Adenoma detection rate and tolerability of two ultra-low volume bowel preparations in screening: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The adenoma detection rate (ADR), recognized as a surrogate marker for colorectal cancer incidence and mortality reduction, is closely linked to the efficacy of bowel cleansing. However, there is a dearth of evidence examining the impact on ADR when employing two distinct very low-dose bowel cleansing products. This study sought to compare ADR in a fecal immunochemical occult blood testing (iFOBT) based organized screening program by utilizing 1L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate (1L-PEGA) versus magnesium citrate plus picosulphate (SPMC), both administered in a split-dose regimen. METHODS: We conducted a comparative, parallel, randomized, noninferiority, and low-intervention clinical trial, the study targeted individuals from a population colorectal cancer screening program aged 50-69 with a positive iFOBT result scheduled for a work-up colonoscopy in the morning. Participants were randomized to either 1L-PEGA or SPMC for bowel cleansing. Main outcome was ADR. Secondary outcomes were bowel preparation quality, individuals' safety, tolerability and satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 1,002 subjects were included, 501 in each group. There were no differences between groups with respect to pooled ADR (SPMC, 56.5% [52.1-60.8]; 1L-PEGA, 53.7% [49.3-58.0]; RR 0.95 [0.85-1.06]); therefore, SPMC demonstrated noninferiority in ADR compared to 1L-PEGA (difference, 2.8%; 2-sided 95% lower confidence limit (LCL), -3.4). In addition, there were no significant differences in mean lesions regardless of size and location between arms. Bowel preparation favored 1L-PEGA (96.2% vs. 89.2%; p<0.001) whereas SPMC exhibited significantly higher safety and tolerability, as evidenced by fewer non-serious treatment-emergent adverse events CONCLUSIONS: SPMC emerged as a noninferior laxative compared to 1L-PEGA concerning ADR. Despite the superior bowel preparation quality associated with 1L-PEGA, the safety, tolerability and overall satisfaction of participants were higher with SPMC. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (EudraCT: 2019-003186-18) on March 18, 2019.

CTNND1 is involved in germline predisposition to early-onset gastric cancer by affecting cell-to-cell interactions.

BACKGROUND: CDH1 and CTNNA1 remain as the main genes for hereditary gastric cancer. However, they only explain a small fraction of gastric cancer cases with suspected inherited basis. In this study, we aimed to identify new hereditary genes for early-onset gastric cancer patients (EOGC; < 50 years old). METHODS: After germline exome sequencing in 20 EOGC patients and replication of relevant findings by gene-panel sequencing in an independent cohort of 152 patients, CTNND1 stood out as an interesting candidate gene, since its protein product (p120ctn) directly interacts with E-cadherin. We proceeded with functional characterization by generating two knockout CTNND1 cellular models by gene editing and introducing the detected genetic variants using a lentiviral delivery system. We assessed ß-catenin and E-cadherin levels, cell detachment, as well as E-cadherin localization and cell-to-cell interaction by spheroid modeling. RESULTS: Three CTNND1 germline variants [c.28_29delinsCT, p.(Ala10Leu); c.1105C > T, p.(Pro369Ser); c.1537A > G, p.(Asn513Asp)] were identified in our EOGC cohorts. Cells encoding CTNND1 variants displayed altered E-cadherin levels and intercellular interactions. In addition, the p.(Pro369Ser) variant, located in a key region in the E-cadherin/p120ctn binding domain, showed E-cadherin mislocalization. CONCLUSIONS: Defects in CTNND1 could be involved in germline predisposition to gastric cancer by altering E-cadherin and, consequently, cell-to-cell interactions. In the present study, CTNND1 germline variants explained 2% (3/172) of the cases, although further studies in larger external cohorts are needed.

SnoRNA profiling in colorectal cancer and assessment of non-invasive biomarker capacity by ddPCR in fecal samples.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been identified dysregulated in several pathologies, and these alterations can be detected in tissues and in circulation. The main aim of this study was to analyze the whole snoRNome in advanced colorectal neoplasms and to identify new potential non-invasive snoRNA-based biomarkers in fecal samples by different analytical approaches. SNORA51, SNORD15B, SNORA54, SNORD12B, SNORD12C, SNORD72, SNORD89, and several members of SNORD115 and SNORD116 clusters were consistently deregulated in both tissue sets. After technical validation, SNORA51 and SNORD15B were detected in FIT+ samples. SNORA51 was significantly upregulated in FIT+ samples from CRC patients compared to healthy controls. This upregulation, together with the fecal hemoglobin concentration, was sufficient to identify, among FIT+ individuals, patients with CRC (AUC = 0.86) and individuals with advanced adenomas (AUC = 0.68). These findings portray snoRNAs as an alternative source of candidates for further studies and SNORA51 appears as a potential non-invasive biomarker for CRC detection.

Screening for liver fibrosis: lessons from colorectal and lung cancer screening.

Many countries have incorporated population screening programmes for cancer, such as colorectal and lung cancer, into their health-care systems. Cirrhosis is more prevalent than colorectal cancer and has a comparable age-standardized mortality rate to lung cancer. Despite this fact, there are no screening programmes in place for early detection of liver fibrosis, the precursor of cirrhosis. In this Perspective, we use insights from colorectal and lung cancer screening to explore the benefits, challenges, implementation strategies and pathways for future liver fibrosis screening initiatives. Several non-invasive methods and referral pathways for early identification of liver fibrosis exist, but in addition to accurate detection, screening programmes must also be cost-effective and demonstrate benefit through a reduction in liver-related mortality. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this. Future randomized screening trials should evaluate not only the screening tests, but also interventions used to halt disease progression in individuals identified through screening.

SOX9 is regulated by AURKA in response to Helicobacter pylori infection via EIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. The SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) serves as a marker of stomach stem cells. We detected strong associations between AURKA and SOX9 expression levels in gastric cancers. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo mouse models, we demonstrated that H. pylori infection induced elevated levels of both AURKA and SOX9 proteins. Notably, the SOX9 protein and transcription activity levels were dependent on AURKA expression. AURKA knockdown led to a reduction in the number and size of gastric gland organoids. Conditional knockout of AURKA in mice resulted in a decrease in SOX9 baseline level in AURKA-knockout gastric glands, accompanied by diminished SOX9 induction following H. pylori infection. We found an AURKA-dependent increase in EIF4E and cap-dependent translation with an AURKA-EIF4E-dependent increase in SOX9 polysomal RNA levels. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated binding of AURKA to EIF4E with a decrease in EIF4E ubiquitination. Immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue arrays revealed moderate to strong immunostaining of AURKA and SOX9 with a significant correlation in gastric cancer tissues. These findings elucidate the mechanistic role of AURKA in regulating SOX9 levels via cap-dependent translation in response to H. pylori infection in gastric tumorigenesis.

Serum DNA methylome of the colorectal cancer serrated pathway enables non-invasive detection.

The clinical relevance of the colorectal cancer serrated pathway is evident, but the screening of serrated lesions remains challenging. We aimed to characterize the serum methylome of the serrated pathway and to evaluate circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylomes as a potential source of biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of serrated lesions. We collected serum samples from individuals with serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC), traditional serrated adenomas, sessile serrated lesions, hyperplastic polyps and individuals with no colorectal findings. First, we quantified cfDNA methylation with the MethylationEPIC array. Then, we compared the methylation profiles with tissue and serum datasets. Finally, we evaluated the utility of serum cfDNA methylation biomarkers. We identified a differential methylation profile able to distinguish high-risk serrated lesions from no serrated neoplasia, showing concordance with tissue methylation from SAC and sessile serrated lesions. Serum methylation profiles are pathway-specific, clearly separating serrated lesions from conventional adenomas. The combination of ninjurin 2 (NINJ2) and glutamate-rich 1 (ERICH1) methylation discriminated high-risk serrated lesions and SAC with 91.4% sensitivity (64.4% specificity), while zinc finger protein 718 (ZNF718) methylation reported 100% sensitivity for the detection of SAC (96% specificity). This is the first study exploring the serum methylome of serrated lesions. Differential methylation of cfDNA can be used for the non-invasive detection of colorectal serrated lesions.

COVID-19: Una pandemia de valores / COVID-19: a pandemic of values

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Análisis de la satisfacción de los participantes en el Programa de detección precoz de cáncer colorrectal de Barcelona: valoración positiva de la farmacia comunitaria / Analysis of participant satisfaction in the Barcelona colorectal cancer screening programme: Positive evaluation of the community pharmacy

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Los programas poblacionales de cribado del cáncer colorrectal con prueba de detección de sangre oculta en heces deben obtener tasas altas de participación y ofrecer unos servicios de calidad. Para conocer los factores que influyen en la participación, la opinión y la satisfacción relacionadas con cada una de etapas, se lleva a cabo una encuesta de satisfacción del Programa de Barcelona. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Encuesta telefónica mediante cuestionario diseñado ad hoc a una muestra final de 1.189 personas: 310 no participantes en el Programa (NoP), 553 participantes con resultado negativo del test (PNeg) y 326 participantes con resultado positivo (PPos). RESULTADOS: Destacan las puntuaciones altas obtenidas en claridad de la información en general (8,9 de media, escala 0 a 10) y la atención en la farmacia, su accesibilidad y el papel como centro de recogida y entrega del test (superior a 9,3 de media). Aspectos que no han sido tan bien valorados: la preparación de la colonoscopia (el 41,6% refiere bastantes o muchas molestias, mayor en mujeres y menores de 60 años) y en menor medida la accesibilidad telefónica (27,1% refiere alguna dificultad) y la preocupación al recibir telefónicamente el resultado patológico del test (78,9% refiere alguna preocupación). Conclusiones La valoración que la población hace del Programa es positiva y avala la farmacia como punto de distribución y recogida de kits, así como el papel del farmacéutico. Se revisarán algunos aspectos del proceso de cribado con el fin de mejorar la satisfacción del usuario y, eventualmente, incrementar la participación

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Population-based bowel screening programmes with faecal occult blood (FOB) tests need to achieve high uptake rates and offer quality services. We invited participants in the Barcelona Programme to complete a satisfaction survey, in order to explore factors influencing uptake and respondents' opinion and satisfaction with each step of the screening process. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Telephone survey using an ad hoc questionnaire (see annex) administered to a final sample of 1189 people: 310 non-participants in the programme (NoP), 553 participants with a negative test result (PNeg), and 326 participants with a positive result (PPos). RESULTS: High scores were obtained for the clarity of the information provided by the programme (mean 8.9 on a scale 0-10), and for the accessibility and attention at the pharmacy as well as its role as the point for collection and return of FOB test cards (mean >9.3). Aspects that were not so highly rated were: preparation for the colonoscopy (41.6% reported quite a lot or a lot of discomfort), and to a lesser extent telephone accessibility (27.1% reported some difficulties). Participants also expressed concern about receiving a positive test result by telephone (78.9% reported some concern). CONCLUSIONS: Respondents' opinion of the programme was positive overall, and supports the pharmacy as the point for distributing and collecting FOB test cards, as well as the role of the pharmacist in the context of the programme. Some aspects of the screening process will be reviewed in order to improve participant satisfaction and eventually increase uptake

Asociación entre la endocarditis infecciosa por Enterococcus faecalis y la neoplasia de colon: resultados preliminares a partir de una cohorte de 154 pacientes / Relationship between Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis and colorectal neoplasm: preliminary results from a cohort of 154 patients

Introducción y objetivos: Así como la asociación entre la endocarditis infecciosa por Streptococcus bovis y la neoplasia colorrectal (NCR) es bien conocida, no se han publicado hasta la fecha resultados de estudios que valoren dicha asociación con la endocarditis infecciosa por Enterococcus faecalis (EIEF). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la prevalencia de NCR es mayor en los pacientes con EIEF de foco desconocido que en la población general y en los pacientes con EIEF y foco conocido. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de una cohorte de 154 pacientes con EIEF definitiva (109 con foco desconocido y 45 con foco definido) de 2 hospitales universitarios españoles. Estudio de la prevalencia de NCR y otras enfermedades colorrectales. Resultados: Se realizó colonoscopia a 61 pacientes (56%) con foco desconocido, y se diagnosticó NCR a 31 (50,8%): adenoma colorrectal no avanzado en 22 casos (36%), adenoma avanzado en 5 (8,2%) y carcinoma colorrectal (CCR) en 4 (6,6%). Entre los supervivientes al episodio de endocarditis con seguimiento ≥ 2 años, se diagnosticó otro caso de CCR. Por otro lado, solo 6 colonoscopias (13,3%) se llevaron a cabo entre pacientes con foco claro de la EIEF, y se halló NCR en 1 (16,7%). La prevalencia de adenomas era ligeramente mayor que en la población general española de la misma franja de edad, mientras que la prevalencia del CCR resultó 17 veces mayor. Conclusiones: Se diagnosticó NCR a más de la mitad de los pacientes con EIEF y foco desconocido a los que se realizó una colonoscopia. Estos resultados indican que se debe recomendar la realización de una colonoscopia a todo paciente con EIEF y foco no claro (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The association between Streptococcus bovis group infective endocarditis and colorectal neoplasm (CRN) is well-known. However, no studies have assessed the association between Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) and CRN. We aimed to determine whether the prevalence of CRN is higher in patients with EFIE and an unclear source of infection than in patients with EFIE and a known source of infection or in the general population. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 154 patients with definite EFIE (109 with an unclear source of infection and 45 with an identified source) from 2 Spanish teaching hospitals to determine the prevalence of CRN and other colorectal diseases. Results: In the group with an unknown source of infection, 61 patients (56%) underwent colonoscopy; of these, 31 (50.8%) had CRN. Nonadvanced colorectal adenoma was detected in 22 patients (36%), advanced adenoma in 5 (8.2%), and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in 4 (6.6%). Among patients who survived the EFIE episode with ≥ 2 years of follow-up, 1 case of CRC was subsequently diagnosed. Only 6 patients (13.3%) with an identified focus of infection underwent colonoscopy; 1 of these patients (16.7%) was diagnosed with CRN. The prevalence of adenomas was slightly higher than that of the Spanish population in the same age range, whereas that of CRC was 17-fold higher. Conclusions: CRN was found in more than half of patients with EFIE and an unclear focus of infection who underwent colonoscopy. Colonoscopy should be recommended in patients with EFIE and an unclear source of infection (AU)

Formas hereditarias de cáncer colorectal / Hereditary forms of colorectal cancer

El cáncer colorrectal es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en los países occidentales, el tercero en varones después del cáncer de próstata y de pulmón, y el segundo en mujeres tras el de mama. La mayor parte corresponde a formas esporádicas, pero en una pequeña proporción el cáncer colorrectal se desarrolla en el contexto de formas hereditarias cuya causa genética está bien establecida, lo que permite efectuar un diagnóstico presintomático en los familiares de riesgo. En el presente artículo se revisarán los aspectos más novedosos presentados en el último congreso de la American Gastroenterological Association en relación con las formas hereditarias de cáncer colorrectal, especialmente el síndrome de Lynch y la poliposis asociada al gen MUTYH, así como diversos aspectos organizativos que pueden favorecer el correcto manejo asistencial de estos pacientes y sus familiares

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms in western countries; it is the third most common cancer in men after prostate and lung cancer and the second most common in women after breast cancer. Colorectal cancer is usually sporadic but in a small proportion is hereditary. The genetic cause is well established, allowing pre-symptomatic diagnosis in at-risk relatives. The present article reviews the most novel findings presented at the latest meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association on hereditary forms of colorectal cancer, especially Lynch syndrome and MUTYH-associated polyposis, as well as diverse organisational aspects that can favour the correct management of these patients and their relatives

Síndromes de predisposición a cáncer gástrico y cáncer pancreático / Hereditary gastric and pancreatic cancer predisposition syndromes

De todas las neoplasias digestivas hereditarias, las más importantes por su frecuencia son las que afectan al colon y recto, principalmente el síndrome de Lynch y la poliposis adenomatosa familiar. Sin embargo existen otros grupos de neoplasias digestivas extracolónicas muy poco estudiadas y conocidas, que constituyen un pequeño porcentaje de los cánceres hereditarios digestivos. A pesar de ser poco frecuentes, estas neoplasias merecen importancia debido a la gran morbimortalidad que conllevan, destacando principalmente el adenocarcinoma gástrico y pancreático. Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de los datos conocidos hasta la fecha de los síndromes hereditarios y familiares asociados a estas dos neoplasias, de cara a un mayor conocimiento y entendimiento de estas patologías, con la intención de mejorar la sospecha diagnóstica y así poner en marcha las estrategias diagnósticas, de cribado, de vigilancia y terapéuticas adecuadas

The most common hereditary gastrointestinal cancers are colorectal, mainly hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and familial adenomatous polyposis. Other extracolonic neoplasms, including the gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, are less well known and studied because they account for a relatively small percentage of hereditary gastrointestinal cancers. Nonetheless, they merit special attention because of the high associated morbidity and mortality rates. We review the hereditary and familial syndromes associated with gastric and pancreatic cancers with a view to improving knowledge and understanding of these diseases, in order to heighten diagnostic suspicion and thus implement appropriate diagnostic strategies, screening, surveillance and treatment

Cribado del cáncer colorrectal / Colorectal cancer screening

El cáncer colorrectal es una de las neoplasias que más se puede beneficiar de las medidas preventivas, en especial del cribado o prevención secundaria. Para ello se dispone de diversas estrategias que han demostrado su eficacia y eficiencia, siendo la detección de sangre oculta en heces la más habitual en los países en los que se dispone de programas de cribado organizados a nivel poblacional y la colonoscopia en aquellos en los que el cribado es oportunista. En el presente artículo se revisan las comunicaciones más relevantes presentadas en el congreso anual de la American Gastroenterological Association celebrado en Washington en mayo de 2015 en relación con el cribado del cáncer colorrectal, y se hace especial hincapié en el rendimiento a medio plazo de las estrategias de detección de sangre oculta en heces y los factores que lo condicionan, y en cómo se puede disminuir la aparición de cáncer de intervalo tras la colonoscopia (AU)

Colorectal cancer is one of malignancies showing the greatest benefit from preventive measures, especially screening or secondary prevention. Several screening strategies are available with demonstrated efficacy and efficiency. The most widely used are the faecal occult blood test in countries with population-based screening programmes, and colonoscopy in those conducting opportunistic screening. The present article reviews the most important presentations on colorectal cancer screening at the annual congress of the American Gastroenterological Association held in Washington in 2015, with special emphasis on the medium-term results of faecal occult blood testing strategies and determining factors and on strategies to reduce the development of interval cancer after colonoscopy (AU)

Cribado del cáncer colorrectal: reafirmando el pasado y avanzando con determinación hacia el futuro / Colorectal cancer screening: Reaffirming the past and resolutely advancing toward the future

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Utilidad de las pruebas fecales en el cribado del cáncer colorrectal / The usefulness of fecal tests in colorectal cancer screening

El cáncer colorrectal constituye el paradigma de las neoplasias susceptibles de medidas preventivas, en especial de cribado. Para ello, en el momento actual, se dispone de diversas estrategias que han demostrado su eficacia y eficiencia; la más habitual en los países en los que se dispone de programas de cribado organizados a nivel poblacional es la detección de sangre oculta en heces. En los últimos años han ido apareciendo nuevas modalidades que podrían llegar a constituir alternativas viables en un futuro próximo, entre las que destaca la detección de alteraciones en el ADN fecal. En el presente artículo se revisan las comunicaciones más relevantes presentadas en el congreso anual de la American Gastroenterological Association, celebrado en Chicago en mayo de 2014, en relación con el cribado del cáncer colorrectal, y se hace especial hincapié en el rendimiento a medio y largo plazo de las estrategias de detección de sangre oculta en heces y los primeros resultados obtenidos con las pruebas de ADN fecal

Colorectal cancer is a paradigm of neoplasms that are amenable to preventative measures, especially screening. Currently, to carry this out, there are various strategies that have proven effective and efficient. In countries that have organized population- level screening programs, the most common strategy is fecal occult blood testing. In recent years, new methods have appeared that could constitute viable alternatives in the near future, among which the detection of changes in fecal DNA is emphasized. In this article, we review the most relevant papers on colorectal cancer screening presented at the annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association held in Chicago in May 2014, with special emphasis on the medium and long-term performance of strategies to detect occult blood in feces and the first results obtained with fecal DNA testing

Principios y deberes en el ejercicio de la dirección médica de los hospitales y centros sanitarios / Principles and duties in the exercise of the medical direction of hospitals and health centers

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Vigilancia tras resección de pólipos de colon y de cáncer colorrectal. Actualización 2018 / Endoscopic surveillance after colonic polyps and colorrectal cancer resection. 2018 update

La evidencia disponible para estratificar el riesgo de presentar un cáncer colorrectal metacrónico tras la extirpación de pólipos colorrectales y determinar los intervalos de vigilancia es limitada y se basa en estudios observacionales. No obstante, a la espera de nuevas evidencias, es necesario unificar los criterios del seguimiento endoscópico en nuestro medio. Por ello, desde las principales sociedades científicas involucradas en el manejo de estos pacientes, como son la Asociación Española de Gastroenterología, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, la Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva y el Grupo de Cribado de Cáncer Colorrectal de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología, se ha creado este documento de consenso, que se encuentra incluido en el capítulo 10 de la «Guía de Práctica Clínica de Diagnóstico y Prevención del Cáncer Colorrectal. Actualización 2018». A continuación, se presentarán importantes novedades respecto a la edición previa publicada en 2009. En primer lugar, se establecen situaciones que requieren y no requieren vigilancia endoscópica y se elimina la necesidad de realizar seguimiento en individuos que no presentan un riesgo especial de cáncer de colon metacrono. En segundo lugar, se establecen recomendaciones de vigilancia endoscópica en individuos con pólipos serrados. Finalmente, a diferencia de la edición anterior, se dan recomendaciones de vigilancia endoscópica en individuos intervenidos por cáncer colorrectal. Paralelamente, supone un avance sobre la guía europea de calidad en el cribado del cáncer colorrectal, ya que elimina la división entre grupo de riesgo medio y grupo de riesgo alto, lo que supone la eliminación de una proporción considerable de colonoscopias de vigilancia precoz. Finalmente, se dan recomendaciones claras sobre la ausencia de necesidad de seguimiento en el grupo de riesgo bajo, para el que la guía europea mantenía cierta ambigüedad

There is limited scientific evidence available to stratify the risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancer after resection of colonic polyps and to determine surveillance intervals and is mostly based on observational studies. However, while awaiting further evidence, the criteria of endoscopic follow-up needs to be unified in our setting. Therefore, the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology, the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, the Spanish Society of Digestive Endoscopy, and the Colorectal Cancer Screening Group of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology, have written this consensus document, which is included in chapter 10 of the "Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. 2018 Update". Important developments will also be presented as regards the previous edition published in 2009. First of all, situations that require and do not require endoscopic surveillance are established, and the need of endoscopic surveillance of individuals who do not present a special risk of metachronous colon cancer is eliminated. Secondly, endoscopic surveillance recommendations are established in individuals with serrated polyps. Finally, unlike the previous edition, endoscopic surveillance recommendations are given in patients operated on for colorectal cancer. At the same time, it represents an advance on the European guideline for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening, since it eliminates the division between intermediate risk group and high risk group, which means the elimination of a considerable proportion of colonoscopies of early surveillance. Finally, clear recommendations are given on the absence of need for follow-up in the low risk group, for which the European guidelines maintained some ambiguity

Cáncer colorrectal poscolonoscopia: próximo enemigo a batir / Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer: Next enemy to beat

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Programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer de Colon y Recto de Barcelona: indicadores de la primera ronda de un programa con participación de la farmacia comunitaria / Colorectal Cancer Early Screening Program of Barcelona, Spain: Indicators of the first round of a program with participation of community pharmacies

Fundamento y objetivo: El Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer de Colon y Recto de Barcelona se puso en marcha en diciembre de 2009 y cuenta con las oficinas de farmacia para la distribución y recogida del test de cribado. En este artículo se describen los principales indicadores de la primera ronda del Programa (2010-2011) según los propuestos por la Unión Europea. Material y métodos: El Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer de Colon y Recto de Barcelona se dirige a varones y mujeres de 50 a 69 años residentes en las áreas de referencia del Hospital Clínic y del Hospital del Mar, tiene periodicidad bienal, y utiliza el test inmunológico de detección de sangre oculta en heces y posterior confirmación diagnóstica mediante colonoscopia. Resultados: La población diana fue de 197.795 personas. La tasa de participación fue del 43,6%, siendo mayor en mujeres y en mayores de 59 años. Un 2,1% de la población invitada declaró un cribado externo al Programa. La tasa de positividad fue del 6,2%, mayor en varones y con amplia variabilidad entre áreas básicas de salud. Las tasas de detección de adenoma de bajo y alto riesgo, y de cáncer invasivo fueron, respectivamente, del 9,1‰, del 21,7‰, y del 3,1‰. El 48,2% de los tumores fueron estadio i. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos se consideran satisfactorios y acordes con los de otros programas y estándares europeos, aunque se han identificado aspectos de mejora. La elevada participación puede atribuirse, al menos parcialmente, al test empleado y a la implicación de la red de oficinas de farmacia comunitaria (AU)

Background and objective: The Colorectal Cancer Screening Program of Barcelona was implemented in December 2009 and involves pharmacies for the distribution and collection of screening tests. The aim of this article is to describe the main indicators of the first round of the Program (2010-2011), based on the ones suggested by the European Union. Material and methods: The target population of the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program of Barcelona includes men and women aged 50-69 years who live in the catchment areas of Hospital Clínic and Hospital del Mar. Screening consists of biennial immunochemical fecal occult blood testing, with colonoscopy as confirmatory procedure. Results: Target population comprised 197,795 persons. Participation rate was 43.6%, was higher among women and among those aged 60 and older. 2.1% of the eligible population stated to have been already screened for colorectal cancer. Overall positivity rate was 6.2%, higher among men and with a broad variability among health care areas. The detection rates of low- and high-risk adenoma, and of invasive cancer were 9.1 ‰, 21.7 ‰ and 3.1 ‰, respectively. 48.2% of tumors were stage i. Conclusions: These results are considered satisfactory and consistent with those obtained in other programs and with European standards. Nevertheless, some areas for improvement have been identified. The high participation rate can be attributed, at least in part, to the type of test and to the involvement of community pharmacies (AU)

Cribado del cáncer colorrectal / Colorectal cancer screening

El cáncer colorrectal constituye el paradigma de las neoplasias susceptibles de medidas preventivas, en especial de cribado. Para ello, en el momento actual, se dispone de diversas estrategias que han demostrado su eficacia y eficiencia, entre las que destacan la detección de sangre oculta en heces y las pruebas endoscópicas. Además, en los últimos años han ido apareciendo nuevas modalidades que podrían llegar a constituir alternativas viables en un futuro próximo. En el presente artículo se revisan las comunicaciones más relevantes presentadas en el Congreso Anual de la American Gastroenterological Association, celebrado en Orlando en mayo de 2013, en relación con el cribado del cáncer colorrectal, haciendo especial hincapié en los resultados a medio y largo plazo de las estrategias de detección de sangre oculta en heces y sigmoidoscopia flexible, así como en las primeras experiencias con el uso de nuevos biomarcadores (AU)

Colorectal cancer is the paradigm of tumoral growth that is susceptible to preventive measures, especially screening. Various screening strategies with demonstrated efficacy and efficiency are currently available, notable examples being the fecal occult blood test and endoscopic tests. In addition, new modalities have appeared in the last few years that could become viable alternatives in the near future. The present article reviews the most important presentations on colorectal screening at the annual congress of the American Gastroenterological Association held in Orlando in May 2013, with special emphasis on the medium- and long-term results of strategies using the fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as initial experiences with the use of new biomarkers (AU)

Tumores desmoides intraabdominales en la poliposis adenomatosa familiar / Intraabdominal desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis

Actualmente los tumores desmoides constituyen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes con PAF. Más del 10% de estos pacientes desarrollarán estos tumores a lo largo de su vida, y más de un tercio de ellos sufrirán sus consecuencias. Los principales factores de riesgo para su desarrollo son el sexo femenino y el traumatismo de la cirugía abdominal, y la localización más frecuente es la intraabdominal. El enfoque terapéutico de estos tumores ha evolucionado y el tratamiento quirúrgico de primera línea se encuentra actualmente bajo debate. Se ha demostrado que si se opta por una estrategia de «esperar y ver», más del 50% de los pacientes tienen un curso indolente. Por lo tanto, la estrategia terapéutica debe basarse en la presentación clínica, en un contexto multidisciplinario y en un centro con experiencia en este campo. En este artículo se propone una clasificación pronóstica que guía el enfoque terapéutico (AU)

Desmoid tumors are currently the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. More than 10% of these patients will develop these tumors during their lifetime and more than a third will suffer their consequences. The main risk factors for their development are female sex and abdominal surgery. The most frequent localization is intraabdominal. The therapeutic approach to these tumors has changed, and the surgical treatment of choice is currently the subject of debate. If a watch and wait approachis adopted, more than 50% of tumors will prove to be indolent. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy should be based on clinical presentation and should be decided by a multidisciplinary team working in a center with experience of these tumors. The present article proposes aprognostic classification to guide the therapeutic approach (AU)