RESUMO
The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroid associated or not with physical workouts disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) function homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and moderate swimming on the GI transit of solid meals, GI motor contractility, and intestinal histology in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups that received intramuscular injections of ND (5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (60.0 µL) and were submitted or not to swimming sessions (60 min, 5% body weight overload) for 4 weeks. Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, in vitro GI contractility, intestinal morphometry, and duodenal mucosal mast cells were evaluated in all experimental groups. ND treatment accelerated gastric emptying, slowed small intestine transit time, enhanced gastric carbachol-mediated reactivity, decreased crypt depth and villus height, reduced mucosal thickness, and increased the circular and longitudinal muscle layer thickness of the duodenum in sedentary rats. Moderate exercise accelerated intestinal transit time and reduced submucosa thickness. In vehicle-treated animals, a strong negative correlation was found between intestinal transit and mucosal mast cells, which was reversed by ND treatment. Combining ND treatment and swimming accelerated gastric emptying, increased duodenal cholinergic reactivity, inhibited the sodium nitroprusside relaxing response, increased the number of duodenal mast cells, decreased villus height, and increased the thickness of all muscle layers. ND changed the morphological and functional properties of the GI tract over time, with intense dysmotility, especially in sedentary animals, but moderate exercise seemed to have played a compensatory role in these harmful effects in the gut.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes , Duodeno , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Nandrolona , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Masculino , Decanoato de Nandrolona/farmacologia , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Natação , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroid associated or not with physical workouts disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) function homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and moderate swimming on the GI transit of solid meals, GI motor contractility, and intestinal histology in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups that received intramuscular injections of ND (5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (60.0 µL) and were submitted or not to swimming sessions (60 min, 5% body weight overload) for 4 weeks. Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, in vitro GI contractility, intestinal morphometry, and duodenal mucosal mast cells were evaluated in all experimental groups. ND treatment accelerated gastric emptying, slowed small intestine transit time, enhanced gastric carbachol-mediated reactivity, decreased crypt depth and villus height, reduced mucosal thickness, and increased the circular and longitudinal muscle layer thickness of the duodenum in sedentary rats. Moderate exercise accelerated intestinal transit time and reduced submucosa thickness. In vehicle-treated animals, a strong negative correlation was found between intestinal transit and mucosal mast cells, which was reversed by ND treatment. Combining ND treatment and swimming accelerated gastric emptying, increased duodenal cholinergic reactivity, inhibited the sodium nitroprusside relaxing response, increased the number of duodenal mast cells, decreased villus height, and increased the thickness of all muscle layers. ND changed the morphological and functional properties of the GI tract over time, with intense dysmotility, especially in sedentary animals, but moderate exercise seemed to have played a compensatory role in these harmful effects in the gut.
RESUMO
The interplay between obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) motility is contradictory, and the transgenerational influence on this parameter is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the GI function in a model of paternal obesity and two subsequent generations of their male offspring. Newborn male rats were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and composed the F1 generation, while control rats (CONT) received saline. At 90 days, male F1 were mated with non-obese females to obtain male offspring (F2), which later mated with non-obese females for obtaining male offspring of F3 generation. Lee Index analysis was adopted to set up the obesity groups. Alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) technique was employed to calculate GI transit parameters: mean gastric emptying time (MGET), mean cecum arrival time (MCAT), mean small intestinal transit time (MSITT), and gastric frequency and amplitude of contractions. Glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and duodenal morphometry were measured. F1 obese rats showed a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while obese rats from the F2 generation showed accelerated MGET and delayed MCAT and MSITT. Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2 generations. Insulin levels decreased in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in all three generations. Obesity may have paternal transgenerational transmission, and it provoked disturbances in the gastrointestinal function of three generations.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Exposição Paterna , Obesidade/etiologia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Leptina , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , InsulinaRESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a associaçäo entre o perímetro abdominal e o índice peso para estatura em crianças, comparando as médias de índices antropométricos e de proporcionalidade corporal entre crianças pelotenses com e sem déficit linear, peruanas e norte-americanas, por faixa etária. Métodos: Foram estudadas 386 crianças de 6 a 59 meses, residentes em bairro pobre de Pelotas, RS. Foram medidos e calculados 18 índices antropométricos. Resultados e Conclusöes: Crianças com déficit linear apresentaram índices antropométricos inferiores, comparativamente àquelas sem déficit e às norte-americanas; proporcionalmente à sua estatura, maiores perímetros abdominal, cefálico e torácico. As baixas prevalências de déficit de peso para estatura näo resultam de excesso de tecido adiposo ou de massa muscular e podem ser parcialmente explicadas por um aumento nas dimensöes da cabeça e do tronco (inclusive do perímetro abdominal) em relaçäo à estatura da criança
Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Antropometria , Peru , Estados Unidos , Peso-Estatura , Brasil , Estado Nutricional , Fatores Etários , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Foi realizado estudo transversal em uma amostra representativa da populaçäo adulta de Pelotas para determinar a prevalência de obesidade e os fatores a ela associados, tendo em vista o acentuado aumento de excesso de peso no Brasil, entre 1974 e 1989. Foram estudadas 1.035 pessoas com idade entre 20 e 69 anos, residentes na zona urbana do município. A obesidade foi definida a partir do índice de massa corporal (IMC) igual ou superior a 30 Kg/m2. A análise multivariada foi realizada considerando um modelo hierárquico das variáveis associadas com obesidade em ambos os sexos. A prevalência de obesidade foi de 21 por cento (IC95 por cento 18 - 23), sendo de 25 por cento (IC95 por cento 22 - 29) entre mulheres e 15 por cento (IC95 por cento 12 - 18) entre os homens. A relaçäo entre as variáveis socioeconomicas e a obesidade foi inversa entre as mulheres e direta entre os homens. Entre as mulheres, as variáveis que se mantiveram associadas significativamente com obesidade foram: obesidade dos pais, ocorrência de diabete ou hipertensäo, näo fumar, menor número de refeiçöes diárias e näo ter realizado exercício físico no lazer durante o último ano. Para os homens somente a ocorrência de obesidade nos pais e a hipertensäo arterial sistêmica estiveram significativamente associadas, enquanto a proteçäo do maior número de refeiçöes apresentou uma associaçäo quase significativa (p=0,07). Os resultados indicam que os determinantes de obesidade säo diferentes entre os sexos, ocorrendo em maior freqüência entre as mulheres e com o aumento da idade