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1.
Occup Environ Med ; 2021 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34039758

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been one of the most severely affected groups during the COVID-19 pandemic, though few studies have sought to determine the rate of undiagnosed cases among this population. In this study, we aim to determine the rate of undetected infection in HCWs, a potential source of nosocomial infection. METHODS: Serological screening for IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was carried out among HCWs from four different hospitals in Madrid, Spain, from 6 April to 25 April 2020; HCWs with a previous diagnosis of infection based on real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay performed after presenting compatible symptoms were excluded. Prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies was calculated among HCWs to obtain the rate of COVID-19 presence of antibodies in each hospital. RESULTS: Of the 7121 HCWs studied, 6344 (89.09%) had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. A total of 5995 HCWs finally participated in the study, resulting in a participation rate of 94.49%. A positive IgM or IgG test against COVID-19 was revealed in 16.21% of the HCWs studied (n=972). CONCLUSION: This study reveals the importance of early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs to prevent nosocomial infection and exposure of patients, visitors and workers and the spread of COVID-19 in the overall community.

2.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 23(2): 272-276, 2020 04 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32320547

RESUMO

The return to work process following a prolonged medical leave includes an assessment of both work capacity and ability to meet essential job functions. We present the case of an administrative assistant with a congenital vocal cord injury who was denied total permanent disability. The initial fitness for duty examination after her prolonged absence resulted in a determination of fitness, but with limitations. After performing a risk assessment and review of the essential job functions of her occupation, she was dismissed based on inability to meet the essential demands of the job. Assessments of work capacity/disability must be multidisciplinary, integrating the diagnosis, treatment, course of the illness, and conducted from both a preventive and work perspective.


El retorno al trabajo tras una baja médica prolongada comporta una valoración tanto de la capacidad laboral como de la aptitud para el trabajo. Nos encontramos con una trabajadora auxiliar administrativa con lesión congénita en cuerdas vocales, a quien se le deniega la incapacidad permanente total. Es valorada en el reconocimiento médico tras ausencia prolongada resultando apta con limitaciones. Tras la revisión de la evaluación de riesgos de su puesto y de todos los compatibles con su categoría profesional se procede a despido objetivo por ineptitud sobrevenida. La valoración de la capacidad/incapacidad laboral debe ser una valoración multidisciplinar, contemplando de forma integrada el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la evolución, la perspectiva preventiva y la laboral.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Prega Vocal/lesões , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Ocupações , Medição de Risco
3.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab;30(2)jun. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-230687

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir los grupos focales realizados como medida preventiva derivada de la evaluación de riesgos psicosocial en trabajadores de dos hospitales. Material y Métodos: Derivado de la evaluación de riesgos psicosocial se realizaron grupos focales por trabajadores homogéneos, que estuvieran integrados por trabajadores, servicio de prevención, mando intermedio y delegado de prevención para evaluar la carga de trabajo. Resultados: Los trabajadores han evaluado variables para obtener conclusiones y han aportado sus experiencias así como opiniones y puntos de vista de los factores o situaciones que afectan su carga de trabajo, aportando ideas y medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: Se recomienda esta metodología como medida preventiva, permite darles voz a los trabajadores, su participación activa, que se sientan parte del proceso preventivo, se cumple la ley de prevención referente a la integración de la prevención en la empresa, en el conjunto de sus actividades (AU)


Objective: Describe the focus groups performed as a preventive measure derived from the psychosocial risk assessment in workers from two hospitals. Material and Methods: Derived from the evaluation of psychosocial risks, focus groups were carried out by homogeneous workers, which were made up of workers, prevention service, middle management and prevention delegate to evaluate the workload. Results: The workers have evaluated variables to obtain conclusions and have contributed their experiences as well as opinions and points of view of the factors or situations that affect their workload, providing ideas and preventive measures. Conclusions: This methodology is recommended as a preventive measure, it allows workers to be given a voice, their active participation, that they feel part of the preventive process, the prevention law regarding the integration of prevention in the company is complied with, in all its activities (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Ocupacional , Grupos Focais , Prevenção Primária , Fatores de Risco
4.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab;30(1)mar. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-230022

RESUMO

Las enfermedades de Steinert e Hirayama son dos entidades etiológicamente distintas que afectan el sistema locomotor con implicaciones neurológicas, catalogadas como raras suelen manifestarse de manera temprana en adultos o jóvenes en actividad laboral. La enfermedad de Steinert es una miopatía autosómica dominante que combina distintos grados de debilidad muscular y cansancio crónico. A su vez la enfermedad de Hirayama es una mielopatía cervical que causa debilidad y atrofia distal de los miembros superiores, clínicas que afectan la funcionalidad de la persona. La Medicina del Trabajo se enfrenta a retos en procura de conciliar la actividad del trabajador en el ejercicio de sus tareas con las patologías de base en busca de una buena adecuación del puesto de trabajo (AU)


Steinert and Hirayama diseases are two etiologically different entities that affect the locomotor system with neurological implications, classified as rare, usually manifest early in adults or young people in work activity. Steinert's disease is an autosomal dominant myopathy that combines varying degrees of muscle weakness and chronic fatigue. In turn, Hirayama disease is a cervical myelopathy that causes weakness and distal atrophy of the upper limbs, clinics that affect the functionality of the person. Occupational Medicine faces challenges in trying to reconcile the activity of the worker in the exercise of their tasks with the underlying pathologies in search of a good adaptation of the job (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Distrofia Miotônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Saúde Ocupacional
5.
Med. segur. trab ; 67(262)ene.-mar. 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-225389

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo Disminuir el área de incertidumbre con la comprensión de la sintomatología y la caracterización clínica dentro del entorno hospitalario. Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo comparativo, donde se revisaron y compararon las manifestaciones clínicas de 255 trabajadores sanitarios con COVID-19 durante la primera ola (marzo-abril 2020). De acuerdo a las características se hizo el análisis de los resultados utilizando las pruebas chi cuadrado, U de Mann-Whitney/w de Wilcoxon y las medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: La anosmia y la ageusia tuvieron un vínculo estadísticamente significativo con la obtención de un resultado positivo en la PCR: Anosmia p=0,001; Ageusia: p=0,00; fiebre (p=0,01) y la odinofagia (p=0,03). La tos 75,56%, mialgias 68,11%, cefalea 43,53%, anosmia 37,25%, fiebre 34,12 % y ageusia 31,76% sobresalieron dentro de los síntomas. La positividad de la PCR tras el inicio de los síntomas estuvo entre 1.5 a 4 días. Conclusiones: Es primordial utilizar un enfoque que al menos incluya la fiebre, anosmia o ageusia al establecer aislamiento y la determinación de pruebas diagnósticas. La caracterización clínica es fundamental para poder establecer estrategias sanitarias efectivas. Nuevas variantes del SARS CoV-2 podrían alterar la efectividad de estas estrategias. (AU)


Introduction: Le objective is reduce the area of uncertainty with the understanding of the symptoms and the clinical characterization within the hospital environment. Method: This is a comparative descriptive study, where the clinical manifestations of 255 healthcare workers with COVID-19 during the first wave (March-April 2020) were reviewed and compared. According to the characteristics, the analysis of the results was performed using the chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U / w. Wilcoxon and measures of central tendency. Results: Anosmia and ageusia had a statistically significant relationship with obtaining a positive result in the PCR: Anosmia p = 0.001; Ageusia: p = 0.00; fever (p = 0.01) and odynophagia (p = 0.03). Cough 75.56%, myalgia 68.11%, headache 43.53%, anosmia 37.25%, fever 34.12% and ageusia 31.76% stood out among the symptoms. The positivity of the PCR after the onset of symptoms was between 1.5 to 4 days. Conclusions: It is essential to use an approach that at least includes fever, anosmia or ageusia when establishing isolation and determining diagnostic tests. Clinical characterization is essential to be able to establish effective health strategies. New variants of SARS CoV-2 could alter the effectiveness of these strategies. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Espanha/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico
6.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 23(2): 272-276, abr.-jun. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-194808

RESUMO

El retorno al trabajo tras una baja médica prolongada comporta una valoración tanto de la capacidad laboral como de la aptitud para el trabajo. Nos encontramos con una trabajadora auxiliar administrativa con lesión congénita en cuerdas vocales, a quien se le deniega la incapacidad permanente total. Es valorada en el reconocimiento médico tras ausencia prolongada resultando apta con limitaciones. Tras la revisión de la evaluación de riesgos de su puesto y de todos los compatibles con su categoría profesional se procede a despido objetivo por ineptitud sobrevenida. La valoración de la capacidad/incapacidad laboral debe ser una valoración multidisciplinar, contemplando de forma integrada el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la evolución, la perspectiva preventiva y la laboral


The return to work process following a prolonged medical leave includes an assessment of both work capacity and ability to meet essential job functions. We present the case of an administrative assistant with a congenital vocal cord injury who was denied total permanent disability. The initial fitness for duty examination after her prolonged absence resulted in a determination of fitness, but with limitations. After performing a risk assessment and review of the essential job functions of her occupation, she was dismissed based on inability to meet the essential demands of the job. Assessments of work capacity/disability must be multidisciplinary, integrating the diagnosis, treatment, course of the illness, and conducted from both a preventive and work perspective


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aptidão , Avaliação da Deficiência , Afonia/congênito , Afonia/diagnóstico , Absenteísmo
7.
Am J Case Rep ; 16: 60-4, 2015 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25656418

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sacral stress fracture during pregnancy is an uncommon condition with unclear pathophysiology, presenting with non-specific symptoms and clinical findings. To date, few cases have been published in the literature describing the occurrence of sacral stress fracture during pregnancy. CASE REPORT: We report a 28-year-old primigravid patient who developed lumbosacral pain at the end of the second trimester. Symptoms were overlooked throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, resulting in the development of secondary chronic gait and balance problems. CONCLUSIONS: Stress fracture of the sacrum should be included in the differential diagnosis of low back and sacral pain during pregnancy. Its prevalence is probably underestimated because of the lack of specificity of the symptoms. Plain radiographs are not appropriate due to radiation exclusion; magnetic resonance is the only method that can be applied safely. There is limited information on natural history but many patients are expected to have a benign course. However, misdiagnosis may lead to prolonged morbidity and the development of secondary gait abnormalities. Stress fracture of the sacrum should be included in the differential diagnosis of low back and sacral pain during pregnancy. A high index of suspicion is necessary to establish an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.


Assuntos
Erros de Diagnóstico , Fraturas de Estresse/complicações , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Complicações na Gravidez , Sacro/lesões , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fraturas de Estresse/diagnóstico , Humanos , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Gravidez , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico
8.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab;29(4): 374-385, dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-201248

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Comprobar la relación entre felicidad y salud. Material y MÉTODOS: Se encontraron un total de 863 artículos que fueron seleccionados inicialmente. Se procedió a la revisión de los resúmenes de esta selección y se verificó el tema de búsqueda y la duplicación de artículos. Se seleccionaron inicialmente 37 artículos y de estos se excluyeron 18 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión o porque no se pudo obtener acceso al texto completo. Finalmente se incluyeron en la investigación 19 artículos para ser revisados a profundidad. RESULTADOS:19 artículos seleccionados. CONCLUSIONES: podemos señalar que mayores niveles de bienestar y felicidad influyen de forma positiva en la salud de las personas, disminuyendo el riesgo cardiovascular, los estados inflamatorios, incluso retrasando el envejecimiento celular. Investigaciones posteriores deberán profundizar en su análisis a fin de solventar algunas limitaciones presentes en los artículos revisados


OBJECTIVE: To check the relationship between happiness and health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 863 articles were found that were initially selected. The abstracts of this selection were reviewed and the search topic and duplication of articles were verified. 37 articles were initially selected and 18 of these were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or because the full text could not be accessed. Finally, 19 articles were included in the investigation to be reviewed in depth. RESULTS:19 selected articles. CONCLUSIONS: We can point out that higher levels of well-being and happiness positively influence people's health, decreasing cardiovascular risk, inflammatory states, even delaying cellular aging. Subsequent investigations should deepen their analysis in order to overcome some limitations present in the articles reviewed


Assuntos
Humanos , Felicidade , Saúde , Ansiedade/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Doenças Cardiovasculares/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Otimismo/psicologia
9.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab;28(2): 136-143, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-186005

RESUMO

Introducción: el diagnóstico, notificación y seguimiento precoz de casos de Enfermedad Meningocócica en el ámbito laboral hospitalario, previene la aparición de casos secundarios. Objetivos: Describir la enfermedad, analizar los protocolos postexposición existentes, presentar un caso clínico y analizar la implementación del protocolo postexposición hospitalario propio. Metodología: tras ingreso en el hospital de un paciente con sospecha clínica y las diferentes comunicaciones interdepartamentales, "Salud Laboral" elaboró un listado de trabajadores con contacto de riesgo y pautó quimioprofilaxis urgente. Posteriormente, el centro nacional de Microbiología comunicó el aislamiento de Meningococo B y la necesidad de vacunación de los trabajadores. Discusión: la Enfermedad Meningocócica es de aparición brusca, evolución rápida y consecuencias graves, creándose un entorno de alarma entre los trabajadores y requiriéndose una información adecuada (qué se considera exposición de riesgo y quimioprofilaxis específica). Conclusión: los profesionales de Salud Laboral debemos aunar esfuerzos para promover conductas responsables entre los trabajadores expuestos


Introduction: the diagnosis, notification and early follow-up of cases of Meningococcal Disease in the hospital work environment, prevents the occurrence of secondary cases. Objectives: describe the disease, analyze the existing post-exposure protocols, present a clinical case and analyze the implementation of the hospital post-exposure protocol itself. Methodology: after hospital admission of a patient with clinical suspicion and the different interdepartmental communications, "Occupational Health" elaborated a list of workers with risk contact and prescribed urgent chemoprophylaxis. Subsequently, the national center of Microbiology reported the isolation of Meningococo B and the need for vaccination of workers. Discussion: meningococcal disease is sudden onset, rapid evolution and serious consequences, creating an alarm environment among workers and requiring adequate information (what is considered risk exposure and specific chemoprophylaxis).Conclusion: occupational health professionals must join forces to promote responsible behavior among exposed workers


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Infecções Meningocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo B , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Quimioprevenção , Recursos Humanos em Hospital
10.
11.
Med. segur. trab ; 57(224): 224-241, jul.-sept. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-98971

RESUMO

La sociedad actual que funciona 24 horas al día, obliga a las organizaciones y en consecuencia a sus empleados a someterse a horarios de trabajo que van en contra del ritmo natural de la vida. El horario por turno y las guardias, fuera de las horas normales del día, es un tema que cobra importancia, ya que son muchas las implicaciones que esto trae como consecuencia en la salud física y mental de quienes lo realizan. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica existente la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas en la aparición del síndrome de Burnout en médicos y enfermeras. Método: Varias bases de datos han sido analizadas (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane), con descriptores específicos y según criterios de inclusión se ha obtenido la bibliografía. Resultados: Se localizaron 40 artículos. De los cuales, 16 (40%) corresponden a estudios en enfermeras y 24 (60%) sobre médicos, principalmente médicos en formación. Parece existir una relación de la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas con la aparición del síndrome de Burnout, en médicos y enfermeras. Conclusión: La identificación de los factores de riesgo psicosocial a los que pueden estar expuestos los médicos permitirá adoptar medidas preventivas, que pueden ser útiles para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de este colectivo profesional (AU)


Society today works 24 hours a day, forcing organizations and their employees to submit work schedules that go against the natural rhythm of life. Shift work and night work, is an issue that is becoming important, as there are important consequences in physical and mental health of those who work this way. Objective: Analyze the existing scientific evidence of the influence of shift work and night shifts in the onset of burnout syndrome among physicians and nurses. Method: Several databases have been reviewed (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane), with specific descriptors and bibliography has been obtained according to the criteria of inclusion. Results: 40 articles were located, of which 16 (40%) were studies of nurses and 24 (60%) of physicians, mostly physicians studying their specialty. There seems to be a relationship of the influence of shift work and night shifts with the appearance of burnout syndrome in doctors and nurses. Conclusions: The identification of psychosocial risk factors to which physicians may be exposed will allow us to take preventive measures that can be usefull to improve health and quality of life of this professional group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/psicologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Médicos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia
12.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab;23(1): 238-245, mar. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-119777

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: analizar la posible relación entre estrés percibido por médicos internos residentes (MIR) que realizan guardias de Urgencias en dos hospitales de Madrid y biomarcadores de estrés. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal retrospectivo en MIR de segundo a quinto año que realizaban guardias de Urgencias durante 2012-2013. Se les realizó un reconocimiento médico (RM), administrándoseles dos cuestionarios validados: el de Goldberg para ansiedad/ depresión (también se incluyeron los resultados del cuestionario de Goldberg del RM inicial) y percepción de estrés 10 (PSS-10). Se les realizó una extracción de sangre para análisis de cortisol y otros biomarcadores de estrés así como toma de tensión arterial al salir de guardia (antes de las 10 de la mañana). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de percepción de estrés medida por PSS-10 fue de 94,68% en los 94 MIR reclutados. La mayor percepción de estrés se relacionó con el número de guardias (OR 3,359, IC 95% 1,208-10,189, p = 0,0207) y la ansiedad/depresión en el momento actual (OR 1,447, IC 95% 0,623-2,270, p = 0.0007), aunque no con la ansiedad/depresión al inicio de su contratación. CONCLUSIONES: Los MIR que realizaban guardias de Urgencias presentaron un alto nivel de percepción de estrés en nuestro estudio. No se encontró una asociación entre percepción de estrés y los biomarcadores de estrés considerados. Se proponen medidas preventivas de formación en manejo de situaciones conflictivas para los MIR al inicio de su programa de especialidad


AIM: to study the relationship between perceived stress by resident physicians (MIR) guards performing emergency and biomarkers of stress in two hospitals in Madrid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a retrospective cross-sectional study of MIR second to fifth year who were on duty emergency during 2012-2013. Underwent medical examination (ME), and given two validated questionnaires: Goldberg about anxiety/depression (as well in the initial ME) and perceived stress 10 (PSS- 10). After medical guard and before 10 am, blood tests (for cortisol and other biomarkers of stress) and blood pressure were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of perceived stress measured by PSS- 10 was 94.68 % in the 94 MIR included. The high perceived stress was associated with the number of guards (OR 3.359, 95% CI 1.208 to 10.189, p = 0.0207), and actual anxiety/depression (OR 1.447, 95% CI 0.623 to 2.270, p = 0.0007), while not previous anxiety/depression CONCLUSIONS: MIR working in emergency guards showed a high level of perceived stress in our study. No association between perceived stress and stress biomarkers evaluated were found. It has been proposed preventive solutions regarding to training about conflictive situations in the beginning of the medical residency


Assuntos
Humanos , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/psicologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos , Biomarcadores/análise
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