White and Gray Matter Changes are Associated With Neurocognitive Decline in HIV Infection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and structural changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging in people living with HIV (PLWH) with good virological control on combination antiretroviral therapy, compared with socioeconomically matched control participants recruited from the same communities. METHODS: Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, and clinical and neuropsychological data were obtained from virologically controlled PLWH (viral load of <50 c/mL and at least 1 year of combination antiretroviral therapy) and socioeconomically matched control participants. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out on 3 T scanner with 8-channel head coils and segmented using Classification using Derivative-based Features. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the association between brain volume and various clinical and neuropsychiatric parameters adjusting for age, race, and sex. To evaluate longitudinal changes in brain volumes, a random coefficient model was used to evaluate the changes over time (age) adjusting for sex and race. RESULTS: The cross-sectional study included 164 PLWH and 51 controls, and the longitudinal study included 68 PLWH and 20 controls with 2 or more visits (mean 2.2 years, range 0.8-5.1 years). Gray matter (GM) atrophy rate was significantly higher in PLWH compared with control participants, and importantly, the GM and global atrophy was associated with the various neuropsychological domain scores. Higher volume of white matter hyperintensities were associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, and decreased executive functioning and memory domain scores in PLWH. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest ongoing neurological damage even in virologically controlled participants, with significant implications for clinical management of PLWH. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:941-950.

Dataset for SO2, SO3, H2SO4 and H2O infrared absorption spectra at 300° C and 350° C temperatures.

The data presented here consists of library spectra obtained for use with a laser absorption spectroscopy gas sensor. The spectra include absorbance data for SO2, SO3, H2O and H2SO4 at 300° C and 350° C temperatures in two wavelength bands, 7-8 µm and 8-9 µm. Datasets were collected in a heated multi-pass absorption Herriott cell using two tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser sources, with the resulting transmission signal measured using a thermoelectrically cooled MCT detector. The absorbance was calculated from measurements taken with and without gas samples and scaled for the length of the multi-pass cell. The data will be useful for scientists and engineers building SO3 and H2SO4 gas sensing equipment for emission monitoring, process control, and other applications.