Iron Pill-Induced Gastritis in the Paediatric Population.

Iron is the most common trace mineral in the body. The effects of iatrogenic iron pill-induced gastritis (IPIG) at therapeutic levels are underreported and underappreciated in the paediatric population. Herein, we report a case of an 11-year-old boy presenting with increasing epigastric pain and refusing oral intake secondary to iron pill tablets. We report only the second confirmed case of a paediatric patient with IPIG in the peer-reviewed literature.

Nutrition and growth in kidney disease: CARI guidelines.

The Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment (CARI) guidelines initiative is an Australia/New Zealand evidence based project that aims to provide high quality, evidence based clinical practice guidelines for the management of all stages of kidney disease. This article summarises CARI guidelines on Nutrition and growth in kidney disease and forms part of a series of articles on aspects of management of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency presenting as acute renal failure.

Hyperuricemia and secondary urate nephropathy are uncommon in the paediatric setting outside of tumour lysis syndrome. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented at 3 years of age with acute renal failure. The cause of this remained unknown until the development of uric acid renal calculi 9 years later. This, and the availability of the previously unknown family history, provided the subsequent diagnosis of partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. Detailed family history is important for early detection of this heterogeneous group of disorders. Early treatment may minimise long-term renal morbidity and mortality from renal insufficiency.

Long-term recombinant human growth hormone use in Australian children with renal disease.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used for 15 years to treat Australian children with short stature caused by chronic kidney disease. The Australia-wide growth hormone database, OZGROW, has prospectively collected data for all patients treated with rhGH. The impact of rhGH therapy on linear growth in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was assessed by retrospectively analysing this data. METHODS: Growth data prior to and during treatment, bone age, and pubertal data were recorded from the database. Questionnaire data provided further information on underlying renal disease, medication use, bone disease, and final height. Patients were classified according to treatment modality; conservative management of CRF, haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and transplant. RESULTS: Data on 183 patients were analysed. The duration of rhGH therapy ranged from 1.2 to 10.5 years (mean 5.3 years). The height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) in each patient group at the start and end of rhGH treatment were as follows: Predialysis: -2.6 to -2.1; dialysis: -2.7 to -2.3; transplant: -3.1 to -2.8 (P = 0.0001). Thirty-nine patients achieved final adult height, with mean Ht SDS before rhGH therapy being -2.65, and at final height it was 2.3. The mean final height for the males was 161.8 cm and for the females, it was 149.5 cm. CONCLUSION: The effect of treatment with rhGH was less dramatic than reported in the literature. However, the positive benefit of rhGH therapy was apparent both in the short and long-term. Therapy with rhGH maintained a steady Ht SDS with time; without rhGH, it would be anticipated that many children would show a steady decline in Ht SDS. The maximum benefit was seen in preterminal renal failure, and early therapy (before dialysis or transplantation) is recommended before an irrecoverable loss of height potential occurs.