Interpersonal protective factors for LGBTQ+ youth at multiple intersecting social identities and positions.

Interpersonal supports are protective against multiple negative health outcomes for youth such as emotional distress and substance use. However, finding interpersonal support may be difficult for youth exposed to intersecting racism, heterosexism, and cisgenderism, who may feel they are "outsiders within" their multiple communities. This study explores disparities in interpersonal supports for youth at different sociodemographic intersections. The 2019 Minnesota Student Survey includes data from 80,456 high school students, including measures of four interpersonal supports: feeling cared about by parents, other adult relatives, friends, and community adults. Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to examine all interactions among four social identities/positions (racialized/ethnic identity, sexual identity, gender identity, sex assigned at birth) to identify groups who report different rates of caring from each source (Bonferroni adjusted p<.05). In the overall sample, 69.24% perceived the highest level of caring ("very much") from parents, 50.09% from other adult relatives, 39.94% from friends, and 15.03% from community adults. Models identified considerable differences in each source of support. For example, more than 72% of straight, cisgender youth reported their parents cared about them very much, but youth who identified as LGBQ and TGD or gender-questioning were much less likely to report high parent caring (less than 36%) across multiple racialized/ethnic identities and regardless of sex assigned at birth. Findings highlight the importance of better understanding the ways interpersonal support might differ across groups, and underscore a need for intersectionality-tailored interventions to develop protective interpersonal supports for LGBTQ+ youth, rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.

UNDERSTANDING FEAR OF DEPORTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE ACCESS AMONG IMMIGRANT LATINX MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN.

Purpose: Fear of deportation and its relationship to healthcare access has been less studied among immigrant Latinx men who have sex with men (MSM), a population at risk for HIV and characterized by their multiple minority statuses. The first step is to accurately measure their fear of deportation. Approach: We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Eligibility criteria were that research participants be ages 18-34 years; Latinx; cisgender male; having had sex with another male; residing in the District of Columbia metro area; and not a US citizen or legal permanent resident. In Study 1, we used in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. Using participants' interview responses, we inductively generated 15 items for a fear of deportation scale. In Study 2, we used survey data to assess the scale's psychometric properties. We conducted independent samples t-test on the associations between scale scores and barriers to healthcare access. Findings: For the 20 participants in Study 1, fear of deportation resulted in chronic anxiety. Participants managed their fear through vigilance, and behaviors restricting their movement and social network engagement. In Study 2, we used data from 86 mostly undocumented participants. The scale was internally consistent (α = 0.89) and had a single factor. Those with higher fear of deportation scores were significantly more likely to report avoiding healthcare because they were worried about their immigration status (p = 0.007). Originality: We described how fear of deportation limits healthcare access for immigrant Latinx MSM. Research implications: Future research should examine fear of deportation and HIV risk among immigrant Latinx MSM.

Integrative review of the evaluation of health communication campaigns for HIV prevention in Latin American mass media / Revisão integrativa sobre avaliação das campanhas de comunicação em saúde para prevenção do HIV nos meios de comunicação da América Latina / Revisión integradora sobre la evaluación de las campañas de comunicación en salud para la prevención del VIH en medios de comunicación masiva en América Latina

An integrative review of the literature of the last thirty years on evaluations of HIV prevention strategies implemented in the mass media in Latin America was conducted. A total of 246 documents were identified, of which 12 met the selection criteria and 15 campaign evaluations were identified. The results indicate that the most commonly used message was to promote the use of condoms. Most evaluations focused on remembering the message of campaigns and media exposure. Only three yield results on knowledge assessments and two on attitudes to condom use; nine reported behavioral changes. In conclusion, there are few articles with evaluation results. The assessment of behaviors is increasingly taken into account. Pre-experimental evaluation designs are used.(AU)

Foi feita uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos últimos trinta anos sobre avaliações de estratégias de prevenção ao HIV implementadas nos meios de comunicação de massa na América Latina. Foram identificados 246 documentos, dos quais 12 atenderam aos criterios de seleção e 15 avaliações de campanhas foram identificadas. Os resultados indicam que a mensagem mais usada foi promover o uso de preservativos. A maioria das avaliações focou em lembrar a mensagem das campanhas. Apenas três apresentam resultados de avaliações do conhecimento e outros dois sobre a atitude em relação ao uso de preservativos. Cerca de nove relataram mudanças comportamentais. Concluindo, existem poucos artigos com resultados de avaliação desse tipo de campanhas. A avaliação comportamental é cada vez mais levada em consideração. Desenhos de avaliação pré-experimental com uma única medida pós-teste e sem um grupo controle são utilizados.(AU)

Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura de los últimos treinta años sobre las evaluaciones de las estrategias de prevención del VIH implementadas en los medios de comunicación masiva en América Latina. Se identificaron 246 documentos, de los cuales 12 cumplieron los criterios de selección, y se identificaron 15 evaluaciones de campañas. Los resultados indican que el mensaje más utilizado era promover el uso del condón. La mayoría de las evaluaciones se centraban en recordar el mensaje de las campañas. Solo tres arrojan resultados de evaluaciones de conocimientos y otras dos sobre la actitud frente al uso del condón. Acerca de nueve cambios de comportamiento. En conclusión, existen pocos artículos con resultados de evaluación de este tipo de campañas. Se utilizan diseños de evaluación pre-experimentales con una única medida pos-test y sin grupo control.(AU)