RESUMO
AIM: A rat model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion was conducted and the serum cytokine levels and histopathological changes were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into four experimental groups. Group-A (the sham operated rats) and group-B (the spinal ischemia/reperfusion group) were sacrificed at 24 hours postoperatively while group-C (the sham operated rats) and group-D (the spinal ischemia/reperfusion group) were sacrificed at 48 hours. Histopathological changes in the spinal cords and serum cytokine levels were analysed. RESULTS: All three proinflammatory cytokine levels reached significantly higher levels compared to the sham operated groups in both the 24-hour and 48-hour spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is a plausible pathway in spinal cord ishemia/reperfusion injury. However clinical treatment of the damage does not currently include antiinflammatory therapy. The results of our study supported the hypothesis that inflammatory responses could play a possible role in the ischemia/reperfusion injury of the spinal cord. Characterization of the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury to the spinal cord is important to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches for prevention and/or treatment of this severe condition.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/imunologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Doenças da Medula Espinal/imunologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although numerous factors have been described that predict outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), very little is know about the role of hemorrhagic dilation of the third ventricle in development of hydrocephalus and prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the presence of hemorrhagic third ventricle dilation after ICH would predict development of hydrocephalus and outcome. METHODS: We identified the patients with spontaneous ICH treated with external ventricular drainage (EVD) in this retrospective study. Computerized tomography (CT) was performed at admission within 24 hours of onset and retrospectively analysed to determine lesion size and location, status of third and fourth ventricle and frontal horn index (FHI). Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), etiology and demographic data were obtained from medical records. Outcome was determined using modified Rankin score at month 3. Patients with and without third ventricle dilation were compared in terms of hydrocephalus (FHI > 0.38), initial GCS score, age and MAP, and analyses were performed to determine whether third ventricle dilation was a predictor of poor outcome. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients studied, all had thalamic or basal ganglia hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and all are treated with external ventricular drainage (EVD). Of the 22 patients, 12 had third ventricle dilation (width > or = 10 mm) and ten patients had non-dilated third ventricle (width < 10 mm). Patients with third ventricle dilation had lower GCS scores (7.4 +/- 1.8 versus 9.7 +/- 2.1, p < 0.005) and had higher FHI (0.46 +/- 0.06 versus 0.38 +/- 0.02, p < 0.005) as compared to patients with non-dilated third ventricle. The differences in age (59.5 +/- 9.4 versus 59.2 +/- 11.2) and MAP (128.3 +/- 16.0 versus 130.5 +/- 13.6) of the patients were not significant statistically. Sixty-six percent of patients (8/12) with third ventricle dilation and 60% of patients (6/10) with normal third ventricle were dead 6 months post-operation and mortality rate did not differ significantly. DISCUSSION: Although the roles of various factors are well described in the prognosis of spontaneous ICH, little is known about the role of third ventricle dilation. Based on our results, we concluded that third ventricle dilation is a poor prognostic factor.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Cerebral/mortalidade , Hemorragia Cerebral/patologia , Hidrocefalia/mortalidade , Hidrocefalia/patologia , Terceiro Ventrículo/patologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico por imagem , Gânglios da Base/patologia , Gânglios da Base/fisiopatologia , Comorbidade , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Escala de Resultado de Glasgow , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/patologia , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Terceiro Ventrículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Terceiro Ventrículo/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , TurquiaRESUMO
Cyclopentolate is a synthetic anti-cholinergic agent widely used in ophthalmology clinics. It can cause cardiovascular side-effects such as hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias and tachycardias. A 55-year-old male lost his consciousness after topical cyclopentolate hydrocloride (1%) administration for routine fundoscopic examination in another center. An urgent cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed a midbrain hemorrhage and he was transferred to our hospital. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was at 4 points at admission. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated. Despite vigorous medical treatment, spontaneous respiration and brainstem reflexes disappeared 12 h after his administration. A control cranial computerized tomography showed enlargement and opening of the hemorrhage into the ventricular system. The patient died on the 12th day of his administration. Systemic side-effects of topical ocular cyclopentolate administration and prevention methods were discussed with regard to the current literature.
Assuntos
Ciclopentolato/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/patologia , Mesencéfalo/patologia , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/radioterapia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Mesencéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
A 60-year-old female was admitted to our clinic complaining of a long-lasting headache. Cranial magnetic resonance imagining examination of the patient revealed a 22x24 mm extra-axial, well-demarcated, mass lesion based on the left tentorium. The patient underwent a craniotomy and the tumor was totally excised with the adjacent tentorium. The histopathological examination of the tumor complied with the diagnosis of schwannoma. The rest of the clinical course was uneventful and the patient was released from the hospital without any neurological deficit. Intracranial schwannomas can rarely originate from atypical dural locations and radiological techniques are not always helpful in distinguishing tentorial schwannoma from tentorial meningioma. We presented a patient with a tentorium schwannoma mimicking meningioma and discussed the current literature.
Assuntos
Dura-Máter/patologia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Neurilemoma/patologia , Craniotomia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dura-Máter/diagnóstico por imagem , Dura-Máter/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Meningioma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , RadiografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Atlantoaxial instability may result from various pathologic conditions and operative treatment may be required to correct the deformity, provide stability and prevent neurological deficits. We presented our clinic's experience using C1-C2 fusion with polyaxial screw and rod fixation for C1 and C2 instability for various reasons. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Four patients with atlantoaxial instability were operated using polyaxial C1 lateral mass and C2 lateral mass or pedicle screws. The mean age of the patients was 44+/-14,07 years. RESULTS: Satisfactory screw placement was achieved in all patients. There were no vertebral artery injuries, C2 nerve root injuries or spinal cord injuries. No per-operative or early postoperative instrumentation failure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: C1 lateral mass/C2 pedicle polyaxial screw fixation is a safe technique and can be used to achieve rigid and immediate atlantoaxial stabilization.
Assuntos
Articulação Atlantoaxial/cirurgia , Parafusos Ósseos , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Fusão Vertebral/instrumentação , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Adulto , Articulação Atlantoaxial/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebra Cervical Áxis/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebra Cervical Áxis/cirurgia , Pinos Ortopédicos , Atlas Cervical/diagnóstico por imagem , Atlas Cervical/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Radiological imaging techniques provide early detection of neurological diseases but they do not always provide an adequate and reliable diagnosis. With the help of stereotactic biopsy techniques, it is possible to access brain lesions safely and with high precision. We described the surgical method used in our clinic and discussed our results with the help of the current literature. METHODS: Ninety-four patients underwent computerized tomography-guided stereotactic brain biopsy in our clinic. Anatomical locations, diagnostic yield and accuracy of the procedure, morbidity and mortality rates were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 100 stereotactic surgery procedures were performed on 94 patients. The localizations of the lesions were 13.83% frontal, 21.27% temporal, 27.66% parietal, 4.25% occipital, 4.25% multiple, 27.66% deep seated and 1.06% suprasellar. The histopathological diagnoses were 61.71% neuro-epithelial tumors, 8.51% metastases and 10.64% infectious lesions. Diagnostic yield was 86.16% and the accuracy was 90% in our series. CONCLUSION: Computerized tomography-guided stereotactic brain biopsy is a reliable and safe method. Main diagnostic problems in SBB are tissue heterogeneity, insufficient material and sampling error. These problems can be minimized by careful correlation of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings by an experienced team and by using modern technologies.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Astrocitoma/patologia , Biópsia/normas , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalite/patologia , Feminino , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Oligodendroglioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Oligodendroglioma/patologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Técnicas EstereotáxicasRESUMO
Ependymomas presenting with intratumoural and/or subarachnoid haemorrhages are seen rarely. These haemorrhages are mostly due to anticoagulation, epidural analgesia or pregnancy. A 62-year-old male farmer with cauda equina syndrome after a work-related trauma is presented. He was admitted to our hospital with paraparesis, faecal incontinence and sensory loss below the level of the lumbar-2 dermatome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine displayed an intradural mass lesion at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae. The lesion was excised totally via dorsal midline approach. Histopathologic examination revealed grade-3 ependymoma with intratumoural haemorrhage. The patient's symptoms were relieved completely on postoperative day 7. The patient was given information about periodical examination for recurrence and discharged on the third postoperative week. Asymptomatic spinal lesions should be considered for operation whenever detected because of unpredicted complications.
Assuntos
Ependimoma/complicações , Ependimoma/patologia , Hemorragia/etiologia , Hemorragia/patologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/complicações , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Lesões nas Costas/complicações , Cauda Equina/patologia , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Ependimoma/cirurgia , Hemorragia/cirurgia , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Polirradiculopatia/etiologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Raízes Nervosas Espinhais/lesões , Raízes Nervosas Espinhais/fisiopatologia , Espaço Subaracnóideo/patologia , Espaço Subaracnóideo/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating illness with highmortality and morbidity. Multiple simultaneous intracerebral haemorrhages (MSIHs) in different arterial territories occur rarely. This multiplicity complicates management and increases the mortality rate. A 67-year-old right-handed man with a long history of hypertension was admitted to our hospital with acute loss of consciousness. After the diagnosis of MSIH he was medically treated in the intensive care unit and died 2 days after initial admission. Diagnosis and management of MSIH are discussed with refence to the current literature.
Assuntos
Cerebelo/patologia , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva , Tálamo/patologia , Idoso , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva/patologia , Hemorragia Intracraniana Hipertensiva/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Conservative treatment of lumbar radiculopathy includes bed rest, oral medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, mobilization, and epidural steroid injections. Intracranial subdural hematoma after accidental dural puncture is a rare and life-threatening complication of epidural steroid injections. In this report, we present a case of subacute intracranial subdural hematoma that developed after epidural steroid injection. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 40-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with severe persistent headache and vomiting for 2 days after epidural steroid injection for right leg pain. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The patient was hospitalized for epidural steroid injection for right leg pain in our pain clinic and was discharged the same day. Twenty-four hours later, he started having a headache. Despite the use of oral analgesics, his headache worsened, and he began to vomit particularly in the upright position. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain displayed a right frontal subdural hematoma. The headache was relieved after strict bed rest, intravenous hydration, and analgesics. The patient was discharged with full recovery after 1 week. CONCLUSION: Intracranial subdural hematoma after accidental dural puncture during epidural steroid injection is a rare complication. Persistent headache should be evaluated carefully for possible intracranial hematomas.
Assuntos
Hematoma Subdural Intracraniano/etiologia , Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Cefaleia/etiologia , Hematoma Subdural Intracraniano/diagnóstico , Hematoma Subdural Intracraniano/terapia , Humanos , Injeções Epidurais/efeitos adversos , Perna (Membro) , Vértebras Lombares , Masculino , Dor/complicações , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) accounts for 1% of all SNHL cases. It has been reported that acoustic neuroma may be present up to 47.5% of patients with sudden SNHL. A 55-year-old man presented with sudden hearing loss in his left ear of 45-day history. Audiologic and transient evoked otoacoustic emission tests showed near-total hearing loss and absence of emissions in the left ear, respectively. Electronystagmography showed left canal paralysis and lack of response to the Kobrak test. The interpeak interval I-V latency and interaural amplitude differences in wave V latency were prolonged in auditory brainstem response. Computed tomography showed an increase in the diameter of the left internal acoustic canal, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intracanalicular mass, 3 mm in size, originating from the left cochlear nerve. Another mass (18x17 mm) was detected that filled the right pontocerebellar cistern, suggesting a meningioma, but this was not thought to exert an obvious shift effect contributing to the development of left-sided hearing loss. Despite treatment with a tapered course of fluocortolone for 18 days the patient's hearing level did not change. He was included in a follow-up with MRI at six-month intervals.
Assuntos
Neuroma Acústico/diagnóstico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fluocortolona/administração & dosagem , Fluocortolona/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/etiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroma Acústico/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroma Acústico/tratamento farmacológico , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is defined as the entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel of the ankle. The etiologies of tarsal tunnel syndrome are mainly the presence of a ganglion, osseous prominence with tarsal bone coalition, trauma, varicose veins, neurinoma, hypertrophy of the flexor retinaculum, or systemic disease (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis). However, no specific cause can be identified in some cases. Patients with chronic renal failure tend to develop peripheral nerve entrapment and carpal tunnel syndrome is the best-known peripheral entrapment neuropathy among them. Contrary to carpal tunnel syndrome, tarsal tunnel syndrome is observed less frequently in chronic renal failure patients. The common presenting symptoms of TTS are paresthesias and/or pain in the plantar side of the foot. Motor symptoms are rarely detected. Diagnosis is made primarily by electroneuromyographic studies and physical examination. Surgery is the treatment of choice and the outcome is generally favourable. In this report, we present a patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome complicating peritoneal dialysis.
Assuntos
Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso/etiologia , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso/cirurgia , Eletromiografia , Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Neurológico , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Parestesia/etiologia , Radiografia , Nervo Tibial/fisiologiaRESUMO
Hemangiomas are tumors of vascular origin comprising approximately 7% of all benign tumors. Intramuscular hemangioma is a rare condition and hemangiomas of the head and neck make up less than 15% of intramuscular hemangiomas. Temporalis muscle is an uncommon location for intramuscular hemangioma and seldom reported in the literature. Radiological methods are generally insufficient for the correct diagnosis and surgery is the treatment of choice to exclude malignancy and for adequate treatment of these lesions. A 37-year-old male was admitted with a slowly growing painless mass in his right temporal fossa. The lesion was surgically excised and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. Diagnosis and treatment modalities for temporalis muscle hemangiomas are discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemangioma Cavernoso/patologia , Músculo Temporal , Adulto , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Musculares/etiologia , Doenças Musculares/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the role of adhesion molecules in SAH-induced vasospasm is less clear. This study was designed to examine the effect of a highly specific antibody, monoclonal anti-E-selectin antibody, on cerebral vasospasm in a new murine SAH model. METHODS: Experimental SAH was induced in C57Black/6J mice by injecting autogenous blood into the cisterna magna, and anti-E-selectin antibody was administered intravenously immediately after SAH. All animals were killed by perfusion-fixation 24 hours after SAH. The diameters of anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) were measured after arteries were cast with gelatin and india ink. Peripheral white blood cell count was also investigated. RESULTS: The average diameters of ACA were reduced by 22% and 25% in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. After treatment with 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody in mice subject to SAH, the average diameter of ACA was decreased by 9%, 10%, and 22%, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. The protective effects of anti-E-selectin antibody achieved statistical significance at doses of 12.5 and 4 microg. Animals in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups exhibited leukopenia. Administration of 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody reduced leukopenia, and the total white blood cell count obtained in animals treated with 12.5- and 4-microg doses were significantly higher as compared with SAH animals. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide the first evidence that anti-E-selectin antibody was effective in prevention of SAH-induced vasospasm and imply a possible role of E selectin in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after SAH.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Selectina E/fisiologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/fisiopatologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/prevenção & controle , Animais , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/patologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Cerebral vasospasm remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The availability of a mouse model of SAH that is simple, replicable and has low mortality would provide a powerful approach for understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to post-SAH pathologies. The present study characterizes a mouse model of experimental SAH, which produces consistent constriction of large cerebral arteries. Adult mice received injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna, and the diameters of large intracranial vessels were measured 1 h to 7 days post-SAH. A diffuse blood clot was evident in both the anterior and posterior circulations after SAH. Vascular wall thickening, lumenal narrowing and corrugation of the internal elastic lamina were observed. Both acute (6-12 h) and delayed (1-3 days) phases of vasoconstriction occurred after SAH. Overall mortality was only 3%. A reproducible, low mortality model of SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm in mice is described. This mouse model should facilitate the delineation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of SAH-induced pathologies because of the widespread availability of various technologies for this species (e.g. genetically-altered animals and gene expression arrays). This model also represents a replicable and inexpensive approach for screening therapeutic candidates.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Animais , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/patologia , Artéria Basilar/patologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , Cisterna Magna , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Injeções , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Artéria Cerebral Média/patologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/patologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Fixação de Tecidos , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/patologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Cerebral vasospasm is a common, formidable, and potentially devastating complication in patients who have sustained subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite intensive research efforts, cerebral vasospasm remains incompletely understood from both the pathogenic and therapeutic perspectives. At present, no consistently efficacious and ubiquitously applied preventive and therapeutic measures are available in clinical practice. Recently, convincing data have implicated a role of inflammation in the development and maintenance of cerebral vasospasm. A burgeoning (although incomplete) body of evidence suggests that various constituents of the inflammatory response, including adhesion molecules, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, and complement, may be critical in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Recent studies attempting to dissect the cellular and molecular basis of the inflammatory response accompanying SAH and cerebral vasospasm have provided a promising groundwork for future studies. It is plausible that the inflammatory response may indeed represent a critical common pathway in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm pursuant to SAH. Investigations into the nature of the inflammatory response accompanying SAH are needed to elucidate the precise role(s) of inflammatory events in SAH-induced pathologies.
Assuntos
Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/imunologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/imunologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/imunologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Inflamação/terapia , Ratos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/terapia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Meningiomas account for approximately 15-20% of all brain tumors, and are the most common benign intracranial tumor. These neoplasms develop from cap cells in the arachnoidea; thus, they can be found anywhere that dura mater exists. Meningiomas are usually diagnosed in middle age, and are significantly more frequent in females than in males. Atypical and anaplastic malignant forms also exist. Some types of meningiomas are difficult to manage and require special considerations. The first-line therapy for meningioma is surgery aimed at total excision; however, limitations of surgery must be fully evaluated in order to achieve better results. Conventional radiotherapy and gamma-knife radiosurgery can be used as adjuvant therapeutic modalities under certain conditions. The issues that we consider important in the management of intracranial meningiomas can be discussed under the headings of diagnosis, surgery, multiplicity, pathology, and recurrence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Meningioma/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Meningioma/patologia , Meningioma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de NeoplasiaRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to describe a new minimally invasive surgical technique for decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Four patients underwent surgical treatment for cubital tunnel syndrome. Preoperative clinical states were classified by using the McGowan grading system and the postoperative states were recorded by using the Wilson and Krout grading system. Preoperative and last follow-up electromyographic results were also recorded. At the last follow-up, three patients were recorded as excellent and one patient was recorded as good according to Wilson and Krout grading system. One patient showed improvement in sensory nerve conduction velocity another showed improvement in motor nerve conduction velocity at the last follow-up. We conclude that simple decompression of the ulnar nerve at elbow via proximal and distal mini skin incisions is an effective, technically simple and safe surgical method in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Ulnar/cirurgia , Descompressão Cirúrgica/métodos , Cotovelo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Condução Nervosa , Resultado do Tratamento , Nervo Ulnar/cirurgiaRESUMO
Guyon's canal syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist. Compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist by a ganglion, lipomas, diseases of the ulnar artery, fractures of the hamate and trauma are common etiologcal factors. Unlike Guyon's canal syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment of the upper extremity. Although, open (OCTR) or endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) is highly effective in relieving pain, failure with carpal tunnel release is seldom seen. In this paper, we presented a patient with ulnar nerve entrapment associated with recurrent CTS and discussed the possible pathomechanism with a review of current literature.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/complicações , Síndromes de Compressão do Nervo Ulnar/etiologia , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Descompressão Cirúrgica , Endoscopia , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Nervo Mediano/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Nervo Ulnar/patologia , Síndromes de Compressão do Nervo Ulnar/cirurgia , Punho/patologiaRESUMO
The involvement of spinal column in cyst hydatid disease is rare and hard to treat. The gold standard treatment is total removal of the cysts without rupture. However, recurrence after surgery is almost inevitable and reoperations carries technical difficulties and higher morbidity. We present a 69-year-old woman with two cystic masses at the T12 level, which compress the spinal cord causing severe paresis in her left leg. Under local anestesia, the cysts were aspirated and irrigated with 20% hypertonic saline solution via bilateral T12 transpedicular route. We aimed to report that percutaneous CT guided treatment should be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in case of recurrent spinal cyst hydatid.