Effects of Reiki on Mental Health Care: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the benefits of Reiki in mental health care. Eleven studies were included. Although the number of studies is limited, the results contribute to the potential beneficial role of Reiki in mental health care. Persistent studies using Reiki with broad samples, consistent randomized controlled trials, and patterned protocols are recommended.

Family experiences in the identification of the first-episode psychosis in young patients.

The study aimed to understand the family experience in the identification of the first-episode psychosis in young family members. Qualitative research using symbolic interactionism and narrative. Data were collected through depth interview with 13 relatives of 11 young patients treated for the first-episode psychosis. The families showed behavior consistent with the meanings they gave to the disease process of the young relatives, represented by categories: "waiting move: trying to justify the behavior of the adolescent", "not understanding the psychosis", and "seeking help". This research fostered the understanding of how families decided to seek help in the healthcare system. The nursing interventions with these families could contribute to early detection and beginning of treatment.

[The current perspectives regarding the burden on mental health caregivers]. / Perspectivas atuais sobre a sobrecarga do cuidador em saúde mental.

A systematic literature review was performed regarding the burden on mental health caregivers. The studies were selected from the Virtual Health Library - Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), using the keyword caregiver burden. The main criteria for this study were: full-text articles published between 2000 and 2010, in Portuguese, English or Spanish; indexed on the BVS databases; which investigated the burden of mental health caregivers, and had caregivers as the main subject. The analysis was performed considering the following: title, year of publication, objectives, methodological approach, instruments and main results. The analysis of 114 full-text articles showed the predominant objectives were the burden on informal caregivers and the validation of psychometric scales, particularly the Zarit Scale. Some studies showed an association between high levels of burden, feelings of guilt and depressive symptoms. On the other hand, psycho-educational interventions were indicated as having a positive impact. This theme has a growing scientific interest and there is a need for deeper studies addressing formal caregivers.

[Mental health care today]. / O cuidado em saúde mental na atualidade.

The objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers to people who have been discharged from psychiatric hospitalization. A quantitative exploratory study was performed at an outpatient clinic of a mental health service. The sample consisted of patients who had been discharged and their caregivers. A questionnaire was used, and the study was approved by the local research ethics committee. Of the 48 discharged patients, 21 had a caregiver. All the identified caregivers were relatives of the patients, and their average age was 46.6 years. In 38% of cases, the patient's mother was the caregiver. In terms of marital status, 61.9% of the caregivers were married or living in common-law relationships, and only one caregiver did not have children. The main source of income for 28.6% of the participants was temporary keeping eventual jobs. By knowing who is the caregiver of a patient discharged from psychiatric hospitalization it is possible to identify the characteristics that may help to determine the best treatment and professional support for that population.

[Psychiatric hospitalization and maintaining the treatment outside the hospital]. / Internação psiquiátrica e a manutenção do tratamento extra-hospitalar.

The objective of this study was to identify common features between people that have been recently discharged from psychiatric hospitalization. A quantitative exploratory study was performed at an outpatient mental health service center. The sample was comprised by patients who had recently been discharged. A questionnaire was used and the study was approved by the Review Board. Interviews were performed with 48 patients who were in average 39 years old. Diagnosis for Schizophrenia and Schyzotypal Disorders were prevalent for 33.3% of the sample. An average 13 patients were discharged from psychiatric hospitalization every month, 62.5% of which had been previously hospitalized. In the studied period, 12.5% of the sample required rehospitalization. Psychiatric hospitalization proved to be a necessary resource in crisis episodes and as part of the psychiatric treatment, especially of severe mental disorders. It is evinced that there is a need for adequate treatment maintenance in community health care services to avoid the need of rehospitalizations.

[Schizophrenia: adherence to treatment and beliefs about the disorder and the drug treatment]. / Esquizofrenia: adesão ao tratamento e crenças sobre o transtorno e terapêutica medicamentosa.

This study verified the adherence of people with schizophrenia to the medication, identified and compared their beliefs about the disorder and the drug among patients who adhered and those who did not. Participants were 14 patients of a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Semi-structured interviews and the Morisky-Green test were performed. The data was analyzed using a quali-quantitative approach. Results showed that 64.3% of patients do not adhere to treatment. Most participants considered the drug capable of reducing the seriousness and severity of the disorder. However, the drawbacks for patients that did not adhere to the treatment were more expressive. Side effects were the cause for interrupting the treatment for 80% of patients who intentionally did not adhere to treatment. It was observed there is insufficient knowledge about schizophrenia and the drug treatment. Patients referred to faith as a strategy to cope with the process they were experiencing. This study points at the need for strategies directed towards the promotion of drug treatment adherence among people with schizophrenia.

Confirmatory factorial analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey in health professionals in emergency services.

OBJECTIVE: to confirm the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey version in a sample of health professionals from the emergency services. METHOD: a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and analytical study. Two hundred and eighty-two health professionals participated in the study. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The psychometric sensitivity for the MBI-HSS items was estimated by measures of central tendency, variability and the distribution shape. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index. As indexes for assessing the quality of fit of the model, the chi-square ratio by the degrees of freedom (χ2/DoF), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), the Tucker Lewis index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were considered. To test data fit, the maximum likelihood method was used. RESULTS: the three-factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was confirmed. Items 9, 12, 15 and 16 had a factorial weight below what was considered appropriate and were removed from the model. The second order hierarchical model with the aforementioned modifications presented an adequate adjustment to the data and can be considered the best and most parsimonious model tested according to the information theory indexes. The internal consistency of the instrument's factors was recalculated considering the exclusion of the items and the three factors were considered adequate. CONCLUSION: the results obtained show that the Maslach Burnout Inventory is a reliable and factorially valid instrument for measuring the burnout syndrome in emergency service professionals in Brazil.

[Mental patients and their profile of compliance with psychopharmacological treatment]. / Doentes mentais e seu perfil de adesão ao tratamento psicofarmacológico.

Non-compliance with drug-based treatment is a complex and universal phenomenon that develops gradually during psychiatric treatments, and is related to disease aggravation. The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of using a given medication in the clientele of a community mental healthcare service and its characteristics. We performed a retrospective study in the medical records of patients who used Haloperidol Decanoate in a period of 1 year and 8 months. 167 medical records were analyzed. 60% of the patients presented irregular use of medication, which reflects in high risks of relapse and re-hospitalizations. This profile configures low compliance with the prescribed drug treatment, leading to reflections about which factors influence this behavior and which measures could be implemented in the maintenance of extra-hospital treatment for these patients.

Caregiver burden and stress in psychiatric hospital admission.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the relation between sociodemographics factors, stress and burden of care of family caregivers of patients at a psychiatric hospital admission. METHOD: quantitative study, with a cross-sectional correlation design. A total of 112 family caregivers participated, older than 18, in a Brazilian psychiatric hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect data, the Zarit Burden Interview and LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory. RESULTS: burden of care in family caregivers at a psychiatric hospital admission was significantly associated with stress (p=0.000). The psychological symptoms of stress predicted severe burden. Most caregivers presented a moderate or severe burden, with 52.7% in the resistance phase of stress; 66.1% presented psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION: results show the alarming situation of caregivers of patients from a psychiatric hospital, evidencing their own vulnerability to illness. Indeed, the during admission in a psychiatric hospital, not only patients need care, but also their caregivers.

Twenty years of the brazilian psychiatric reform: meanings for psychiatric and mental health nursing / Veinte años da ley de reforma psiquiátrica en brasil: significados para la enfermería psiquiátrica y en salud mental / Vinte anos da lei da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira: significados para a enfermagem psiquiátrica e em saúde mental

ABSTRACT Objective to develop arguments supporting Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing as a baseline force of qualified and indispensable work in the evolution of mental health care and policies. Method argumentation of a reflective nature, considering the path of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing over the twenty years of the legal framework of the Psychiatric Reform, as well as the publications pertinent to discussion of the topic in vogue. Results two topics emerged, namely: From Psychiatric Nursing to Mental Health Nursing: a change of paradigm; and Mental Health Nursing: a new praxis. Conclusion Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing presents itself as a resilient and sustainable practice despite the crises caused by institutionalizing policies implemented at the governmental level. The profession, increasingly politicized and attentive to the relevant guidelines of the Unified Health System, struggles and reinvents itself in its way of caring, in line with the reform guidelines, not subjected to stigmatizing regressions or outside the community territory.

RESUMEN Objetivo desarrollar una argumentación que sustente a la Enfermería Psiquiátrica y en Salud Mental como una fuerza base de trabajo calificado e indispensable para la evolución de la atención y las políticas de salud mental. Método argumentación de carácter reflexivo, considerando el trayecto de la Enfermería Psiquiátrica y en Salud Mental a lo largo de los veinte años de vigencia del marco legal de la Reforma Psiquiátrica, al igual que las publicaciones pertinentes al debate del tema en boga. Resultados se presentaron dos temas: de la Enfermería Psiquiátrica a la Enfermería en Salud Mental: un cambio de paradigma; y Enfermería en Salud Mental: una nueva praxis. Conclusión la Enfermería Psiquiátrica y en Salud Mental se presenta como una práctica resiliente y sustentable con respecto a las crisis originadas por políticas institucionalizantes implementadas al nivel gubernamental. La profesión, cada vez más politizada y atenta a las pautas relevantes del Sistema Único de Salud, lucha y se reinventa en su forma de ofrecer atención, alineada con las directrices de la reforma y no sujeta a regresiones de carácter estigmatizante o fuera del territorio comunitario.

RESUMO Objetivo desenvolver argumentação sustentando a Enfermagem psiquiátrica e em saúde mental como força-base de trabalho qualificado e indispensável na evolução da assistência e políticas em saúde mental. Método argumentação de natureza reflexiva, considerando o percurso da Enfermagem psiquiátrica e em saúde mental ao longo dos vinte anos do marco legal da Reforma Psiquiátrica, bem como as publicações pertinentes à discussão do tema in voga. Resultados apresentam-se dois tópicos: da Enfermagem Psiquiátrica à Enfermagem em saúde mental: mudança de paradigma; e, Enfermagem em saúde mental: uma nova práxis. Conclusão a Enfermagem psiquiátrica e em saúde mental se apresenta como prática resiliente e sustentável a despeito das crises originadas por políticas institucionalizantes implementadas em nível governamental. A profissão, cada vez mais politizada e atenta às pautas relevantes do Sistema Único de Saúde, luta e se reinventa na sua forma de cuidar, alinhada às diretrizes da reforma, não estando sujeita a regressões de caráter estigmatizante ou fora do território comunitário.

Confirmatory factorial analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey in health professionals in emergency services / Análise fatorial confirmatória do Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey em profissionais de saúde dos serviços de emergência / Análisis factorial confirmatorio del Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey en profesionales de la salud de los servicios de emergencia

Objective: to confirm the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey version in a sample of health professionals from the emergency services. Method: a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and analytical study. Two hundred and eighty-two health professionals participated in the study. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The psychometric sensitivity for the MBI-HSS items was estimated by measures of central tendency, variability and the distribution shape. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index. As indexes for assessing the quality of fit of the model, the chi-square ratio by the degrees of freedom (χ2/DoF), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), the Tucker Lewis index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were considered. To test data fit, the maximum likelihood method was used. Results: the three-factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was confirmed. Items 9, 12, 15 and 16 had a factorial weight below what was considered appropriate and were removed from the model. The second order hierarchical model with the aforementioned modifications presented an adequate adjustment to the data and can be considered the best and most parsimonious model tested according to the information theory indexes. The internal consistency of the instrument's factors was recalculated considering the exclusion of the items and the three factors were considered adequate. Conclusion: the results obtained show that the Maslach Burnout Inventory is a reliable and factorially valid instrument for measuring the burnout syndrome in emergency service professionals in Brazil.

Objetivo: confirmar a validade fatorial do Maslach Bunout Inventory - versão Human Services Survey numa amostra de profissionais da saúde dos serviços de emergência. Método: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, exploratório, descritivo e analítico. Participaram do estudo 282 profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, um questionário sociodemográfico e o Maslach Burnout Inventory. A sensibilidade psicométrica dos itens do Maslach Bunout Inventory - versão Human Services Survey foi estimada pelas medidas de tendência central, variabilidade e forma da distribuição. A consistência interna foi estimada por meio do Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a adequação da amostra verificada por meio do índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Como índices para a avaliação da qualidade de ajustamento do modelo foram considerados a razão de qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ2 /gl), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), índice de Tucker Lewis (TLI) e root mean square error of aproximation (RMSEA). Para testar o ajustamento dos dados utilizou-se o método de máxima verossimilhança. Resultados: confirmou-se a estrutura trifatorial do Maslach Burnout Inventory. Os itens 9, 12, 15 e 16 apresentaram peso fatorial abaixo do considerado adequado e foram removidos do modelo. O modelo hierárquico de segunda ordem, com as modificações mencionadas, apresentou ajustamento adequado aos dados e pôde ser considerado o melhor e mais parcimonioso modelo testado de acordo com os índices da teoria da informação. A consistência interna dos fatores do instrumento foi recalculada considerando-se a exclusão dos itens e foi considerada adequada nos três os fatores. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos mostram que o Maslach Burnout Inventory é um instrumento confiável e fatorialmente válido para medir a síndrome de o burnout em profissionais dos serviços de emergência no Brasil.

Objetivo: confirmar la validez factorial del Maslach Bunout Inventory - versión Human Services Survey en una muestra de profesionales de la salud de los servicios de emergencia. Método: estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y analítico. Participaron en el estudio 282 profesionales de la salud. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Maslach Burnout Inventory . La sensibilidad psicométrica de los ítems del Maslach Bunout Inventory - versión Human Services Survey se estimó mediante medidas de tendencia central, variabilidad y forma de distribución. La consistencia interna se estimó usando el Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y la adecuación de la muestra se verificó usando el índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Como índices para evaluar la calidad de ajuste del modelo fueron considerados la razón chi-cuadrado para los grados de libertad (χ 2 /gl), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), índice de Tucker Lewis (TLI) y root mean square error of aproximation (RMSEA). Para probar el ajuste de los datos, se utilizó el método de máxima verosimilitud. Resultados: se confirmó la estructura de tres factores del Maslach Burnout Inventory . Los ítems 9, 12, 15 y 16 presentaron un peso factorial por debajo de lo que se consideraba adecuado y se eliminaron del modelo. El modelo jerárquico de segundo orden, con las modificaciones antes mencionadas, presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos y puede considerarse el mejor y más parsimonioso modelo probado de acuerdo con los índices de teoría de la información. La consistencia interna de los factores del instrumento se recalculó ponderando la exclusión de los ítems y se consideró adecuada en los tres factores. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos muestran que el Maslach Burnout Inventory es un instrumento confiable y factorialmente válido para medir el síndrome de burnout en los profesionales de los servicios de emergencia en Brasil.

Intervening variables of Burnout in health professionals of emergency services / Variables de intervención del Burnout en los profesionales sanitarios de los servicios de emergencia / Variáveis interventoras do Burnout em profissionais de saúde dos serviços emergenciais

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between Burnout, stress, mental suffering and other personal and work factors associated with this syndrome. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study with 282 health professionals from the emergency services of the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, collected from October 2015 to March 2016. The instruments used were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Stress Symptom Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Psychiatric Screening Questionnaire, Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Descriptive writing of the data. Pearson's Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact Tests to check the association between variables and later regression analysis, in which ORs were calculated, with 95% CI and 5% significance level. Results: there was statistical evidence of an association between Burnout and education, early stress, stress, common mental disorders, lifestyle, anxiety and depression. The regression analysis shows that the variables that influence Burnout are: type of service (p=0.032; OR=0.187), education (p=0.029; OR=2.313), perception of stress (p=0.037; OR=1.67) and social readjustment (p=0.031; OR=1.279). Conclusion: this study points to a profile for the development of Burnout, consisting of health professionals with higher education, who suffered early stress, who have symptoms and perception of stress, who do not have a healthy lifestyle and show symptoms of mental suffering. Such results can assist in the development and implementation of strategies aimed at reducing both work stress and the prevalence of Burnout syndrome.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre Burnout, estrés, sufrimiento mental y otros factores personales y laborales asociados a este síndrome. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional entre 282 profesionales sanitarios de los servicios de emergencia de la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, recolectados de octubre de 2015 a marzo de 2016. Utilizados os instrumentos: Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Inventario de Burnout de Maslach, Cuestionario de Trauma Infantil, Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés, Escala de Estrés Percibido, Cuestionario de Exploración Psiquiátrica, Cuestionario de Estilo de Vida Fantástico, Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria y Escala de Reajuste Social de Holmes-Rahe. Redacción descriptiva de los datos. Prueba Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson o Prueba exacta de Fisher para comprobar la asociación entre variables y posterior análisis de regresión, en el que se calcularon OR, con IC del 95% y nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: hubo evidencia estadística de asociación entre Burnout y educación, estrés temprano, estrés, trastornos mentales comunes, estilo de vida, ansiedad y depresión. El análisis de regresión muestra que las variables que influyen en el Burnout son: tipo de servicio (p=0.032; OR=0.187), educación (p=0.029; OR=2.313), percepción de estrés (p=0.037; OR=1.67) y reajuste social (p=0.031; OR=1.279). Conclusión: Este estudio apunta a un perfil para el desarrollo del Burnout, conformado por profesionales sanitarios con educación superior, que sufrieron estrés temprano, que presentan síntomas y percepción de estrés, que no tienen un estilo de vida saludable y presentan síntomas de sufrimiento mental. Dichos resultados pueden ayudar en el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias destinadas a reducir tanto el estrés laboral como la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre Burnout, estresse, sofrimento mental e demais fatores pessoais e laborais associados a esta síndrome. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional entre 282 profissionais de saúde dos serviços de emergências da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, coletado de outubro de 2015 a março de 2016. Utilizados os instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Psychiatric Screeming Questionnaire, Questionário de Estilo de Vida Fantástico, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e Escala de Reajustamento Social de Homes-Rahe. Redação descritiva dos dados. Testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis e posteriormente análise de regressão, na qual foram calculados OR, com IC de 95% e o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: houve evidência estatística de associação entre Burnout e escolaridade, estresse precoce, estresse, transtornos mentais comuns, estilo de vida, ansiedade e depressão. A análise de regressão evidencia que as variáveis que influenciam no Burnout são: tipo de serviço (p=0,032; OR=0,187), escolaridade (p=0,029; OR=2,313), percepção de estresse (p=0,037; OR=1,67) e reajustamento social (p=0,031; OR=1,279). Conclusão: este estudo aponta um perfil para o desenvolvimento de Burnout, constituído por profissionais de saúde com maior escolaridade, que sofreram estresse precoce, que apresentam sintomas e percepção de estresse, que não possuem um estilo de vida saudável e apresentam sintomas de sofrimento mental. Tais resultados podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias visando reduzir tanto o estresse laboral como a prevalência da síndrome de Burnout.

Occupational stress among nursing technicians and assistants: coping focused on the problem.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between strategies used to cope with occupational stress that are focused on the problem wand the personal characteristics of nursing technicians and assistants. METHODOLOGY: This quantitative and correlational study was conducted in a large teaching hospital in the São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2013. A randomized sample with 310 participants (198 nursing assistants and 112 nursing technicians) comprised the study population. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and Scale of Ways of Coping with Problems. Data were submitted to univariate analysis, and variables with statistical significance (p<0.20) were submitted posteriorly in a multiple regression model. RESULTS: Most employees were women (76.1%) older than 40 years (67.7%), had nine to 11 years of formal education (73.5%), had a partner (58.7%), were Catholic (53.2%), and had children (74.5%). The final multiple regression model consisted of variable years of formal education and number of children. CONCLUSION: In this study, formal education and number of children were more strongly associated with a greater use of coping strategies focused on the problem. Such a strategy is related to minimal vulnerability to stress related to the working environment.

Association between depression and work stress in nursing professionals with technical education level.

OBJECTIVE: to analize the relationship between depression and work stress in nursing professionals with technical education level of a teaching hospital in a city of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 310 nursing technicians and nursing assistants, randomly selected. The outcome analyzed was the report of depression and its relationship with high levels of work stress, measured using the Job Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: the prevalence of depression in this study was 20%, and it was more expressive in females, aged over 40 years, living without a partner and in smokers. The chance of depression was twice as high among professionals showing high levels of work stress, even after multiple regression adjusting. CONCLUSION: depressive symptoms were strongly associated with high stress levels among nursing assistants and nursing technicians, evidencing a problem to be considered along with the planning of specific intervention programs for this population, as well as the need for better cases management by the supervisors.

A experiência em lecionar para crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais: desafios à inclusão / La experiencia en la enseñanza de niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales: desafíos de la inclusión / The experience in teaching children and adolescents with mental disorders: challenges to the mainstreaming

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as vivências de professores em lecionar para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno mental e suas necessidades no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 11 professores de escolas públicas do nível médio e fundamental de um município do norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista aberta, em profundidade, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017 e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. As vivências foram agrupadas e separadas em duas categorias: "o lecionar - dificuldades, necessidades e estratégias" e "o desafio da inclusão". Resultados: sentimentos como frustração, medo e preocupação em não desempenhar adequado papel como educador foram mencionados. Identificou-se a falta de conhecimento dos professores e de estrutura das instituições para um processo de ensino-aprendizagem adequado que promova a inclusão. E, também, a fragilidade da articulação entre escola e serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: destaca-se a necessidade da articulação das instituições de educação e saúde, que pode auxiliar o planejamento corresponsável de estratégias que favoreçam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais, a assistência integral e a inclusão.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la experiencia de los docentes en la enseñanza de niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales y sus necesidades en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo realizado con 11 docentes de escuelas públicas de enseñanza primaria y secundaria de un municipio del norte del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Los datos se recogieron a través de una entrevista abierta en profudidad, entre agosto y septiembre de 2017, y después se analizaron según su contenido. Las experiencias se agruparon y separaron en dos categorías: "enseñanza - dificultades, necesidades y estrategias" y "el desafío de la inclusión". Resultados: se manifestaron sentimientos tales como: frustación, temor y preocupación por no desempeñar un papel adecuado como educador. Se identificó la falta de conocimiento de los docentes y de estructura de las instituciones para un proceso adecuado de enseñanza- aprendizaje que promueva la inclusión. También quedó evidente la fragilidad de la articulación entre la escuela y los servicios de salud. Conclusión: se realza la necesidad de articulación entre las instituciones educativas y de salud, con miras a respaldar la planificación corresponsable de las estrategias que favorezcan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales, la atención integral y la iclusión.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the experiences of teachers in teaching children and adolescents with mental disorders and their needs in the teaching-learning process. Method: this is a descriptive, qualitative study, carried out with 11 teachers from public high and elementary schools in a municipality in the north of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The data were collected through an openin-depth interview, from August to September 2017 and submitted to thematic content analysis. The experiences were grouped and separated into two categories: "teaching - difficulties, needs and strategies" and "the challenges of mainstreaming". Results: feelings such as frustration, fear and concern about not playing an appropriate role as an educator were mentioned. It was identified the lack of knowledge of teachers and the lack of institutional structure foran adequate teaching-learning process that promotes inclusion. Also, the fragility of the articulation between school and health services. Final considerations: there is a need for the articulation of education and health institutions, which can assist the co-responsible planning of strategies that favor the teaching-learning process of children and adolescents with mental disorders, comprehensive care and inclusion.

Toward the establishment of a forensic nursing specialty in Brazil: an integrative literature review.

BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, Brazil has made progress in bringing political and community attention to issues related to violence. The recognition of links between violence and health has intensified calls to accelerate the development of a forensic nursing specialty in Brazil. AIM: The aim of this study was to systematically examine and synthesize the literature on the development of the forensic nursing specialty around the globe and to extract important lessons for the establishment of a forensic nursing specialty in Brazil. METHOD: An integrative review was conducted according to the method described by Whittmore and Knafl (2005). Electronic searches of the following databases were conducted between December 2012 and March 2013: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Criminal Justice, Index to Legal periodicals, MEDLINE, Soc Index with Full Text, Social Work Abstracts, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO. The search terms used were: [(TI nurs* or SU nurs*) and [TI (forensic* or penal or prison*) or SU (forensic* or penal or prison*)] and (sexual assault nurse examiner*). Preestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to select published articles for review. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the full review. Important lessons for Brazil are discussed in terms of education and curricular issues and forensic psychiatric nursing. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, there is a window of opportunity to contribute the theoretical foundations of forensic nursing science and to advance nursing specialty practice in the areas of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners and forensic psychiatric nurses.

Sintomas físicos e psicológicos do estresse em pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana / Physical and psychological symptoms of stress in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus / Síntomas físicos y psicológicos del estrés en las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

INTRODUÇÃO: O viver com o HIV, além de ser uma doença sem cura e com uma alta carga estigmatizadora, é considerada um fenômeno social que convive com o sofrimento físico representando uma alta fonte de estresse. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência, fatores associados e sintomas físicos e psicológicos do estresse em pessoas vivendo com HIV, comparando-o segundo o sexo. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo analítico de corte transversal, realizado com pessoas que vivem com HIV em atendimento ambulatorial na região sudeste do Brasil. Foi utilizado questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, e para avaliação dos sintomas de estresse foi utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), o qual identifica a presença de estresse, a sintomatologia predominante e a fase em que o paciente se encontra. Para análise foi aplicado o teste de associação Qui-quadrado, adotando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 340 pessoas, das quais 47,6% foram diagnosticadas com estresse. Houve associação do estresse com a idade (p=0,018), tempo de diagnóstico (p=0,025) e tempo de tratamento (p=0,016). As mulheres apresentaram maior frequência de sintomas de estresse nas fases de alerta (60,8%), quase-exaustão (75,0%) e de exaustão (54,8%), com predomínio dos sintomas físicos, destacando a impossibilidade de trabalhar (p=0,03), a vontade de fugir de tudo (p=0,004) e pensar/falar sobre o mesmo assunto (p=0,02). CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo evidenciou uma alta prevalência do estresse em PVHIV, com associação entre a idade, o tempo de diagnóstico e o tempo de tratamento com antirretroviral; e predomínio entre sinais e sintomas nas mulheres.

BACKGROUND: Living with HIV, besides being a disease without cure and with a high stigmatizing burden, is considered a social phenomenon that coexists with physical suffering representing a high source of stress. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and physical and psychological symptoms of stress in people living with HIV by comparing stress by sex. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted with people living with HIV in outpatient care in southeastern Brazil. A questionnaire was used for sociodemographic and clinical characterization; and for the evaluation of stress symptoms, the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL) was used, which identifies the presence of stress, the predominant symptomatology and the phase of the patient. The chi-square association test was applied for analysis, adopting p <0.05. RESULTS: 340 people participated in the study, of which 47.6% were diagnosed with stress. Stress was associated with age (p=0.018), time of diagnosis (p = 0.025) and time of treatment (p=0.016). Women presented a higher frequency of stress symptoms in the alert (60.8%), near-exhaustion (75.0%) and exhaustion (54.8%) phases, with a predominance of physical symptoms, highlighting the impossibility of working (p= 0.03), the desire to escape from everything (p=0.004) and think/talk about the same subject (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed a high prevalence of stress, with an association between age, time since diagnosis and duration of antiretroviral treatment; and predominance between signs and symptoms of stress in women.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Vivir con VIH, además de ser una enfermedad sin cura y con una alta carga de estigmatización, se considera un fenómeno social que coexiste con el sufrimiento físico que representa una gran fuente de estrés. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia, los factores asociados y los síntomas físicos y psicológicos del estrés en personas con VIH comparándolo por género. METODOLOGÍA: Este es un estudio analítico transversal realizado con personas que viven con VIH en atención ambulatoria en el sudeste de Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario para la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, y para la evaluación de los síntomas de estrés, se utilizó el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés de Lipp (ISSL), que identifica la presencia de estrés, la sintomatología predominante y la fase del paciente. La prueba de asociación de chi-cuadrado se aplicó para el análisis, adoptando p <0,05. RESULTADOS: 340 personas participaron en el estudio, de los cuales el 47,6% fueron diagnosticados con estrés. El estrés se asoció con la edad (p = 0,018), el tiempo desde el diagnóstico (p=0,025) y el tiempo de tratamiento (p=0,016). Las mujeres tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de síntomas de estrés en las fases de alerta (60,8%), casi agotamiento (75,0%) y agotamiento (54,8%), con predominio de síntomas físicos, destacando la imposibilidad de trabajar (p=0,03), el deseo de alejarse de todo (p=0,004) y pensar / hablar sobre el mismo tema (p=0,02). CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio mostró una alta prevalencia de estrés, con una asociación entre la edad, el tiempo desde el diagnóstico y la duración del tratamiento antirretroviral; y predominio entre signos y síntomas en mujeres.

Caregiver burden and stress in psychiatric hospital admission / A sobrecarga do cuidador e o estresse na admissão de um hospital psiquiátrico / La sobrecarga del cuidador y el estrés en la admisión de un hospital psiquiátrico

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the relation between sociodemographics factors, stress and burden of care of family caregivers of patients at a psychiatric hospital admission. Method: quantitative study, with a cross-sectional correlation design. A total of 112 family caregivers participated, older than 18, in a Brazilian psychiatric hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect data, the Zarit Burden Interview and LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory. Results: burden of care in family caregivers at a psychiatric hospital admission was significantly associated with stress (p=0.000). The psychological symptoms of stress predicted severe burden. Most caregivers presented a moderate or severe burden, with 52.7% in the resistance phase of stress; 66.1% presented psychological symptoms. Conclusion: results show the alarming situation of caregivers of patients from a psychiatric hospital, evidencing their own vulnerability to illness. Indeed, the during admission in a psychiatric hospital, not only patients need care, but also their caregivers.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre fatores sociodemográficos, estresse e sobrecarga de cuidado de cuidadores familiares na internação de pacientes em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo quantitativo, com desenho de correlação transversal. Um total de 112 cuidadores familiares participaram do estudo, maiores de 18 anos, em um hospital psiquiátrico brasileiro. Um questionário sociodemográfico, o Zarit Burden Interview e o LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory foram usados para a coleta de dados. Resultados: a carga de cuidado dos familiares cuidadores em internação no hospital psiquiátrico foi significativamente associada ao estresse (p=0,000). Os sintomas psicológicos do estresse previam uma sobrecarega. A maioria dos cuidadores apresentava sobrecarga moderada ou grave, com 52,7% na fase de resistência ao estresse, e 66,1% apresentavam sintomas psicológicos. Conclusión: os resultados mostram a situação alarmante dos cuidadores de pacientes na admissão ao hospital psiquiátrico, evidenciando sua própria vulnerabilidade à doença. De fato, a internação em um hospital psiquiátrico não requer cuidados apenas para o paciente, mas também para os cuidadores familiares.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre los factores sociodemográficos, el estrés y la carga de atención de los cuidadores familiares en el ingreso de pacientes en un hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudio cuantitativo, con diseño de correlación transversal. Participaron 112 cuidadores familiares, mayores de 18 años, en un hospital psiquiátrico brasileño. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Zarit Burden Interview y el LIPP Adult Stress Symptom Inventory. Resultados: la carga de atención de los cuidadores familiares en el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico se asoció significativamente con el estrés (p=0,000). Los síntomas psicológicos del estrés predijeron una carga severa. La gran parte de los cuidadores presentaron una carga moderada o grave, con un 52,7% en la fase de resistencia del estrés, y el 66,1% presentó síntomas psicológicos. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la situación alarmante de los cuidadores de pacientes en el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico, evidenciando su propia vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad. De hecho, el ingreso al hospital psiquiátrico no requiere cuidado solamente al paciente, sino también a los cuidadores familiares.

Percepção de estresse nos acadêmicos de enfermagem / Perception of stress in nursing academics

Objetivo: avaliar a percepção de estresse em baixa, média e alta e a relação entre a percepção do estresse e características sociodemográficas em acadêmicos de Enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, em que foram incluídos 136 acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma instituição particular de ensino, com o uso do questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do programa SPSS, versão 17.0. Os dados foram apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos (63=46,3%) apresenta média percepção de estresse. As variáveis sociodemográficas não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com a percepção de estresse. Conclusão: número significativo de universitários apresenta média percepção de estresse. Observa-se que os acadêmicos casados e que ingerem bebida alcoólica apresentaram maior percepção. Já realizar atividade física auxilia em uma menor percepção de estresse. É relevante observar que a percepção de estresse média ou alta constatada neste estudo é preocupante considerando a saúde desses participantes e seu futuro profissional. Os dados deste estudo contribuem cientificamente com o fornecimento de subsídios e auxiliam a identificar variáveis sociodemográficas que podem vulnerabilizar os acadêmicos na percepção do estresse.(AU)