitis suppurativa linked to trisomy 1q.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the apocrine gland affecting mainly areas subjected to friction (e.g. the axillae, groin, perineum and medial aspects of the thighs). This condition can be linked to different comorbidities: autoimmune and inflammatory disease, hormone-related disorders, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as rare syndromes such as Bazex-Dupré-Christol, Down's, KID, PAPASH, PASS, PASH, and SAPHO syndromes, or Dowling-Degos disease. We report a case of severe HS in a patient with Trisomy 1q;13, a very rare cytogenetic anomaly characterized by severe anomalies including dysmorphisms, multiple congenital malformations, heart defects and intellectual disability.

Efficacy and tolerability of a lotion containing triethyl citrate, ethyl linoleate, and GT peptide-10 in the adjuvant treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: Real-life data.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic disorder of terminal follicular epithelium in the apocrine gland-bearing areas. The long term therapy is based mainly on topical and/or systemic antibiotic use that could result in antibiotic resistance. The aim of our study was to present the real-life experience based on the efficacy and tolerability of a novel lotion containing triethyl-citrate, ethyl-linoleate, and g-peptide-10 in the treatment of mild to moderate HS that has already shown effectiveness in acne treatment. This was an open-label study on 30 patients of both sexes affected by HS. Patients were divided into two groups: 15 with Hurley I and 15 with Hurley II-III. The subjects were treated with the topical lotion, three-times-daily for eight weeks, with control at 4 (T1 ) and eight weeks (T2 ). Any other concomitant treatment (both topical and/or systemic) was avoided during study period. Improvement was observed in both Sartorius score grading system and inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts. The novel lotion has proved to be effective and well-tolerated topical agent alone or in association with other topical and/or systemic tratments in HS, without side effects.

Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response in moderate-severe psoriatic patients switched to adalimumab: results from the OPPSA study.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have compared the efficacy of switching to adalimumab in the real-life setting in plaque psoriasis patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adalimumab in psoriasis patients previously treated with other biologics. METHODS: In this multicentre study, psoriasis patients (N = 262) treated with an anti-TNF-alpha agent, ustekinumab or naïve to biologics then switched to adalimumab were included. Disease severity was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. The association between clinical risk factors and achievement of PASI response was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Adalimumab treatment resulted in a decrease in PASI (15.1 ± 6.2 at baseline vs. 2.7 ± 4.8 at 6 months, P < 0.0001), regardless of previous biologic treatment. Furthermore, adalimumab allowed 92.5%, 79% and 56% of patients to achieve PASI response (PASI 50, 75 and 90, respectively) and complete remission (PASI 100 response) in 48.4% of patients, by 6 months and maintained over 3 years, independent of prior biologic treatment. The absence of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and lower PASI and lower age at baseline was associated with achievement of PASI response at 3, 6 and 12 months, whereas at later time points (24 and 36 months), PASI 90 and PASI 100 response was associated with diagnosis of psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab was effective at reducing PASI score over 3 years, irrespective of whether patients were biologic naïve or previously treated with a TNF-alpha or IL-12/23 inhibitor.

Eczematous reactions in patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biological therapy: an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: The use of biologic agents, mainly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitors, was associated with cutaneous side effects, but the factors associated with eczematous reactions occurring during biologic treatments are not completely known. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, retrospective, multicentre Italian study evaluated the clinical features and the management of eczematous eruptions in 54 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis who developed eczema after treatment with biological agents (anti-IL-17 or 23). RESULTS: Many of these patients had personal and family history of atopy. Eczematous reactions developed between a few days and 3 years after initiation of the biologic drug. The highest proportion of cases associated with eczematous reactions during biologic treatments was seen in patients on anti-IL-17 agents, including brodalumab. We observed that eczema rapidly remitted without relapse in all patients who switched to anti-IL-23 agents. Among our cases, fast responders to psoriasis therapy seem to have more persistent eczematous reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with psoriasis and a history of atopic dermatitis should be treated with an IL-23 inhibitor due to its efficacy in psoriasis and the rarely reported eczematous reaction.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 attenuates cognitive impairment and progression of Alzheimer's disease and related bowel symptoms in SAMP8 mice by modulating microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain axis.

Background: Growing evidence highlights the relevance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients display gut dysbiosis, altered intestinal barrier and enteric inflammation that, besides bowel symptoms, can contribute to brain pathology. In this context, the modulation of gut microbiota is emerging as a therapeutical option to halt or slow down central pathology. Herein, we examined the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 in a spontaneous mouse model of AD. Methods: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and control SAMR1 mice were treated orally with HEAL9 1 × 109 CFU per mouse per day or placebo for two months to evaluate the effects of the probiotic during the earliest stages of AD, before the development of brain pathology. Cognitive impairment, in vivo and in vitro colonic motility, astrocyte and microglia reactive response, brain and colonic amyloid-ß1-42 (Aß1-42) levels, and inflammasome components activation (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and interleukin-1ß) were assessed. In addition, gut barrier alterations [circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels] and acidic mucus were evaluated. Results: HEAL9 administration significantly attenuated cognitive impairment and counteracted colonic dysmotility in SAMP8 mice. Moreover, HEAL9 decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis, Aß1-42 accumulation and inflammasome activation in colon and brain and normalized plasma LBP levels and colonic acidic mucus content. Conclusion: HEAL9 intake alleviated cognitive decline and normalized colonic motility in the prodromal phases of AD via the modulation of microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain signalling. Thus, dietary supplementation with HEAL9 could be considered as a suitable therapeutical option for the treatment of AD and related intestinal symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

Efficacy and Safety of bimekizumab in elderly patients: real-world multicenter retrospective study - IL PSO (Italian Landscape Psoriasis).

Purpose of the article: The aim of this multicenter observational study is to report data from real world on the use of bimekizumab in patients aged ≥ 65 years with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Elderly patients are poorly represented in clinical trials on bimekizumab for plaque psoriasis, and real-world studies are important to guide clinical choices.Materials and methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in 33 dermatological outpatient clinics in Italy. Patients aged ≥ 65 years, with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and treated with bimekizumab were enrolled. No exclusion criteria were applied. Bimekizumab was administered following the Italian Guidelines for the management of plaque psoriasis and according to the summary of product characteristics, in adult patients who were candidates for systemic treatments. Overall, 98 subjects were included, and received bimekizumab up to week 36. Clinical and demographic data were collected before the initiation of treatment with bimekizumab. At baseline and each dermatological examination (4, 16, and 36 weeks), clinical outcomes were measured by the following parameters: (1) PASI score; (2) site-specific (scalp, palmoplantar, genital, nail) Psoriasis Global Assessment (PGA). At each visit, the occurrence of any adverse events (AEs) was recorded, including serious AEs and AEs leading to bimekizumab discontinuation.Results: The mean PASI score was 16.6 ± 9.4 at baseline and significantly decreased to 4.3 ± 5.2 after 4 weeks (p < 0.001), and 1.1 ± 1.7 after 16 week (p < 0.001). This level of improvement was maintained after 36 weeks (p < 0.001). PASI ≤2 was recorded in 36 (36.7%) at week 4, 68% and 69.4% at week 16 and 36, respectively. By week 16, 86/98 (87.8%) patients reached PASI75, 71/98 (72.4%) obtained PASI90, and 52/98 (53.1%) PASI100. Binary logistic regression tests showed a significant association of PASI100 by week 4 with lower PASI at baseline. PASI 100 at 16 or 36 weeks was not associated with baseline PASI, obesity, age, gender, previously naïve state, and presence of psoriatic arthritis. Patients naïve to biologics at baseline had similar response to bimekizumab as non-naïve subjects.Conclusions: Bimekizumab is a suitable option for elder patients as it is effective, tolerated and has a convenient schedule.

Efficacy of food supplement to improve metabolic syndrome parameters in patients affected by moderate to severe psoriasis during anti-TNFα treatment.

AIM: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease. Recently a relationship with metabolic syndrome in terms of psoriasis severity and response to therapy was observed. METHODS: We performed an open-label randomized controlled study to evaluate the role of a nutraceutical containing Q10 coenzyme, Krill-oil, lipoic acid, resveratrol, Vitis vinifera seed oil, vitamin E and selenium in addition to etanercept therapy for patients affected by psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Forty patients were enrolled and divided into two arms, one receiving only etanercept, one other receiving also the neutraceutical. After a period of 3 months (T1) a second evaluation of the considered parameters was performed. RESULTS: At T1 statistically significant differences were detected in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides values both comparing the two arms and in the nutraceutical arm. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the dietary addiction of the nutraceutical to the etanercept therapy in patients affected by both psoriasis and metabolic syndrome could help to restore the normal lipid profile.

HIV positive patient treated with ixekizumab.

Abstract: Psoriasis is a immune-mediated, chronic, inflammatory skin dis-ease. In HIV positive (HIV+) patients we usually observe more serious clinical features and recalcitrant course. Furthermore, therapeutic man-agement of HIV+ patient is complex and requires collaboration with the infectious disease specialist. We report the case of a patient affected by severe psoriasis who contracted HIV infection during biological therapy and, subsequently, succesfully treated with ixekizumab.

A case of proliferative nodule arising within blue nevus.

Abstract: Blue nevi are a heterogeneous group of lesions that can display a variety of different clinicopathological characteristics. Although attempts are made to classify each lesion into defined subtypes, there can be overlap between the subtypes. The clinical , dermoscopic and histolopathologic features of a case of proliferative nodule arising within blue nevus is discussed. Running title: Blue nevi are an heterogeneous group of melanocytic lesions blue tinctorial properties. Proliferative nodules are rare benign lesions often present at birth as a component of a large congenital melanocytic nevi, congenital or acquired nevi. We first report a case of proliferative nodule arising within blue nevus.

Use of brodalumab for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: a one-year real-life study in the Lazio region, Italy.

Background: Information is limited from real-life studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of brodalumab.Research design and methods: In this real-life study, we retrospectively examined a database of 90 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with brodalumab (210 mg, s.c.) and followed for 1 year. Disease severity and treatment response were assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at baseline and after 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. Predictors of a PASI response were evaluated by logistic regression.Results: After 48 weeks, 92.2% of patients (mean age 50.2 ± 15 years) treated with brodalumab achieved a PASI score of <3. PASI score decreased from 17.4 ± 10.3 at baseline to 1.7 ± 3.9 and 1.4 ± 3.7 at 12 and 24 weeks, and PASI 75, 90, and 100 response was achieved in 87.3%, 81.8%, and 72.7% of patients, respectively, at 48 weeks.Univariate regression revealed that previous exposure to anti-IL17A treatment was associated with poorer PASI response between 36 and 48 weeks. In difficult-to-treat cases previously having failed with other biologics, brodalumab significantly improved outcome, leading to complete remission.Conclusion: Brodalumab was observed to be effective and safe in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic psoriasis in a real-world setting.

How lockdown measures, during COVID-19 pandemic, matter on psoriatic patient's perception: Study on 600 patients on biologic therapy.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis of global proportion. In psoriatic patients treated with biologic agents, evidence is not yet available on susceptibility to infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and data about the perception of COVID-19 and its impact on these patients are lacking. AIMS: The aim of this observational, spontaneous study was the evaluation of the impact of anti COVID-19 measures in "fragile population" such as patients with a chronic inflammatory disease. Thus, we evaluated the impact of perceived risk on quality of life of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, in our outpatient clinic, and how their perceptions changed before and after the adoption of Covid-19 emergency measures following the Italian Ministerial Decree in March 9, 2020. METHODS: Using a series of questions, our study surveyed adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis receiving treatment with biologic agents (n = 591), before and after the adoption of COVID-19 emergency measures. RESULTS: Most patients (97%) had been sufficiently informed by healthcare staff about COVID-19 spread. A significant change was observed in social activity reduction before and after the adoption of the measures (18% vs. 90% of patients; P < 0.0001). Similarly, patients were more likely to suspend ongoing therapy after the measures were adopted than before (87% vs. 34% of patients; P < 0.0001). Following the measures, older patients were significantly more inclined to suspend therapy and reduce social activities than younger patients. CONCLUSIONS: Government COVID-19 emergency measures further curtailed already reduced social activities in psoriatic patients, and led to a greater inclination to suspend biologic therapy, more so in older patients, despite there being no evidence to support this suspension. These vulnerable patients may need support from clinicians in order to maintain treatment adherence.

PET-guided Switch from Immunotherapy to Targeted Therapy in a Metastatic Melanoma Patient: a personalized approach.

An early identification of non-responders in oncology is of crucial importance to rapidly switch treatment regimens. Here we report a positron emission tomography, (PET)-guided switch from immunotherapy to targeted therapy in a patient affected by metastatic melanoma. We describe the case of a 78-years-old male patient diagnosed with nodular melanoma, submitted to baseline PET/CT with 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) that showed cutaneous and skeletal metastases (stage IV). The patients started immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. A PET/CT performed 3 months after the start of immunotherapy demonstrated progressive metabolic disease both at skeletal and cutaneous level, confirmed also by the biopsy. As patients resulted positive for BRAF V600k mutation, treatment regimen was rapidly switched to combined anti-BRAF/MEK targeted therapy. The PET/CT performed 3 months later, showed almost complete metabolic response. Ten months after the beginning of targeted therapy, the patient continues to present a durable metabolic response. PET/CT with 18F-FDG may help in monitoring the response to treatment in metastatic melanoma thus defining personalized therapeutic pathways.

Benefit of a topic ointment as co-medication with biologic drugs for the management of moderate-severe psoriasis: a prospective, observational real-life study.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythemato-squamous lesions with a chronic relapsing course. The desease clinical activity (PASI) and the patient's quality of life (DLQI) are the main elements to assess for setting up a correct therapeutic management. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the management of the patient with moderate-severe psoriasis in therapy with biological drugs and to establish the difference in the achievement of PASI 90 and DLQI 0-1 between a group of patients treated with only biological drugs and a group of patients receiving biologic therapy in combination with a topical ointment. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational real-life study enrolling 60 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and divided in two groups: Group A patients treated with biological drugs, Group B patiens treated with biological drugs in association with an ointment composed of betamethasone, salicylic acid and ammonium sulpho-ichtyolate, applied 2 times a day. PASI and DLQI were evaluated at study beginning (T0) for both study groups, after 12 weeks (T3) for sample in therapy with biological drugs and after 24 weeks (T6) for sample in co-medication therapy. RESULTS: The two-way ANOVA method was used to evaluate the standard deviations (SD): at T3 and T6 Group B obtained a significant PASI reduction and improvement of DLQI (* p value <0.05) compared to Group A. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shown that the patients treated with biologics in co-medication with topical therapy reached a significantly higher PASI and DQLI compared with those treated with only biologics. Furthermore we observed that the association with topical oinment showed more efficacy in the treatment of areas such as palm-plantar region, that is often difficult-to-treat region, even for biologic drugs.

Clinical and histopathological characterization of eczematous eruptions occurring in course of anti IL-17 treatment: a case series and review of the literature.

Background: Real-life data often highlight the side effects of certain drugs not previously reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Objective: To describe cutaneous inflammatory eruptions in psoriatic patients treated with an anti IL-17A agent (secukinumab or ixekizumab).Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis who started an anti IL-17A agent between September 2016-February 2019 and who developed cutaneous inflammatory eruptions during treatment. A systematic review of similar events reported in the literature was performed.Results: Data of 468 patients were reviewed and 27 cutaneous inflammatory eruptions of 27 (5.8%) patients were collected. The eruptions appeared after a mean of 16.9 ± 17.0 weeks of therapy showing a classical acute eczema in 11 patients (40.7%), an atopic dermatitis-like rash in 11 patients (40.7%) and a psoriasiform eruption in 5 patients (18.5%). Histopathology of 12/27 cases showed epidermal spongiosis in all these variants.Conclusion: We described the clinic-pathologic features of some eczematous eruptions occurring in psoriatic patients, 3-4 months after treatment initiation with an anti IL-17A agent. Further investigations are needed to explain this phenomenon, that might be defined a paradoxical adverse event, based upon the role of IL17 in eczema pathogenesis.

Effects of L-DOPA/benserazide co-treatment on colonic excitatory cholinergic motility and enteric inflammation following dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurodegeneration.

INTRODUCTION: The mainstay therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) relies on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) plus a DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor. However, their effects on colonic dysmotility and inflammation observed in PD are undetermined. This study examined the effects of L-DOPA plus benserazide (BE) on colonic motility and inflammation in rats with central nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation. METHODS: Neurodegeneration was induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). 6-OHDA animals were treated orally with L-DOPA/BE for 28 days, starting 28 days after 6-OHDA injection. At the end of treatment, in vivo colonic transit was evaluated by a radiologic assay. Electrically stimulated (ES) cholinergic contractions were recorded in vitro from colonic preparations, while acetylcholine release was measured in the incubation medium. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression as well as eosinophil and mast cell density were examined in the colonic wall by immunohistochemistry. Colonic TNF and IL-1ß levels were also assayed. RESULTS: 6-OHDA animals displayed: 1) decrease in in vivo colonic transit; 2) impairment of ES-stimulated cholinergic contractions; 3) decreased acetylcholine release from myenteric nerves; 4) decrease in ChAT and increase in GFAP myenteric immunopositivity; 5) increase in eosinophil and mast cell density; 6) increase in TNF and IL-1ß levels. Treatment with L-DOPA/BE elicited an improvement of in vivo and in vitro colonic motor activity, a normalization of acetylcholine release, ChAT immunopositivity, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine patterns, ganglionic GFAP levels, eosinophil and mast cell density. CONCLUSION: Under dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation, treatment with L-DOPA/BE ameliorated colonic motility through a normalization of myenteric cholinergic neurotransmission, along with an improvement of colonic inflammation.

Constitutive expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the neuromuscular compartment of normal human colon.

Prostaglandins regulate various functions throughout the gastrointestinal system. Their biosynthesis depends on cyclooxygenase isoforms, named COX-1 and COX-2. The initial hypothesis that COX-2 is an inducible enzyme has been challenged and its constitutive expression in the stomach has been established. In this study, an immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the distribution and cellular localization of COX-2 in normal human colon. Colonic surgical specimens were processed for COX-2, protein HuC/HuD, neurofilament, S-100 protein and CD117/c-kit immunodetection. COX-2 protein was found to be constitutively expressed in the colonic wall: detectable amounts were localized in mucosal, submucosal and muscular layers, mainly in the neuromuscular compartment. In particular, COX-2 was expressed in muscularis mucosae, submucosal ganglia, longitudinal muscle layer and myenteric ganglia, the neurons of which displayed different degrees of immunostaining. Intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal, regarded as important sites for the regulation of enteric neuromuscular activity, were also partly COX-2 immunoreactive. This study provides a detailed mapping of COX-2 expression in human colon, and allows better understanding of the roles played by this isoenzyme in gut physiology.

Morphological features of ovine embryonic lung fibroblasts cultured on different bioactive scaffolds.

Tissue regeneration with autologous cell transplantation is one of the most important goals in clinical research. In this field, the development of bioactive materials that provide microenvironments for cell-matrix interactions mimicking biological conditions is required. In recent years, many synthetic materials have been developed as scaffolds and many procedures for the surface modification of these materials have been applied using biological molecules. In this study, we analyzed the morphology and the molecule production by ovine embryonic lung fibroblasts cultured on three different sponge-like matrices based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA): agarose/PLLA, crosslinked and uncrosslinked gelatin/PLLA. The matrices were produced by using an emulsion freeze-drying method leading to the formation of sponge-like materials with high porosity and with interconnection between the pores. In vitro MTT test demonstrated that transplanted cells were viable and metabolically active. Morphological analysis revealed that fibroblasts adhered to and penetrated the polymeric structures. Moreover, all the different matrices supported fibroblast production of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and matrix molecules such as elastin, collagen I, and fibronectin. These data suggest that the tested bioactive scaffolds may support the growth and extracellular matrix molecule production of fibroblasts allowing in vitro connective tissue regeneration.