Thermochromic Energy Efficient Windows: Fundamentals, Recent Advances, and Perspectives.

Thermochromic energy efficient windows represent an important protocol technology for advanced architectural windows with energy-saving capabilities through the intelligent regulation of indoor solar irradiation and the modulation of window optical properties in response to real-time temperature stimuli. In this review, recent progress in some promising thermochromic systems is summarized from the aspects of structures, the micro-/mesoscale regulation of thermochromic properties, and integration with other emerging energy techniques. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in thermochromic energy-efficient windows are outlined to promote future scientific investigations and practical applications in building energy conservation.

Identification of the potential active site of the septal peptidoglycan polymerase FtsW.

SEDS (Shape, Elongation, Division and Sporulation) proteins are widely conserved peptidoglycan (PG) glycosyltransferases that form complexes with class B penicillin-binding proteins (bPBPs, with transpeptidase activity) to synthesize PG during bacterial cell growth and division. Because of their crucial roles in bacterial morphogenesis, SEDS proteins are one of the most promising targets for the development of new antibiotics. However, how SEDS proteins recognize their substrate lipid II, the building block of the PG layer, and polymerize it into glycan strands is still not clear. In this study, we isolated and characterized dominant-negative alleles of FtsW, a SEDS protein critical for septal PG synthesis during bacterial cytokinesis. Interestingly, most of the dominant-negative FtsW mutations reside in extracellular loops that are highly conserved in the SEDS family. Moreover, these mutations are scattered around a central cavity in a modeled FtsW structure, which has been proposed to be the active site of SEDS proteins. Consistent with this, we found that these mutations blocked septal PG synthesis but did not affect FtsW localization to the division site, interaction with its partners nor its substrate lipid II. Taken together, these results suggest that the residues corresponding to the dominant-negative mutations likely constitute the active site of FtsW, which may aid in the design of FtsW inhibitors.

Two-Dimensional Sulfonate-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Efficient Lithium-Ion Sieving.

Two-dimensional (2D) membranes have shown promising potential for ion-selective separation but often suffer from the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Herein, we report an ultrathin 2D sulfonate-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) membrane for efficient lithium-ion sieving. The narrow pores with angstrom precision in the MOF assist hydrated ions to partially remove the hydration shell, according to different hydration energies. The abundant sulfonate groups in the MOF channels serve as hopping sites for fast lithium-ion transport, contributing to a high Li-ion permeability. Then, the difference in affinity of the Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ ions to the terminal sulfonate groups further enhances the Li-ion selectivity. The reported ultrathin MOF membrane overcomes the trade-off between permeability and selectivity and opens up a new avenue for highly permselective membranes.

Complement networks in gene-edited pig xenotransplantation: enhancing transplant success and addressing organ shortage.

The shortage of organs for transplantation emphasizes the urgent need for alternative solutions. Xenotransplantation has emerged as a promising option due to the greater availability of donor organs. However, significant hurdles such as hyperacute rejection and organ ischemia-reperfusion injury pose major challenges, largely orchestrated by the complement system, and activated immune responses. The complement system, a pivotal component of innate immunity, acts as a natural barrier for xenotransplantation. To address the challenges of immune rejection, gene-edited pigs have become a focal point, aiming to shield donor organs from human immune responses and enhance the overall success of xenotransplantation. This comprehensive review aims to illuminate strategies for regulating complement networks to optimize the efficacy of gene-edited pig xenotransplantation. We begin by exploring the impact of the complement system on the effectiveness of xenotransplantation. Subsequently, we delve into the evaluation of key complement regulators specific to gene-edited pigs. To further understand the status of xenotransplantation, we discuss preclinical studies that utilize gene-edited pigs as a viable source of organs. These investigations provide valuable insights into the feasibility and potential success of xenotransplantation, offering a bridge between scientific advancements and clinical application.

GmPIN-dependent polar auxin transport is involved in soybean nodule development.

To overcome nitrogen deficiency, legume roots establish symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia that are fostered in specialized organs (nodules). Similar to other organs, nodule formation is determined by a local maximum of the phytohormone auxin at the primordium site. However, how auxin regulates nodule development remains poorly understood. Here, we found that in soybean, (Glycine max), dynamic auxin transport driven by PIN-FORMED (PIN) transporter GmPIN1 is involved in nodule primordium formation. GmPIN1 was specifically expressed in nodule primordium cells and GmPIN1 was polarly localized in these cells. Two nodulation regulators, (iso)flavonoids trigger expanded distribution of GmPIN1b to root cortical cells, and cytokinin rearranges GmPIN1b polarity. Gmpin1abc triple mutants generated with CRISPR-Cas9 showed the impaired establishment of auxin maxima in nodule meristems and aberrant divisions in the nodule primordium cells. Moreover, overexpression of GmPIN1 suppressed nodule primordium initiation. GmPIN9d, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN2, acts together with GmPIN1 later in nodule development to acropetally transport auxin in vascular bundles, fine-tuning the auxin supply for nodule enlargement. Our findings reveal how PIN-dependent auxin transport modulates different aspects of soybean nodule development and suggest that the establishment of auxin gradient is a prerequisite for the proper interaction between legumes and rhizobia.

Health information-seeking experience in people with head and neck neoplasms undergoing treatment: a qualitative study.

PURPOSE: To describe the health information-seeking experience and its influencing factors of people with head and neck neoplasms undergoing treatment. METHODS: This was a descriptive phenomenology study. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling. The semistructured interviews and all observation results were recorded. The data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Fourteen participants were selected. We identified four themes that illustrate factors that influence the health information-seeking behaviour of participants: patients' awareness of health information needs, patients' competence, doctor-patient communication, and online advertising interference. We also determined the value of different types of information and patients' information needs and sources. CONCLUSION: These findings can help professionals understand patients' behaviours and think about how to deliver practical information support in a network environment to guide patients in continuous information seeking while taking specific factors into account.

Water-Responsive 3D Electronics for Smart Biological Interfaces.

Three-dimensional (3D) electronic systems with their potential for enhanced functionalities often require complex fabrication processes. This paper presents a water-based, stimuli-responsive approach for creating self-assembled 3D electronic systems, particularly suited for biorelated applications. We utilize laser scribing to programmatically shape a water-responsive bilayer, resulting in smart 3D electronic substrates. Control over the deformation direction, actuation time, and surface curvature of rolling structures is achieved by adjusting laser-scribing parameters, as validated through experiments and numerical simulations. Additionally, self-locking structures maintain the integrity of the 3D systems. This methodology enables the implementation of spiral twining electrodes for electrophysiological signal monitoring in plants. Furthermore, the integration of self-rolling electrodes onto peripheral nerves in a rodent model allows for stimulation and recording of in vivo neural activities with excellent biocompatibility. These innovations provide viable paths to next-generation 3D biointegrated electronic systems for life science studies and medical applications.

Genome-wide analysis of PIN genes in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.): identification, subcellular localization, evolution, and expression patterns.

BACKGROUND: Auxin is an important hormone in plants and the PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes are essential to auxin distribution in growth and developmental processes of plants. Peanut is an influential cash crop, but research into PIN genes in peanuts remains limited. RESULTS: In this study, 16 PIN genes were identified in the genome of cultivated peanut, resolving into four subfamilies. All PIN genes were predicted to be located in the plasma membrane and a subcellular location experiment confirmed this prediction for eight of them. The gene structure, cis-elements in the promoter, and evolutionary relationships were elucidated, facilitating our understanding of peanut PINs and their evolution. In addition, the expression patterns of these PINs in various tissues were analyzed according to a previously published transcriptome dataset and qRT-PCR, which gave us a clear understanding of the temporal and spatial expression of PIN genes in different growth stages and different tissues. The expression trend of homologous genes was similar. AhPIN2A and AhPIN2B exhibited predominant expression in roots. AhPIN1A-1 and AhPIN1B-1 displayed significant upregulation following peg penetration, suggesting a potential close association with peanut pod development. Furthermore, we presented the gene network and gene ontology enrichment of these PINs. Notably, AhABCB19 exhibited a co-expression relationship with AhPIN1A and AhPIN1B-1, with all three genes displaying higher expression levels in peanut pegs and pods. These findings reinforce their potential role in peanut pod development. CONCLUSIONS: This study details a comprehensive analysis of PIN genes in cultivated peanuts and lays the foundation for subsequent studies of peanut gene function and phenotype.

Regulation of hormone pathways in wheat infested by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici.

BACKGROUND: Wheat powdery mildew is an obligate biotrophic pathogen infecting wheat, which can pose a serious threat to wheat production. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on wheat leaves infected by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from 0 h to 7 d. RESULTS: KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the upstream biosynthetic pathways and downstream signal transduction pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene were highly enriched at all infection periods. Trend analysis showed that the expressions of hormone-related genes were significantly expressed from 1 to 4 d, suggesting that 1 d-4 d is the main period in which hormones play a defensive role. During this period of time, the salicylic acid pathway was up-regulated, while the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways were suppressed. Meanwhile, four key modules and 11 hub genes were identified, most of which were hormone related. CONCLUSION: This study improves the understanding of the dynamical responses of wheat to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infestation at the transcriptional level and provides a reference for screening core genes regulated by hormones.

Strontium ranelate enriched Ruminococcus albus in the gut microbiome of Sprague-Dawley rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiome is critical to our human health and is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis oral drug that can promote osteoblast formation and inhibit osteoclast formation. However, the effect of SrR on gut microbiome has been rarely studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of oral SrR on gut microbiome and metabolic profiles. RESULTS: In this study, we used ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats to construct a PMO model and applied oral SrR for 6 weeks. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiome was investigated by 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to analyze changes in metabolites of intestinal contents. Results demonstrated that 6-week oral SrR alleviated osteoporosis and significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolic profiles of OVX rats. Ruminococcus, Akkermansia and Oscillospira were significantly enriched in the gut of OVX rats after 6-week oral SrR. Especially, the species R. albus showed the greatest importance by a random forest classifier between OVX and OVX_Sr group. The enrichment of R. albus in the gut was positively correlated with bone mineral density and the accumulation of lycopene and glutaric acid, which also significantly elevated after oral SrR. CONCLUSIONS: We discovered that oral SrR can improve bone health while stimulate the accumulation of gut microbe R. albus and metabolites (lycopene and glutaric acid). The results suggested possible connections between oral SrR and the gut-bone axis, which may provide new insight into the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis.

Click postsynthesis of microporous organic network@silica composites for reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography.

Recently, the good physical and chemical properties, well-defined pore architectures, and designable topologies have made microporous organic networks (MONs) excellent potential candidates in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, their superior hydrophobic structures restrict their application in the reversed-phase mode. To solve this obstacle and to expand the application of MONs in HPLC, we realized the thiol-yne "click" postsynthesis of a novel hydrophilic MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER (MER denotes mercaptosuccinic acid) microsphere for reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mixed-mode chromatography. SiO2 was initially decorated with MON-2COOH using 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid and tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane as monomers, and MER was then grafted via thiol-yne click reaction to yield MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER microspheres (5 µm) with a pore size of ~1.3 nm. The -COOH groups in 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid and the post-modified MER molecules considerably improved the hydrophilicity of pristine MON and enhanced the hydrophilic interactions between the stationary phase and analytes. The retention mechanisms of the MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER packed column were fully discussed with diverse hydrophobic and hydrophilic probes. Benefiting from the numerous -COOH recognition sites and benzene rings within MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER, the packed column exhibited good resolution for the separation of sulfonamides, deoxynucleosides, alkaloids, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A column efficiency of 27,556 plates per meter was obtained for the separation of gastrodin. The separation performance of the MON-2COOH@SiO2-MER packed column was also demonstrated by comparing with those of MON-2COOH@SiO2, commercial C18, ZIC-HILIC, and bare SiO2 columns. This work highlights the good potential of the thiol-yne click postsynthesis strategy to construct MON-based stationary phases for mixed-mode chromatography.

Studies on the Prediction and Extraction of Methanol and Dimethyl Carbonate by Hydroxyl Ammonium Ionic Liquids.

The separation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methanol is of great significance in industry. In this study, ionic liquids (ILs) were employed as extractants for the efficient separation of methanol from DMC. Using the COSMO-RS model, the extraction performance of ILs consisting of 22 anions and 15 cations was calculated, and the results showed that the extraction performance of ILs with hydroxylamine as the cation was much better. The extraction mechanism of these functionalized ILs was analyzed by molecular interaction and the σ-profile method. The results showed that the hydrogen bonding energy dominated the interaction force between the IL and methanol, and the molecular interaction between the IL and DMC was mainly Van der Waals force. The molecular interaction changes with the type of anion and cation, which in turn affects the extraction performance of ILs. Five hydroxyl ammonium ILs were screened and synthesized for extraction experiments to verify the reliability of the COSMO-RS model. The results showed that the order of selectivity of ILs predicted by the COSMO-RS model was consistent with the experimental results, and ethanolamine acetate ([MEA][Ac]) had the best extraction performance. After four regeneration and reuse cycles, the extraction performance of [MEA][Ac] was not notably reduced, and it is expected to have industrial applications in the separation of methanol and DMC.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Chinese version of career success in nursing scale (CSNS).

OBJECTIVE: To translate the career success in nursing scale (CSNS) into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties. BACKGROUND: A lower sense of career success seriously affects the enthusiasm of nurses and increases their turnover rate. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the career success level of nurses is necessary. However, China does not have a professional tool for assessing the career success of nurses. METHODS: The stratified sampling method was used to recruit participants from 22 hospitals of different grades in 5 cities in China. A total of 650 and 348 subjects were selected for item analysis and reliability and validity tests, respectively, of the translated initial scale. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the CSNS (C-CSNS) with 33 items had good psychometric properties. Cronbach's α was 0.960, split-half reliability was 0.893, and ICC within two weeks was 0.981. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors that explained 63.73% of the total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis supported acceptable construct validity. CONCLUSION: The C-CSNS has adequate construct validity and excellent psychometric properties and can be used for accurate assessment of nurses' career success. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: A new tool that is more suitable for the Chinese hospital nursing context is available for evaluating Chinese clinical nurses' career success. Nursing managers can formulate appropriate management strategies according to the evaluation results to assist nurses in career development planning, thereby improving their career success level.

Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Seneca Valley Virus.

Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is related to vesicular disease in pigs, and its clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from other notifiable clinical symptoms of vesicular disease such as foot-and-mouth disease. The rapid and accurate detection of SVV is essential to confirm the pathogenic factors and initiate the implementation of control measures. The development of a rapid, simple, convenient, and low-cost molecular (nucleic acid amplification) test that can be used at the sample collection point has been identified as a key component for controlling SVV. This study describes the development and demonstration of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) test targeting the conserved regions of SVV for detection of SVV. The Primers and probes designed by us have shown good sensitivity and specificity in RPA test, which is helpful for RPA to be an effective tool for rapid diagnosis of SVV.

A Novel Role of Nogo Proteins: Regulating Macrophages in Inflammatory Disease.

Nogo proteins, also known as Reticulon-4, have been identified as myelin-derived inhibitors of neurite outgrowth in the central nervous system (CNS). There are three Nogo variants, Nogo-A, Nogo-B and Nogo-C. Recent studies have shown that Nogo-A/B is abundant in macrophages and may have a wider effect on inflammation. In this review, we focus mainly on the possible roles of Nogo-A/B on polarization and recruitment of macrophages and their involvement in a variety of inflammatory diseases. We then discuss the Nogo receptor1 (NgR1), a common receptor for Nogo proteins that is also abundant in microglia/macrophage in the CNS. Interaction of Nogo and NgR1 in microglia/macrophage may affect the adhesion and polarization of macrophages that are involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Overall, this review provides insights into the roles of Nogo proteins in regulating macrophage functions and suggests that, potentially, Nogo proteins maybe a new target in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Previous studies have established an association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). The disease burden of IBD in PSC patients was not well estimated. The study aimed to quantify the pooled prevalence of IBD in PSC and to investigate whether subtypes of PSC and sex influence the prevalence of IBD. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through November 2021 for studies reporting data on IBD among PSC patients. The outcomes were the prevalence of IBD in patients with PSC, as well as the association (odds ratio [OR]) of IBD in PSC according to subtype and sex. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of 25 studies, the prevalence of IBD in patients with PSC was 71.1% (95% CI 68.2-75.1%), most commonly in UC (55.9%, 95% CI 52.5-59.3%). The pooled prevalence of IBD was 76.9% in Australia (95% CI 71.2-82.6%, 1 study), 75.9% (95% CI 69.5-82.3%, 4 studies) in North America, 70.9% (95% CI 65.8-76.0%, 17 studies) in Europe and 67.0% (95% CI 57.9-76.0%, 2 studies) in Asia. Male PSC patients had a higher prevalence of IBD (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.52-1.83) and UC (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.56-2.63) and a lower prevalence of CD (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88) than female patients. Large duct PSC patients had a higher prevalence of IBD (OR 2.57, 95% CI 2.03-3.25) and UC (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.22-16.71) than small duct PSC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided the first pooled estimates of the burden of IBD in patients with PSC and could be used as the basis for risk stratification of PSC patients.

Copper phyllosilicate-derived ultrafine copper nanoparticles with plenty of Cu0and Cu+ for the enhanced catalytic performance of ethylene carbonate hydrogenation to methanol.

The hydrogenation of CO2-derived carbonates to methanol is an alternative route for the indirect utilization of abundant C1 sources. Various Cu/SiO2catalysts with different copper loading content prepared by using an ammonia evaporation hydrothermal method are implemented to evaluate the catalytic performance of ethylene carbonate (EC) hydrogenation to methanol and ethylene glycol (EG). The Cu loading content was identified to significantly affect the Cu nanoparticles (NPs) size and metal-support interaction. Highly dispersed Cu NPs restricted and embedded in copper phyllosilicate presented a smaller average particle size than the impregnated Cu/SiO2-IM catalyst. ThexCu/SiO2catalyst with ultrafine Cu NPs showed abundant Cu-O-Si interfaces, acidic sites, and coherent Cu0and Cu+species. The 5Cu/SiO2catalyst achieved methanol yield of 76% and EG yield of 98% at EC conversion of 99%, and no obvious deactivation was observed after long-term operation. The superior catalytic performance of the 5Cu/SiO2catalyst is attributed to the synergetic effect between the appropriate Cu0surface area which provides sufficient active hydrogen, and the atomic ratio of Cu+for the polarization and activation of carbon-oxygen bonds.

Effects of Baduanjin exercise in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after chemoradiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese Baduanjin Qigong exercises on the physical and psychological recovery of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Eighty-eight nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had completed chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into the Baduanjin intervention group (n = 44) and the control group (n = 44). Patients in the intervention group practised Baduanjin exercise for 12 weeks, with the frequency of 40 min a day and 5 days a week after discharge from the hospital. Participants in the control group received usual care. Outcome indicators included quality of life (QOL), complications, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations were compared using univariate analysis of variance. Partial eta squared was used as a measure of the effect size. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients completed the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, after 12 weeks of exercise intervention, there were significant increases in the global FACT-H&N (95% CI = 2.09 to 11.47, ηp2 = 0.088), social/family well-being (95% CI = 0.13 to 2.26, ηp2 = 0.055), emotional well-being (95% CI = 0.34 to 2.44, ηp2 = 0.074), and head and neck cancer subscale scores (95% CI = 0.17 to 3.86, ηp2 = 0.052) in the Baduanjin group compared with the control group at the 12th week. In the per-protocol analysis, there were significant increases in the global FACT-H&N (95% CI = 4.11 to 11.75, ηp2 = 0.190), physical well-being (95% CI: 0.50 to 3.04, ηp2 = 0.096), social/family well-being (95% CI: 0.32 to 2.15, ηp2 = 0.090), emotional well-being (95% CI: 0.60 to 2.53, ηp2 = 0.125), functional well-being (95% CI: 0.25 to 2.49, ηp2 = 0.075), and head and neck cancer subscale (95% CI: 1.08 to 4.08, ηp2 = 0.139) scores in the Baduanjin group compared with the control group at the 12th week. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicate that Baduanjin exercise is an effective and appropriate intervention for improving quality of life and is worthy of recommendation and implementation by oncology nurses in the rehabilitation process of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

A network of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding sites regulates gating of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1 (TMEM16A).

ANO1 (TMEM16A) is a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel that regulates diverse cellular functions including fluid secretion, neuronal excitability, and smooth muscle contraction. ANO1 is activated by elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ and modulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Here, we describe a closely concerted experimental and computational study, including electrophysiology, mutagenesis, functional assays, and extended sampling of lipid-protein interactions with molecular dynamics (MD) to characterize PI(4,5)P2 binding modes and sites on ANO1. ANO1 currents in excised inside-out patches activated by 270 nM Ca2+ at +100 mV are increased by exogenous PI(4,5)P2 with an EC50 = 1.24 µM. The effect of PI(4,5)P2 is dependent on membrane voltage and Ca2+ and is explained by a stabilization of the ANO1 Ca2+-bound open state. Unbiased atomistic MD simulations with 1.4 mol% PI(4,5)P2 in a phosphatidylcholine bilayer identified 8 binding sites with significant probability of binding PI(4,5)P2 Three of these sites captured 85% of all ANO1-PI(4,5)P2 interactions. Mutagenesis of basic amino acids near the membrane-cytosol interface found 3 regions of ANO1 critical for PI(4,5)P2 regulation that correspond to the same 3 sites identified by MD. PI(4,5)P2 is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between amino acid side chains and phosphate/hydroxyl groups on PI(4,5)P2 Binding of PI(4,5)P2 alters the position of the cytoplasmic extension of TM6, which plays a crucial role in ANO1 channel gating, and increases the accessibility of the inner vestibule to Cl- ions. We propose a model consisting of a network of 3 PI(4,5)P2 binding sites at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane allosterically regulating ANO1 channel gating.

Donor-Acceptor Molecule Based High-Performance Photothermal Organic Material for Efficient Water Purification and Electricity Generation.

In this contribution, a unique donor-acceptor conjugated organic-small-molecule photothermal material, namely GDPA-QCN, is presented. Bulky dendritic triphenylamine (GDPA) was grafted onto quinoxaline-6,7-dicarbonitrile (QCN) with a phenyl ring as a bridge to form an "umbrella" architecture. Benefited from the particular molecular structure, in solid state, GDPA-QCN molecules adopted a loose packing mode due to the steric effect of "umbrella head" dendritic triphenylamine and flexible molecular structure feature, which allows efficient intramolecular motions and consequently elevates energy dissipation by taking the pathway of thermal deactivation within broad absorption range. The GDPA-QCN solid has high solar-thermal conversion efficiency with an absorption range from 300 to 1100 nm, which can promote superior water purification and electricity generation performance.