The relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease and skin measurement parameters.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between skin parameters and CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease as the patient group and 45 volunteers without any known coronary artery disease as the control group. The participants' skin TEWL, pH, temperature, electrical capacitance, sebum, and elasticity values were measured using noninvasive methods at the forehead, back, and forearm. FINDINGS: Skin temperature was significantly higher in the back and forehead regions in the patient group. No difference was found between the sebum values of the patient and control groups at the back and forehead. A significantly higher result was obtained for the forearm area. The pH was significantly lower in the patients' forearm, although the obtained values were within the normal range. The TEWL was significantly higher in patients in all three regions. In terms of flexibility, R2 was significantly higher in the back and forehead regions of the patient group, and the R6 was significantly higher in the patient group in all three regions. In addition, there was no correlation between skin parameter and SYNTAX score increase measurements. CONCLUSION: It can be suggested that skin sebum and TEWL measurements can be accepted as cheap and noninvasive methods of predicting CAD.

A multicentre prospective analysis of the incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The differentiation between the pemphigoid diseases is essential for treatment and prognosis. In Turkey, data on the incidence of these diseases are insufficient. Our aim in this study is to determine the incidence, demographics and clinical characteristics associated with diseases of the pemphigoid group. METHODS: We prospectively analysed 295 patients with pemphigoid who visited dermatology clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in 12 different regions of Turkey within a year. The diagnosis was based on clinical, histopathological, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and serological (multivariant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence and mosaic-based BIOCHIP) examinations. Clinical and demographic findings, aetiological factors and concomitant diseases observed in the patients were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 295 (female/male ratio: 1.7/1) patients with pemphigoid were diagnosed in 1-year period. The overall incidence rate of pemphigoid diseases was found to be 3.55 cases per million-years. The ratio of pemphigoid group diseases to pemphigus group diseases was 1.6. The most common pemphigoid type was bullous pemphigoid (BP, 93.2%). The others were epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (3.1%), pemphigoid gestationis (2.4%), linear IgA disease (1%) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (0.3%). The most common (26.8%) possible trigger of the bullous pemphigoid was gliptin derivative drugs. The most common concomitant diseases with pemphigoid were cardiovascular (27.8%) and neurological diseases (23.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the increased frequency of bullous pemphigoid reversed the pemphigoid/pemphigus ratio in Turkey. Further studies are warranted regarding the reasons for this increase.

Multicenter study evaluating the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology outpatients in Turkey.

COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on public health, whether directly or indirectly. The first case was seen in Turkey on March 11, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic on March 12, 2020. The study aimed to document the effect of pandemic on dermatology outpatient clinics in Turkey. Fifteen tertiary hospitals from 13 provinces were included in the study, which was conducted between January 12 and May 12, 2020. The International Codes of Diseases (ICD-10) categories and patients' characteristics were evaluated before and after the pandemic. A total of 164 878 patients, 133 131 before and 31 747 after the pandemic, were evaluated. The daily hospital applications were found reduced by 77%. The three of the most frequent diagnoses; dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis remained unchanged after the pandemic. While the frequency of herpes zoster, scabies, urticaria, pityriasis rosea and sexually transmitted diseases increased significantly; allergic and irritant contact dermatitis decreased after the pandemic. The applications regarding cutaneous neoplasms were considerably reduced during the pandemic, and this effect was more pronounced in cities with higher COVID incidence. The pandemic caused a noteworthy reduction in the number of patients accessing dermatological care. The pandemic caused significant changes in the frequency of a wide range of dermatological diseases. The application of cutaneous neoplasms is considerably reduced after the pandemic, and this effect was more pronounced in cities where pandemics are frequent. Therefore, the pandemic has resulted on numerous impacts on many critical issues in dermatology and dermatological care.

Differences in skin lesions of endogenous and exogenous Cushing's patients.

INTRODUCTION: Cushing's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by increased glucocorticoid levels. Dermatologically, it causes a variety of skin conditions such as atrophy, striae, acne, plethora, hypertrichosis, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, hyperpigmentation, alopecia, purpura and fragile skin. Although skin lesions of Cushing's syndrome have been described, exogenous and endogenous types have not been studied in detail. AIM: To determine differences in possible skin lesions depending on the cause of Cushing's syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 35 patients - 16 iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome patients and 19 endogenous Cushing's syndrome patients - who were diagnosed in Erciyes University and 15 healthy individuals were included in this study. RESULTS: There was at least one skin finding in 34 (97.1%) of the patients with Cushing's syndrome and 9 (60%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Comparison regarding skin findings in patient and control groups revealed that hypertrichosis, hyperpigmentation, and fungal infections were significantly more frequent in the patient group than the control group. Hirsutism was found more frequently in the endogenous group whereas stria, hypertrichosis and fungal infections were more frequent in the exogenous group. CONCLUSIONS: Since Cushing's syndrome is a rare disease and it is often diagnosed later in life, data on the frequency of skin findings are limited and sparse in the literature. In the comparison of endogenous Cushing's and exogenous Cushing's groups, acne, hypertrichosis, and fungal infections were found more frequently in the exogenous Cushing's group and hirsutism more frequently in the endogenous Cushing's group.

Long-term effect of systemic isotretinoin on female fertility.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common diseases of the youth. Systemic isotretinoin is the only drug which acts on all of the etiopathogenic mechanisms of acne. Isotretinoin has some well-known side effects. Besides these, there is a suspicion whether it affects fertility or not. Previously, we conducted a study about isotretinoin's effect on ovarian reserve which showed deteriorative reserve. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of systemic isotretinoin on female fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 82 female patients who were enrolled in the first study, 79 patients were included in this study. Twelve months after the end of systemic isotretinoin treatment, patients were reevaluated by using the same parameters which include anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), ovarian volume (OV), antral follicle count (AFC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, free testosterone and total testosterone. RESULTS: The changes in the mean AMH, OV and AFC were statistically significant between the sixth and eighteenth months (the end of systemic isotretinoin treatment and 12 months treatment free). The mean AMH, OV and AFC values at the beginning and at the 18th month were statistically similar. CONCLUSION: The deteriorative effects of systemic isotretinoin treatment on ovarian reserve, which can be accepted as an indicator of female fertility, diminish in time.

Androgenetic alopecia as an indicator of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.

Numerous studies have investigated a probable association between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by researching limited and dispersed parameters. We aimed to evaluate both traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in male patients with early-onset AGA. This case-control study included 68 participants: 51 male patients with early-onset AGA and 17 healthy male controls. Patients with AGA were classified into three groups according to the Hamilton-Norwood scale and the presence of vertex hair loss. Traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors were examined in all study subjects. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 25 patients with AGA and in two control subjects (p < 0.05). The carotid intima-media thickness values were found to be significantly higher in patients with vertex pattern AGA than in patients without vertex baldness and controls (p < 0.05). The pulse-wave velocity values were also found to be significantly higher in patients (p < 0.001). A limitation of this study was the small study population. In conclusion, vertex pattern AGA appears to be a marker for early atherosclerosis. This finding supports the hypothesis that early-onset AGA alone could be an independent risk factor for CVD and metabolic syndrome.

The association of androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance is independent of hyperandrogenemia: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) occurs due to the effect of androgens and genetic predisposition. The association between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR) has been clearly documented. In recent years there have been reports supporting the presence of IR in AGA. The study aimed to investigate the presence of IR in women with AGA and discern whether or not it is associated with hyperandrogenism. METHODS: Overall, 77 women with AGA were included in the study. Patients with Ludwig grades I-III AGA were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were drawn for measurements of hormone profile, basal insulin and fasting blood glucose (FBG). An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on another day. IR was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment score. RESULTS: All IR parameters were significantly higher in the 75 study subjects without DM than in the control group (P < 0.05). After excluding five patients with IGT, the level of all IR parameters were still higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Hyperandrogenemia was found in 30 (40%) patients. When this second group (n = 45) (excluding patients with hyperandrogenemia) was compared with the control group on IR, all parameters except for basal insulin were significantly higher in the second group than in the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a relation between IR and AGA in female patients. We showed for the first time that the association of AGA and IR is independent of hyperandrogenemia.

The effect of systemic isotretinoin on male fertility.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common diseases of the youth. Systemic isotretinoin is the only drug which acts on all of the etiopathogenic mechanisms of acne. Isotretinoin has some well-known side effects. Besides these, there is a suspicion whether it causes infertility or not. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic isotretinoin on male fertility. METHODS: Eighty one male patients, who were older than 18 years of age, and had severe or refractory acne vulgaris were included in the study. They were given a total dose of 120 mg/kg of systemic isotretinoin over a period of six months. Before and after the study, the spermiogram parameters of the patients were evaluated to show any possible effect on male fertility. The patients' total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: All of the spermiogram parameters changed positively (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the hormone levels. CONCLUSION: Systemic isotretinoin has a positive effect on male fertility. Since the hormone levels did not change significantly, this positive effect of isotretinoin is not via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis but can be due to its regenerative and proliferative effects on the testes.

Thyroid abnormalities in paediatric patients with vitiligo: retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The association between vitiligo and thyroid disease is not fully investigated especially in paediatric patients. AIM: To determine the incidence of vitiligo and thyroid disorders in children. This is the first report from middle Anatolia and the second report from Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to examine the presence of thyroid abnormalities in paediatric patients who had been admitted to the dermatology department with vitiligo. RESULTS: A total of 155 paediatric patients, including 80 (52%) male and 75 (48%) female patients were included. The mean age was 8.6 years. Non segmental vitiligo was the most common type of the disease in 140 (90%) reviewed patients, while segmental vitiligo appeared only in 15 (10%) patients. The mean onset of vitiligo was 5.6 ±0.9 years. A family history of vitiligo was found in 14 (9%) children. Thirty-four (22%) patients had thyroid function tests and/or thyroid autoantibody abnormality. All of these patients had non segmental vitiligo. It was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in types of vitiligo and thyroid disease parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that it may be useful to screen thyroid in children with non segmental vitiligo.

Real-life data over 36 weeks of guselkumab treatment in psoriasis patients: A single-center study from Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is an important health problem responsible for morbidity and workforce loss. In recent years, anti-IL-23 drugs have become essential in psoriasis treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of guselkumab therapy, recently used in Turkey, by examining real-life data over 36 weeks. METHODS: A total of 39 psoriasis patients (>18 years old) who received guselkumab treatment between December 2021 and December 2022 in the dermatology department of our hospital were included in the study. Patients" ages, sexes, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, duration of illness, drugs used before guselkumab treatment, clinical response to guselkumab treatment, and side effects, if any, were recorded. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores at baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24, and 36 were evaluated, as well as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS: The PASI scores at Weeks 4, 12, 24, and 36 and the DLQI at Week 36 decreased statistically compared with baseline (p < 0.05). The PASI score at baseline and Weeks 4, 24, and 36 did not differ between groups based on IL-17 use (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BMI, disease duration, and PASI scores at baseline and Weeks 4, 12, 24, and 36. No side effects were observed in any of the patients during treatment. CONCLUSION: This study includes real-life data on the use of guselkumab therapy for psoriasis in the Turkish population. Based on the results, guselkumab is a highly effective and safe treatment.

Disease burden, clinical management and unmet treatment need of patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata; consensus statements, insights, and practices from CERTAAE (Central/Eastern EU, Russia, Türkiye AA experts) Delphi panel.

Objectives: This study aims to update the understanding of Alopecia Areata (AA) in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Türkiye, focusing on the disease burden, clinical management, and patient journey. It seeks to establish a consensus on optimal management strategies for AA in these regions. Methods: A modified 2-round Delphi panel was conveyed with 23 Dermatologists (Russia; 4, Türkiye; 7, Poland; 6, and Czechia; 6). The Delphi questionnaire consisted of 61 statements and 43 questions designed to obtain an overall understanding of the perception and acceptance of available information regarding the care of patients with alopecia areata. Results: The study revealed that moderate-to-severe AA significantly impacts patients' and their families' QoL, consistent with previous studies. AA was found to cause more substantial impairment when additional lesions appeared in visible areas besides the scalp. Work and productivity impairment were notably higher in adults with moderate-to-severe AA. Diagnostic consensus highlighted the importance of skin biopsies and trichoscopy, while the need for more practical severity scoring systems was emphasized. Current treatments, including topical therapies, corticosteroids, and systemic immune modifiers, were deemed insufficient, highlighting the unmet medical need. Conclusion: The Delphi study underscores a significant disease burden and unmet medical needs in patients with moderate-to-severe AA. It highlights the necessity of access to novel treatments and further research to develop more effective therapies with a tolerable safety profile. The findings align with global research, emphasizing the psychosocial impact of AA and the need for standardized, effective treatment protocols.

Relationship of psoriatic arthritis with nail and scalp involvement in Turkish psoriasis patients: Multicentered cross-sectional study.

Psoriasis is a common multisystem inflammatory disease, and arthritis is an essential component of the disorder, requiring early diagnosis and prompt treatment for successful management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between nail and scalp involvement and other covariates with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 2021 through December 2021, included 763 patients from 11 different centers in Turkey. The severity of involvement was evaluated using psoriasis area severity index (PASI), nail psoriasis severity index (NAPSI), and psoriasis scalp severity index (PSSI) scores. Predictors for PsA were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. PsA (n = 155, 21.5%) was significantly more common in patients having a family history of psoriasis (43.2% vs 30.9%, P = .004), nail involvement (68.4% vs 52.3%, P < .001), and coexistence of nail and scalp involvement (53.7% vs 39.6%, P = .002). Furthermore, patients with PsA had considerably higher PASI (7 vs 5.6, P = .006), NAPSI (5 vs 2, P < .001), and PSSI scores (7 vs 4, P = .002) and longer disease duration (months) (126 vs 108, P = .009). In multivariate analysis, female gender [OR: 3.01, 95% CI (1.861-4.880), P < .001], nail involvement [OR: 2.06, 95% CI (1.293-3.302), P = .002)], and body mass index (BMI) [OR: 1.06, 95% CI (1.017-1.100), P = .005] were identified as independent predictors for PsA. Female gender, nail involvement, and high BMI are significant predictors for PsA and warrant detailed rheumatological assessment. Notably, being female is the strongest predictor of increased risk of PsA in our survey. Scalp involvement appears not to be associated with PsA. Also, the presence of PsA seems related to a more severe skin involvement phenotype.

Disease burden, clinical management and unmet treatment need of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis; consensus statements, insights and practices from CERTADE (Central/Eastern EU, Russia, Turkiye AD Experts) Delphi panel.

Background: There is limited insight into the current disease burden and everyday clinical management of moderate-to- severe AD in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Turkiye. Therefore, this study aimed to get information-driven insights regarding the current disease burden and clinical management of patients with moderate-to-severe AD with common and differentiating aspects of the patient journey and establish a consensus. Methods: In this modified 2-round Delphi panel, 133 questions were asked in total to 27 dermatologists. A consensus was achieved when 70% of the panel members strongly agreed or agreed (or strongly disagreed or disagreed) with an item. Statements with <40% agreement dropped from the Delphi rounds and were not repeated. Results: The results state that AD has a significant impact on the quality of life for both patients and their families with social and economic consequences in these countries. While there were significant dissimilarities regarding the current treatment approach by preference order and treatment duration among participants, there was also a high percentage of consensus on literature and guideline-based statements. Current topical therapies and the immune response modifiers were not found to be sufficient by panelists to cover the therapeutic needs of patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Moreover, panelists highlighted the significant burden of adverse events with the off-label use of currently available immunosuppressants. Conclusions: These results underlined that there is a significant disease burden with an unmet treatment need for patients with moderate-to-severe AD in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Turkiye.

Analysis of factors influencing target PASI responses and side effects of methotrexate monotherapy in plaque psoriasis: a multicenter study of 1521 patients.

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used as first-line systemic treatment agent in psoriasis. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients with psoriasis undergoing MTX monotherapy. Data from adult patients with plaque psoriasis who received MTX monotherapy for at least 3 months between April 2012 and April 2022 were retrospectively evaluated in 19 tertiary care centers. Our study included 722 female and 799 male patients, a total of 1521 participants. The average age of the patients was 44.3 ± 15.5 years. Mode of treatment was oral in 20.4% of patients while in 79.4% it was subcutaneous. The median treatment duration was 8 months (IQR = 5-15). The median weekly dose was 15 mg (IQR = 11-15). 1448 (95.2%) patients were taking folic acid supplementation. At week 12, 16.3% of the patients achieved PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) 90 response while at week 24, 37.3% achieved it. Logistic regression analysis for week 12 identified the following independent factors affecting PASI 90 achievement positively: median weekly MTX dose ≤ 15 mg (P = 0.011), subcutaneous administration (P = 0.005), no prior systemic treatment (< 0.001) and folic acid use (0.021). In logistic regression analysis for week 24; median weekly MTX dose ≤ 15 mg (P = 0.001), baseline PASI ≥ 10 (P < 0.001), no prior systemic treatment (P < 0.004), folic acid use (P = 0.001) and absence of comorbidities (P = 0.009) were determined as independent factors affecting the achievement of PASI 90. Adverse effects were observed in 38.8% of the patients, with nausea/vomiting (23.9%) and transaminase elevation (13%) being the most common. The most common reasons for interruptions (15.3%) and discontinuations (27.1%) of the treatment were patient related individual factors. The use of MTX as the first systemic treatment agent, at doses ≤ 15 mg/week and concurrent folic acid application are positive predictive factors for achieving the target PASI response both at weeks 12 and 24. In our study, which is one of the most comprehensive studies on MTX treatment in psoriasis, we observed that MTX is an effective and safe treatment option.

The role of new inflammatory markers in determining disease activation and severity in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Recently published studies have suggested the use of markers of inflammation to monitor HS patients. These studies discuss the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SIII), which are also used in other inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to compare the blood parameters, including NLR, PLR, SIII, and PIV, in HS patients and healthy individuals, and determine their correlation with disease severity. The study included 81 HS patients and 61 healthy volunteers. The patients' medical records and laboratory values of the control group were reviewed retrospectively. HS severity was assessed using Hurley staging. NLR, PLR, SIII, and PIV values were calculated based on complete blood counts. NLR, SIII, and PIV values were significantly higher in HS patients compared to the healthy control group and were positively associated with disease severity. There was no significant difference observed in PLR values concerning disease severity. This study suggests that NLR, SIII, and PIV values can be utilized as simple and cost-effective tests to monitor disease activity and severity in HS patients. However, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to establish diagnostic cutoff values, and further evaluation of sensitivity and specificity is required.

Decrease in RNase HII and Accumulation of lncRNAs/DNA Hybrids: A Causal Implication in Psoriasis?

Functional long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been in the limelight in aging research because short telomeres are associated with higher levels of TERRA (Telomeric Repeat containing RNA). The genomic instability, which leads to short telomeres, is a mechanism observed in cell aging and in a class of cancer cells. Psoriasis, a skin disease, is a disorder of epidermal keratinocytes, with altered telomerase activity. Research on the fraction of nascent RNAs in hybrid with DNA offers avenues for new strategies. Skin and blood samples from patients were fractionated to obtain the RNA associated with DNA as a R-loop structure. The higher amount of TERRA levels attached with each chromosome end was found with psoriasis patients in blood and skin. In addition to telomeric TERRA, we evidenced accumulation of others non-coding RNA, such as non-telomeric TERRA and centromeric transcripts. Increased levels of non-coding RNAs attached to DNA correlates with a decreased in Ribonuclease HII (RNase-HII) transcript which means that overall unresolved DNA-RNA hybrids can ultimately weaken DNA and cause skin lesions. Since the genome is actively transcribed, cellular RNase-HII is essential for removing RNA from the DNA-RNA hybrid in controls of genome stability and epigenome shaping and can be used as a causal prognostic marker in patients with psoriasis.

Evaluation of the causes affecting the development of pruritus in patients with peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of pruritus in uremic patients. The pathophysiology is complex and many factors have been identified in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence, severity, and possible causes of pruritus in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) . METHODS: Eighty patients, who received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment, were included in this study. Biochemical measurements, parathormone, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vitamin B12 levels of all the patients were recorded. Furthermore, substance P (SP) levels were measured by ELISA methods. Patients were examined by a dermatologist and pruritus degrees were queried using the visual analog score (VAS) with skin dryness. RESULTS: In generalized linear model analysis, total urea clearance and SP independently predicted VAS scores. SP was significantly predictive in ROC analysis in identifying the VAS score in patients with peritoneal dialysis. The sensitivity and specificity of SP were 80% and 67% (cut-off > 364), respectively, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.757 (95% CI 0.650-0.865, p < 0.001). SP also was significantly predictive in ROC analysis in identifying xerosis in PD patients. CONCLUSION: Pruritus was proportional to the amount of substance P and total urea clearance was another reason affecting pruritus in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Cutaneous reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: In this study covering all of Turkey, we aimed to define cutaneous and systemic adverse reactions in our patient population after COVID-19 vaccination with the Sinovac/CoronaVac (inactivated SARS-CoV-2) and Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study included individuals presenting to the dermatology or emergency outpatient clinics of a total of 19 centers after having been vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccines. Systemic, local injection site, and non-local cutaneous reactions after vaccination were identified, and their rates were determined. RESULTS: Of the 2290 individuals vaccinated between April 15 and July 15, 2021, 2097 (91.6%) received the CoronaVac vaccine and 183 (8%) BioNTech. Systemic reactions were observed at a rate of 31.0% after the first CoronaVac dose, 31.1% after the second CoronaVac dose, 46.4% after the first BioNTech dose, and 46.2% after the second BioNTech dose. Local injection site reactions were detected at a rate of 35.6% after the first CoronaVac dose, 35.7% after the second CoronaVac dose, 86.9% after the first BioNTech dose, and 94.1% after the second BioNTech dose. A total of 133 non-local cutaneous reactions were identified after the CoronaVac vaccine (2.9% after the first dose and 3.5% after the second dose), with the most common being urticaria/angioedema, pityriasis rosea, herpes zoster, and maculopapular rash. After BioNTech, 39 non-local cutaneous reactions were observed to have developed (24.8% after the first dose and 5% after the second dose), and the most common were herpes zoster, delayed large local reaction, pityriasis rosea, and urticaria/angioedema in order of frequency. Existing autoimmune diseases were triggered in 2.1% of the patients vaccinated with CoronaVac and 8.2% of those vaccinated with BioNTech. CONCLUSIONS: There are no comprehensive data on cutaneous adverse reactions specific to the CoronaVac vaccine. We determined the frequency of adverse reactions from the dermatologist's point of view after CoronaVac and BioNTech vaccination and identified a wide spectrum of non-local cutaneous reactions. Our data show that CoronaVac is associated with less harmful reactions while BioNTech may result in more serious reactions, such as herpes zoster, anaphylaxis, and triggering of autoimmunity. However, most of these reactions were self-limiting or required little therapeutic intervention.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psoriasis patients, and their immunosuppressive treatment: a cross-sectional multicenter study from Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive therapy has been a great concern during the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the pandemic's impact on psoriasis patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multicenter study was conducted in 14 tertiary dermatology centers. Demographic data, treatment status, disease course, and cases of COVID-19 were evaluated in patients with psoriasis using the immunosuppressive treatment. RESULTS: Of 1827 patients included, the drug adherence rate was 68.2%. Those receiving anti-interleukin (anti-IL) drugs were more likely to continue treatment than patients receiving conventional drugs (OR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.181-1.895, p = .001). Disease worsening rate was 24.2% and drug dose reduction increased this rate 3.26 and drug withdrawal 8.71 times. Receiving anti-TNF or anti-IL drugs was associated with less disease worsening compared to conventional drugs (p = .038, p = .032; respectively). Drug withdrawal causes were 'unable to come' (39.6%), 'COVID concern' (25.3%), and 'physician's and patient's co-decision' (17.4%). Four patients had COVID-19 infection with mild symptoms. The incidence was 0.0022% while it was 0.0025% in the general population. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that psoriasis patients using systemic immunosuppressive do not have a higher, but even lower COVID-19 risk than the general population, and treatment compliance with biological drugs is higher.

Is headache in Behçet's disease related to silent neurologic involvement?

OBJECTIVES: Headache is an interesting issue in Behçet's disease (BD). This study aimed to investigate if headache or a special type of headache was correlated with silent neurologic involvement in BD patients without any neurologic sign. METHODS: The study was performed on 120 BD patients (30 without headache, 30 with non-structural headache of BD and 30 with migraine headache, 30 with tension type headache) and 30 healthy control subjects. Some neurophysiologic tests of brain stem; temporalis muscle exteroceptive suppression periods (ESP) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were performed in the patients, when they were not in an attack period of the disease, and control subjects to investigate the presence of silent neurologic involvement and the relation between headache and silent neurologic involvement. RESULTS: Some electrophysiological abnormalities, as right BAEP 1-5 interpeak latency prolongation (p=0.01) and left ESP2 duration shortening (p<0.005), were seen in BD patients compared to healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the patients with non-structural headache of BD were found to have shorter ESP1 and 2 durations (p<0.001) and longer ESP1 latencies (p<0.05), with respect to the other patient subgroups with different types of headache and healthy control group, showing brain stem pathology. Additionally, they had longer right BAEP 3-5 interpeak latency as compared to the patient subgroup without headache (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a silent neurologic involvement in BD and this involvement may be in relation with a particular type of vascular headache, named as non-structural headache of BD. So, in clinical evaluation of BD patients, this type of headache may be considered as a warning message for neurological involvement.