Retraction Note: DNA methylome profiling at single-base resolution through bisulfite sequencing of 5mC-immunoprecipitated DNA.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Lingual Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in Pediatric and Adult Populations.

Lingual thyroglossal duct cysts (LTDCs) are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. The authors described the presentation, management, and outcome of LTDC in pediatric and adult cases through a retrospective observational analysis between 2008 and 2018. Data included patients' demographics, main complaint, preoperative investigations, surgical management, and recurrences. Seventeen patients were included: 8 pediatric and 9 adult patients. The most common presenting symptom was foreign body sensation (35.3%). In all, 50% (4/8) of the children had respiratory problems, while the most common symptom in adults was difficulty swallowing (8/9). Five patients were of recurrent LTDC; 3 referred patients were suspected of having recurrent epiglottic cysts. The total misdiagnosis rate was 35.3% (6/17): 14.3% (1/7) in children and 55.6% (5/9) in adults. Fiber optic laryngoscopic examination revealed that LTDCs mostly occurred at the base of the tongue (53.3%) and vallecula epiglottica (33.3%). Ultrasound examination revealed low to anechoic masses on the root of the tongue; 50% were regular in shape and 50% were irregular. All pediatric patients had regular masses (100%), but most adults had irregular masses (85.7%). In total, 76.5% of the patients underwent the Sistrunk procedure, and 23.5% underwent marsupialization alone. The mean follow-up length was 37.5 ±â€Š32.8 months. All patients were well at follow-up. In conclusion, direct laryngoscopy and ultrasound examination are essential for diagnosis as LTDCs can be confused with vallecular cysts. Surgical treatment such as marsupialization or the Sistrunk operation must be performed thoroughly.

DNA methylome profiling at single-base resolution through bisulfite sequencing of 5mC-immunoprecipitated DNA.

BACKGROUND: Detection of DNA methylome at single-base resolution is a significant challenge but promises to shed considerable light on human disease etiology. Current technologies could not detect DNA methylation genome-wide at single-base resolution with small amount of sequencing data and could not avoid detecting the methylation of repetitive elements which are considered as "junk DNA". METHODS: In this study, we have developed a novel DNA methylome profiling technology named MB-seq with its ability to identify genome-wide 5mC and quantify DNA methylation levels by introduced an assistant adapter AluI-linker This linker can be ligated to sonicated DNA and then be digested after the bisulfite treatment and amplification, which has no effect of MeDIP enrichment. Because many researchers are interested in investigating the methylation of functional regions such as promoters and gene bodies, we have also developed a novel alternative method named MRB-seq, which can be used to investigate the DNA methylation of functional regions by removing the repeats with Cot-1 DNA. RESULTS: In this study, we have developed MB-seq, a novel DNA methylome profiling technology combining MeDIP-seq with bisulfite conversion, which can precisely detect the 5mC sites and determine their DNA methylation level at single-base resolution in a cost-effective way. In addition, we have developed a new alternative method, MRB-seq (MeDIP-repetitive elements removal-bisulfite sequencing), which interrogates 5mCs in functional regions by depleting nearly half of repeat fragments enriched by MeDIP. Comparing MB-seq and MRB-seq to whole-genome BS-seq using the same batch of DNA from YH peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that the sequencing data of MB-seq and MRB-seq almost reaches saturation after generating 7-8 Gbp data, whereas BS-seq requires about 100 Gbp data to achieve the same effect. In comparison to MeDIP-seq and BS-seq, MB-seq offers several key advantages, including single-base resolution, discriminating the methylated sites within a CpG and non-CpG pattern and overcoming the false positive of MeDIP-seq due to the non-specific binding of 5-methylcytidine antibody to genomic fragments. CONCLUSION: Our novel developed method MB-seq can accelerate the decoding process of DNA methylation mechanism in human diseases because it requires 7-8 Gbp data to measure human methylome with enough coverage and sequencing depth, affording it a direct and practical application in the study of multiple samples. In addition, we have also provided a novel alternative MRB-seq method, which removes most repetitive sequences and allows researchers to genome-wide characterize DNA methylation of functional regions.

The expression and functional role of a FOXC1 related mRNA-lncRNA pair in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The Fork head box C1 (FOXC1) gene is overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors and is functionally correlated with tumor progression. However, its' role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unclear. Recent studies have revealed that many long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) cooperate with adjacent coding genes and form a functional "lncRNA-mRNA pair". In this study, we report a new lncRNA FOXC1 upstream transcript (FOXCUT) that was remarkably overexpressed in 23 OSCC patients, as was the adjacent FOXC1 gene. The expressions of FOXC1 and FOXCUT were positively correlated. When the expression of FOXCUT was down-regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of FOXC1 was also decreased. Moreover, in OSCC cells Tca8113 and SCC-9, down-regulation of either FOXC1 or FOXCUT by siRNA could inhibit cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro and was accompanied with a reduction of MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and VEGF-A. In conclusion, FOXC1 may be co-amplified with FOXCUT in OSCC, and both of them may be functionally involved in the tumor progression of OSCC. This provides evidence that both FOXC1 and FOXCUT may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC patients who overexpress this "lncRNA-mRNA pair".

[Application of absorbable plate in oral maxillofacial fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological features and clinical efficacies of absorbable plates and screws for rigid internal fixation. METHODS: From June 2006 to June 2010, 201 FIXSORB(TM)-MX absorbable plates were used in 57 patients, including 41 males and 16 females aged from 11 - 81 years. And 185 plates were used in 53 patients of maxillofacial fracture and 16 plates in 4 undergoing orthognathic operations with rigid internal fixation. RESULTS: All wounds healed primarily and there were no major complications. Forty-five cases were followed up for an average period of 12 months (range: 3 - 36). No obvious adverse effect and absorbable implants rejection were observed. The fracture lines were in the right position in 56 cases. CONCLUSION: As a kind of fine material for internal fixation with strong elasticity and strength, absorbable plate shall be widely used clinically.

[Comparative study of clinical efficacy between surgery by intraoperative MRI navigation versus traditional surgical resection for malignancy of parapharyngeal space].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy between mobile intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) navigation with a high field strength and routine surgical resection for malignancy of parapharyngeal space. METHODS: The surgical efficacy indexes of patients at our hospital during the time range from February 2010 to February 2011 were compared between two groups consisting of 29 or 42 individuals undergoing surgery with the assistance of the technique of iMRI navigation with a high field strength 1.5T or routine operation. RESULTS: No difference existed between two groups in terms of age, gender, maximal diameter of tumors, tumor stages, surgical approach or pathologic diagnosis (P > 0.05). The operative duration of the group by iMRI navigation was more than the group of routine operation ((3.1 ± 0.6) h vs (2.7 ± 0.7) h, P < 0.05). And the hemorrhagic loss ((185 ± 20) ml vs (230 ± 22) ml), the volume of drainage in 72 hours, the positive rate of initial surgical margins, the postoperative hospital stay ((9.1 ± 2.1) d vs (10.3 ± 2.3) d) and the complication incidence rate (3.4% vs 9.5%) were less (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The operation by the iMRI navigation offers a much better clinical efficacy than the traditional surgery in the resection of malignancy of parapharyngeal space.

[Operation plus brachytherapy of iodine 125 seeds implantation for salivary gland malignant tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brachytherapy plus operation for salivary gland malignant tumors. METHODS: From June 2006 to June 2011, a total of 105 patients with salivary gland malignant tumors undergone brachytherapy by implantation of iodine 125 seeds. The effectiveness was evaluated by periodical radiological film and computed tomography. The complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Among them, 92 patients were observed for 12 - 60 months. The rates of clinical response rate (CRPR) and no change (NC) were 91.3% (84/92) and 8.7% (8/92) respectively of the patients. Pain, mucosa ulcer, skin darkness and radiation osteomyelitis were common complications. CONCLUSION: The combined regimen of operation and brachytherapy of iodine 125 seed implantation for salivary gland malignant tumors is quite effective and convenient. And it has fewer complications.

Corrigendum to "miR-195-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting TRIM14".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/7378148.].

[The finite element study on zygomatic injury by impact in child].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish the constructive of craniofacial suture in the three-dimensional finite element model of craniofacial complex in child, to analyse the response procedure of the zygomatic impact, to explore the biomechanics characteristic of the children craniofacial trauma. METHODS: A 7-year-old female was adopted for study The complex cranial geometry was measured from a series of two-dimensional CT images. The multi-lay spiral CT scans were transformed with a self-developed preprocessor into a finite element mesh. The craniofacial sutures were constructed through the MSC Patran program. Identical impact and boundary conditions were used for the zygomatic impact simulations. RESULTS: It has been shown that the finite element model (FEM) exhibited fine morphological and mechanical comparability. The higher stress was showed in the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular in 3d FEM. The maximum von Mises stress was found at the zygomatic regions and atlas occipital articular. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of shear stress and tension stress in the suture and articular would increase the risk of injury in this area. But the conduction of the stress might be weakening in the suture of child skull.

miR-195-5p Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting TRIM14.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in tumor biological processes through interacting with specific gene targets. The involvement of miR-195-5p in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration has been demonstrated in several cancer cell lines, while its function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we find that miR-195-5p expression is lower in OSCC than in nontumor tissues, while its overexpression in cell lines can lead to the promotion of apoptosis and the reduction of cell growth, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we identify the tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM14) as a target of miR-195-5p. Therefore, we reason that the tumor suppressor role of miR-195-5p in OSCC is dependent on the interaction with TRIM14.

Knocking-down of CREPT prohibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma and suppresses cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression.

BACKGROUND: As a regulator essential for many cell cycle-related proteins, the robust expression of Cell cycle-Related and Expression-elevated Protein in Tumor (CREPT) implicates a poor diagnosis of endoderm and mesoderm-derived tumors. Whether CREPT plays the same role in the tumorigenesis derived from ectodermal tissues remains elusive. METHODS: To explore the role of CREPT in ectoderm-derived tumors, cells from 7oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lines and 84clinical OSCC samples were exploited in this study. Quantitative PCR, Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were applied in the evaluation of CREPT, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression. Knocking-down of CREPT was performed by lentivirus delivering specific shRNA of CREPT. The effects of CREPT on OSCC were examined by cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, cell migration and xenograft implantation experiments. RESULTS: Compared with human normal oral keratinocytes, OSCC cell lines showed a significantly elevated expression of CREPT in both mRNA and protein levels. Consistently, samples from OSCC patients also exhibited a noticeably stronger CREPT expression than the noncancerous samples. In contrast, knocking down of CREPT in OSCC cell lines significantly reduced proliferation, colony formation and migration as well as the expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, but promoted apoptosis. Statistical analysis also suggested that CREPT expression was significantly correlated with the T and N classification of OSCC. Furthermore, CAL27 mouse xenograft model confirmed that down-regulation of CREPT prohibited cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression, through which decreased the in vivo tumor growth, but increased the survival ratio of hosts. CONCLUSION: In OSCC cell lines, up-regulated CREPT expression enhanced cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle as well as promoted cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression as it did in endoderm and mesoderm-origin tumors. Our study strongly suggests that CREPT could be used as a marker for the OSCC prognosis and might work as a potential target in future OSCC therapy.

Reconstruction of caprine mandibular segmental defect by tissue engineered bone reinforced by titanium reticulum.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using natural poritos as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE) and repair of caprine mandibular segmental defect with titanium reticulum reinforced. METHODS: Natural poritos with a pore of 190-230 microm in size and porosity of about 50percent-65percent was molded into the shape of granules 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm in size. Expanded autologous caprine marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced by recombinant human morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) to improve osteoblastic phenotype. Then marrow derived osteoblasts were seeded into poritos in density of 4 x 10(7)/ml and incubated in vitro for 48 hours prior to implantation. Then osteoblastic cells/poritos complexes were implanted into mandibular defect and the defect was reinforced by titanium reticulum. Implantation of poritos alone acted as the control. Bone regeneration was assessed 4, 8, 16 weeks after implantation using roentgenographic analysis and histological observation was done after 16 weeks. RESULTS: New bone could be observed histologically on the surface and in the pores of natural coral in all specimens in the cell-seeding group, whereas in the control group there was no evidence of osteogenesis process in the center of the construction. The results showed that new bone grafts were successfully restored 16 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the feasibility of using porous coral as scaffold material transplanted with marrow derived osteoblasts by TE method. By means of titanium reticulum reinforcement, mandibular defect could be successfully restored. It shows the potentiality of using this method for the reconstruction of bone defect in clinic.

Expression and function of TNF-family proteins and receptors in human osteoblasts.

We studied how tumor necrosis-factor (TNF)-family proteins interact with osteoblasts to resolve several controversial points. We measured expression of TNFs, TNF-receptors, and nonsignaling (decoy) TNF receptors in human osteoblasts derived from mesenchymal stem cells and in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells using unamplified mRNA screening, with secondary Western or PCR analysis where indicated, and studied the effects of TNFs on osteoblasts in cell culture. Expression of TNFs and receptors was similar in MG63 cells and osteoblasts. TNF-R1 (p55), TRAIL receptor 1 and 2 (DR4 and 5), and Fas were expressed; RANK was undetectable. TNF-family ligands RANKL, TRAIL, and TNFalpha were expressed, but mRNAs were typically at low levels relative to receptors, suggesting that osteoblastic TNF signals, including RANKL, require specific stimuli. Flow cytometry of MG63 cells confirmed TNFalpha receptors and identified subpopulations with high surface-bound TNFalpha. Decoy receptors expressed included a novel soluble form of TNFRSF25 (formerly DR3 or Apo3), implicated in rheumatoid-arthritis linkage studies, as well as osteoprotegerin, a well-characterized osteoblast protein that binds TRAIL and RANKL, and DcR2, which binds TRAIL. Osteoblast apoptosis was studied using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labeling and annexin V binding. MG63 cells were resistant to apoptosis by exogenous TNFalpha except when grown in media promoting osteoblast-like growth or matrix nodules. However, in media supporting osteoblast-like phenotype, apoptosis was induced by anti-Fas or TNF, in contrast to other studies with human osteoblasts. TRAIL caused cell retraction, supporting functional TRAIL response in cell differentiation, but did not cause apoptosis. We conclude that human osteoblasts have functional receptors for FasL, TNFalpha, TRAIL, but not RANKL, and that osteoblasts are protected by multiple nonsignaling TNF receptors against destruction by TNF-family proteins under conditions favoring cell growth.

Implantation of radioactive particles into the cranial base and orbital apex with the use of a magnetic resonance imaging-based surgical navigation system.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was try to find a new way with high precision to implant (125)I-radioactive particles for safe and effective control of tumors that have invaded into the cranial base and orbital regions. STUDY DESIGN: Eight patients with invasive adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cranial base and orbital apex and a history of multiple surgeries were selected. A preoperative magnetic resonance scan was performed and the Brainlab surgical navigation system was used to aid the surgery. RESULTS: The radioactive particles were distributed evenly within the tissue and accurately positioned. No intracranial injury or visual impairment occurred, and the treatment was effective. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of radioactive particles with the use of magnetic resonance imaging guidance is an effective and safe method for treating invasive malignancies of the skull base and orbital apex, and it should be considered for conditional use.

[Experimental study on co-culture of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells and ganglia].

OBJECTIVE: To construct the co-culture models of salivarya denoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of chickens and investigate the promotive effects of SACC on neural tissue. METHODS: Glass-base culture dish was adopted to construct co-culture model of SACC-83 cells and DRG. SACC-83 cells were seeded in the medium pore with DRG around them. Outgrowth of neuronal processes was observed. Then DRG was cultured in the conditioned medium of SACC-83, with the groups of conditioned medium of MC3T3-E1 and HGF, the group of cell lysis buffer, the groups of serum-free medium and serum-plus medium as the controls. Outgrowth of neuronal processes was also recorded and compared with control groups. RESULTS: In the co-culture model of tumor and neuronal tissue, SACC-83 cells produced a suitable microenvironment in which neuronal processes remarkably grow. Neuronal processes of most DRG displayed growth tendency toward SACC. The group of conditioned medium from SACC-83 manifested obvious promotive effects on DRG. CONCLUSIONS: Co-culture model of tumor and neuronal tissue was successfully constructed, with which the promotive effects of tumor on outgrowth of neuronal processes could be observed. So hypothesized that SACC could secrete some neurotrophic factors to guide peripheral nerves gemmating and to trigger the cascade of the neural invasion in succession.

[The preliminary study of the use of MRI navigation in identifying the safe surgical margin of the maxillofacial malignancy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of MRI navigation in identifing the safe surgical margin of the maxillofacial malignancy. METHODS: The pathology results of the surgical margin identified by the technique of MRI navigation form 20 patients with maxillofacial malignancy were compared with those of 45 patients with maxillofacial malignancy who underwent the routine operation without MRI navigation. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups of patients in age, sex, size of tumor, tumor stages, pathologic diagnosis (P > 0.05). The negative rate of the surgical margin of the lesions treated by surgery with the technique of MRI navigation was significantly lower than that of the lesions treated without MRI navigation (P = 0.007) and highly correspondent with the pathology results. CONCLUSIONS: MRI navigation was helpful in identifying the safe surgical margin of the maxillofacial malignancy.

[Shielding property of different prosthetic materials to shield radiation of (125)I seed].

OBJECTIVE: To investigation the shielding property to (125)I of several different prosthetic materials used in clinical when prostheses are used as carriers of (125)I seed in tumor treatment. METHODS: (125)I seeds were taken as the radiation sources to establish a model in vitro and the radiation doses were measured by thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD). The shielding property of titanium plate, cochrome plate, and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) plate were detected, calculated and compared with that of plumbum plate in the control group. RESULTS: The radiation doses of the radiation source at 10 mm distance through the following materials were measured, and the results are 2.805 mGy (0.09 mm thick titanium plate), 1.082 mGy (0.48 thick titanium plate), 0.390 mGy (0.41 mm thick cochrome plate), and 0.261 mGy (0.67 mm's cochrome plate), and 2.885 mGy (1.685 mm thick PMMA plate). CONCLUSIONS: The shield property of cochrome is optimal. The poly methyl methacrylate behaves to some extend as a shield to the (125)I seed which can shield the radiation as the effects of plumbum when adopted together with the 0.557 mm's (or more) titanium plate.

[Changes in cerebral blood flow during mastication in patients receiving prosthesis insertion for repairing maxillary defect].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with maxillary defect treated with prosthesis insertion. METHODS: Thirty patients with maxillary defect receiving obturator prosthesis insertion were enrolled with another 30 subjects without dentition defect as the control. The cerebral blood flow rate was recorded before and at 5 and 10 min during mastication, and the results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in Vs, Vd or Vm between the two groups at the time points for measurement. CONCLUSION: The blood supply by the middle cerebral artery is similar between the patients receiving obturator prosthesis insertion for maxillary defect and the subjects with full denture.

Myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland with bilateral thyroid involvement: A case report and review of the literature.

A patient was admitted to hospital with enlarged lobes of the thyroid gland with bilateral cervical lymph node involvement, and surgical excision followed. Histological examination of this specimen revealed a lesion that showed myoepithelial cell differentiation. Primary thyroid and skin appendage tumors were excluded based on clinical examination, conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. A tumor of the right parotid surgically treated in June 2008, approximately 2 years previously, was originally classified as a basal cell adenocarcinoma with focal invasion, but was re-examined. Using immunohistochemistry, the parotid tumor was re-classified as a myoepithelial carcinoma. The thyroid tumor proved to be metastasis from a primary parotid tumor, which was not found in the updated review of the literature. The literature is reviewed, including current knowledge on the histological and immunohistochemical features of myoepithelial carcinoma, with limited data on treatment suggestions.