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BACKGROUND: The first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS www.ilds.org), the Fondation pour la Dermatite Atopique, as well as specialists in telemedicine, artificial intelligence and therapeutic patient education (TPE). RESULTS: AD is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases in SSA. Besides neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a dermatological presentation, AD requires closer attention from the WHO and national Departments of Health. CONCLUSIONS: A roadmap has been defined with top priorities such as access to essential medicines and devices for AD care, in particular emollients, better education of primary healthcare workers for adequate triage (e.g. better educational materials for skin diseases in pigmented skin generally and AD in particular, especially targeted to Africa), involvement of traditional healers and to a certain extent also patient education, bearing in mind the barriers to effective healthcare faced in SSA countries such as travel distances to health facilities, limited resources and the lack of dermatological expertise. In addition, several initiatives concerning AD research in SSA were discussed and should be implemented in close collaboration with the WHO and assessed at follow-up meetings, in particular, at the next ISAD meeting in Seoul, South Korea and African Society of Dermatology and Venereology (ASDV) meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, both in 2020.
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Dermatite Atópica , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Congressos como Assunto , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Atópica/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
Between 2011 and 2013, 17 poultry botulism outbreaks were investigated in France. All cases were associated with Clostridium botulinum type C-D. Presence of C. botulinum was studied in seven areas: poultry house, changing room, ventilation system, surroundings, animal reservoirs, water, and feed. Swabs, litter, soil, darkling beetles, rodents and wild bird droppings, feed and water samples were collected. The presence of C. botulinum type C-D in the environment of affected flocks was detected in 39.5% of the 185 samples analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. C. botulinum type C-D was reported in each area. Four areas were more frequently contaminated, being found positive in more than one-half of farms: darkling beetles (9/11), poultry house (14/17), water (13/16) and surroundings (11/16). After cleaning and disinfection, the ventilation system and/or the soil (in the houses and the surroundings) returned positive results in four out of eight poultry farms. Consequently, darkling beetles, the drinking water, the ventilation system and the soil in the surroundings and the houses were identified as the main critical contaminated areas to consider in poultry farms to prevent recurrence of botulism outbreaks.
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Botulismo/veterinária , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Abrigo para Animais/normas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Aves Domésticas , Animais , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Botulismo/microbiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Microbiologia Ambiental , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Right-sided infective endocarditis accounts for 5 to 10% of endocarditic involvement and usually affects the tricuspid valve. The purpose of this report is to describe epidemiological, clinical and echocardiographical aspects of 6 cases of right-sided infective endocarditis observed in the Cardiology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal from December 2007 to February 2010. Diagnosis was based on Duke's modified criteria. There were 3 men and 3 women with a mean age of 28.2 years (range: 20 and 43). Five of the 6 patients presented tricuspid endocarditis including one case associated with pulmonary endocarditis. In another case, pulmonary endocarditis was associated with aortic endocarditis. Infective endocarditis was acute in three cases and primary in four. One case of infective endocarditis was observed in a tetralogy of Fallot. Fever was present in 4 cases with an mean temperature of 38.4 degrees C (range, 37.2 to 40 degrees C) and heart failure was present in 5 cases. In 2 patients, blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. All patients had leucocytosis with a neutrophilic predominance. Doppler echocardiography depicted vegetations in all cases. Contributing factors included congenital heart disease in 1 case, insertion of a venous catheter in 2 and dental infection in 2. No patient was addicted to intravenous drugs or infected by HIV. Outcomes included one in-hospital death with signs of refractory heart failure. Right-sided endocarditis is often primary and is dominated by the tricuspid involvement. It affects both sexes. Contributing factors include venous catheterization during the postpartum period and dental infection. Prevention requires strict asepsis during venous catheter insertion, treatment of dental infections and improved management of congenital heart disease.
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Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Senegal/epidemiologia , Valva Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Tricúspide/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In 2005, a serological study was carried out on horses in five ecologically contrasted zones of the Senegal River basin (Senegal) to assess West Nile virus (WNV) transmission and investigate underlying environmental risk factors. In each study zone, horses were randomly selected and blood samples taken. A land-cover map of the five study areas was built using two satellite ETM+ images. Blood samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgM and IgG and positive samples were confirmed by seroneutralization. Environmental data were analysed using a principal components analysis. The overall IgG seroprevalence rate was 85% (n=367; 95% CI 0.81-0.89). The proximity to sea water, flooded banks and salted mudflats were identified as protective factors. These environmental components are unfavourable to the presence of Culex mosquitoes suggesting that in Senegal, the distribution of the vector species is more limiting for WNV transmission than for the hosts' distribution.
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Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Culex/fisiologia , Culex/virologia , Demografia , Ecossistema , Meio Ambiente , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Cavalos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Fatores de Risco , Rios , Senegal/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologiaRESUMO
Human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) is a close relative of the prototype acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus, HIV-1. HIV-2 is biologically similar to HIV-1, but information is lacking concerning clinical outcomes of HIV-2-infected individuals. From 1985 to 1993, a prospective clinical study was conducted in women with HIV-2 and HIV-1 infection to determine and compare rates of disease development. HIV-1-infected women had a 67% probability of AIDS-free survival 5 years after seroconversion in contrast with 100% for HIV-2-infected women. In addition to having significantly less HIV-related disease outcome in HIV-2 enrollees compared to HIV-1 enrollees, the rate of developing abnormal CD4+ lymphocyte counts with HIV-2 infection was also significantly reduced. This natural history study demonstrates that HIV-2 has a reduced virulence compared to HIV-1.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , HIV-1/patogenicidade , HIV-2/patogenicidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Incidência , Contagem de Leucócitos , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
West Nile Virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed flavivirus worldwide. It is a mosquito-borne virus, and birds constitute its natural reservoir. Humans and equines are considered accidental hosts. Human WNV infections are usually asymptomatic or express as a mild febrile syndrome; however, in around 1% of cases they are responsible for more serious neurological diseases with a potentially lethal outcome. In the Mediterranean basin the virus circulation is regarded as endemic. Outbreaks of WNV meningoencephalitis are regularly notified, especially during summer and autumn seasons. In Algeria, although some surveys have reported WNV activity in the Sahara, to date few data are available about virus circulation in the northern part of the country. We conducted this study to detect possible WNV activity in this part of Algeria. For this purpose, in 2010 a total of 164 human sera were collected from native patients of the Algiers district and surrounding areas, then tested retrospectively for IgG anti-WNV by ELISA. Plaque reduction neutralization technique (PRNT) was used for result confirmation. In this cohort, 9.8% of the 164 collected sera returned positive for anti-WNV IgG; after confirmation by PRNT; 6.7% had specific neutralizing antibodies. No statistically significant difference was observed according to the sex or transfusion status of the patients. In conclusion, these data show for the first time serological evidence of WNV circulation in Algiers and its surrounding areas. They also highlight the need for implementing an integrated surveillance programme covering all aspects of WNV disease in order to better understand the circulation dynamics of WNV in this region. Other flaviviruses antigenically related to WNV should be investigated, given the evidence of serological cross-reaction, as specific IgG antibodies decrease after PRNT confirmation.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe levels, monthly variations and trends in weight and arm circumference of non-pregnant lactating women living in the Sahel, characterized by one short yearly rainy season (July-October). METHODS: A mixed unbalanced cross-sectional longitudinal observational study conducted at 3, 5, 7 and 10 months postpartum among 3869 women living in the Sine area in central Senegal who had brought their infants into dispensaries for immunization from January 1990 to February 1997, and 1-5 consecutive children per woman (26 106 visits). RESULTS: Mean weight was 55.7 kg (s.d.: 7.1), but it varied by 2.5-3.9 kg each year, from high means during the dry season (March-May) to low means at the end of the rainy season (September-November). The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI)<18.5, 25-29.9 and >30 kg/m(2), respectively) was 7.6% (95% confidence interval: 7.3, 7.9), 6.4% (6.1, 6.7) and 0.4% (0.3, 0.4), but varied strongly by season (P<0.0001 for all). Unlike weight, mean arm increased during the early rains, a peak season of agricultural work (+0.10 cm/month (s.d.: 0.6) from June to August vs -0.35 kg/month (s.d.: 1.1) for weight). BMI and arm circumference were positively associated with age (mean: 20.8 vs 22.2 kg/m(2) and 25.3 vs 27.4 cm, at 20-24 and 40-49 years, respectively, P<0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Season was a major determinant of the anthropometric status of rural African women. Negative energy balance reduced body weight from the onset of agricultural labour, while arm circumference increased during early rains, probably due to high physical activity.
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Agricultura , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Lactação/fisiologia , Estações do Ano , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactação/metabolismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Período Pós-Parto , Prevalência , Saúde da População Rural , Magreza/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study had for aim to describe epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological aspects of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia in patients with AIDS in the Dakar University Hospital Infectious Diseases Clinic. METHOD: This study was made on data recorded between 1January1996 and 31December2005. The strains were identified according to biochemical (API 20E, BioMérieux) and antigenic features. Their susceptibility to antibiotic drugs was tested by antibiogram. Screening for strains secreting of an extended-spectrum betalactamase was performed. RESULTS: Sixty-two cases of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia were recorded in AIDS patients as follows: Salmonellaenteritidis bacteremia (32 cases), Salmonellatyphimurium bacteremia (11 cases), and Salmonella spp bacteremia (11 cases). The strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in at least 92% of the cases. Only 79% of them were susceptible to cotrimoxazole. The lethality rate was 55%. DISCUSSION: This lethality rate of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia is high in AIDS patients. Therefore, the priority should be put on prevention and, in patients with AIDS, on food hygiene measures, antiretroviral treatment and efficient chemoprophylaxis. This should prove efficient to reduce incidence of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Senegal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Nosocomial infections constitute today a great public health problem that is still ignored or poorly mastered in our health institutions. METHOD: A prevalence study initiated by the CLIN (committee for the prevention of nosocomial infections) was recently conducted at the Fann teaching hospital. A questionnaire was prepared and submitted to all patients that were hospitalized on the day of the study; the questionnaire allowed gathering a lot of information on exposure factors and clinical and microbiological arguments in favor of nosocomial infections. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-five patients (59.9% of all available beds) participated in the study. Nosocomial infections were found mostly among people between 20 and 44 years of age and predominantly in women. Fifty-eight percent of those cases were found in the neurology unit. The infections were mostly urinary (40%) and pulmonary (25%). The germs responsible were multiresistant bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae secreting broad-spectrum betalactamase, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infected patients were usually under antibiotic treatment (80%) with various protocols, mainly monotherapy. The antibiotics used were betalactams, fluoroquinolones, and nitroimidazoles.
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Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Antibacterianos/classificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/transmissão , Departamentos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Prevalência , Senegal/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Pulmonary emblism is a vascular disease which is characterized by the more or less complete obstruction of one or several pulmonary arteritis and/or their branches by an embol. Very polymorphic affection, mortal in the massiv form, it has in the average forms of the atypical or misleading aspects which make its clinical diagnosis difficult. The diagnostic strategy of the pulmonary embolism remains incompletely solved. The objectives of this work are: --to evaluate the prevalence with the autopsy of the pulmonary embolism and its distribution according to the age, --to appreciate the correlation enters the ante and the post-mortems diagnoses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is about a retrospective study, over 10 years period, having inclued the files of all the patients died in the various services of medicine or surgery of the university hospital of Aristide Le Dantec but also those transferred from outside of the hospital and at which the pulmonary diagnosis post-mortem of embolism was retained. RESULTS: Sixty thirteen (73) cases of pulmonary embolism had been found during autopsies during the period of study (10 ans), that is to say a prevalence of 1.9%. The average was 35 years. The most representative age bracket was that ranging beetwin 21 and 30 years is 36% of the studied population. On the 73 indexed patients, 30 (41%) were transferred from outside of the hospital and 43 (59%) came from the servicies of medecine and surgery with a prevalance of the service of cardiology (26%). The correlation beetween ante-mortems diagnosis and the anatomical result was 11% for the whole of the patients incleded in the study. However, it was 42% for the sub-grup of patients comming from the service of cardiology. CONCLUSION: The prevalence with the autopsy of pulmonary embolism is weak. The clinical diagnosis of this affection is difficult even in a specilised service with a high rate of negatif forgeries. This pathology is very under- evaluated even in these services.
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Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Embolia Pulmonar/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Autopsia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Handwashing is usually neglected in hospital settings. The objective of this study was to draw attention of health workers in Fann hospital as part of the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out prospectively from April 26h to May 25th. An anonymous questionnaire was administered by 20 formed investigators to health workers, along with an inventory of available resources for hand washing in the study site allowing to collect the data by interview. RESULTS: A total of 256 health workers were investigated. The mean age was 35.3 +/- 9.4 years [range = 20-71] with a sex ratio of 0.62. As for the education level, the secondary and university predominated. The concept of Manu carrying was ignored by 59.3% of the personnel. This proportion was higher among people with low education level. Possibility of resident and transitional floras in the hand was ignored by most of the investigated personnel. The hand washing technique to be applied while putting vesicle probe was ignored by 59% of the personnel, and 34% declared using hand towel to dry hands. Half of the personnel ignored that bread soap was not recommended. The availability of hydro alcoholic solutions was variable according to the hospital wards. The lavabo/bed ratio was 1/7 and was unacceptable. CONCLUSION: In Fann hospital, the importance and the techniques of hand washing are not well known, that's why a training of the hospital's Personnel and an improvement of resources for handwashing are necessary for a good hospital's hygiene.
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Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Desinfecção das Mãos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Desinfecção das Mãos/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Cephalosporinases, which are naturally present in some enterobacterial species, can be mobilized by transposons, migrate to plasmids, and spread into other species such as Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to characterize genes responsible for the production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) in E. coli isolates from urinary origin isolated in two hospitals in Senegal. Thus, a fortuitous discovery of plasmidic cephalosporinase in two isolates was noted. One of the isolates produced dha-1 associated with ESBL CTX-M-14, the other produced cmy-2, ESBL CTXM-15, tem-1 penicillinase, and oxa-1. This confirms the circulation of multidrug-resistant bacteria producing plasmidic cephalosporinase in Senegal. However, a large study is needed to better understand the prevalence and the nature of the genes involved.
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Cefalosporinase/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/genética , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Senegal/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/genética , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) (e.g., churches, mosques, and gurdwaras) can play a vital role in health promotion. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health for Asian Americans (REACH FAR) Project is implementing a multi-level and evidence-based health promotion and hypertension (HTN) control program in faith-based organizations serving Asian American (AA) communities (Bangladeshi, Filipino, Korean, Asian Indian) across multiple denominations (Christian, Muslim, and Sikh) in New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ). This paper presents baseline results and describes the cultural adaptation and implementation process of the REACH FAR program across diverse FBOs and religious denominations serving AA subgroups. Working with 12 FBOs, informed by implementation research and guided by a cultural adaptation framework and community-engaged approaches, REACH FAR strategies included (1) implementing healthy food policies for communal meals and (2) delivering a culturally-linguistically adapted HTN management coaching program. Using the Ecological Validity Model (EVM), the program was culturally adapted across congregation and faith settings. Baseline measures include (i) Congregant surveys assessing social norms and diet (n = 946), (ii) HTN participant program surveys (n = 725), (iii) FBO environmental strategy checklists (n = 13), and (iv) community partner in-depth interviews assessing project feasibility (n = 5). We describe the adaptation process and baseline assessments of FBOs. In year 1, we reached 3790 (nutritional strategies) and 725 (HTN program) via AA FBO sites. Most AA FBOs lack nutrition policies and present prime opportunities for evidence-based multi-level interventions. REACH FAR presents a promising health promotion implementation program that may result in significant community reach.
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Asiático , Dieta Saudável , Organizações Religiosas , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Adulto , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Dieta Saudável/métodos , Feminino , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Idioma , Masculino , Tutoria , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Jersey , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Religião e Medicina , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
We aimed to detect the extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) secreted by clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Fann University Hospital in Dakar and to characterize them molecularly. We identified 32 isolates producing ESBLs. The CTX-M-15 gene was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, detected in 90.63% of the isolates studied.
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A longitudinal epidemiological survey of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors was carried out in the Volta river basin of Northern Ghana to determine the relationship between cattle management and the incidence of bovine trypanosomosis. Two groups of sentinel cattle under different systems of management, classified as "fully-sedentary" and "partially-sedentary" (depending on the type of management) were followed over a 1-year period starting from March 2003 onwards. Cattle were screened at intervals of 3 months using the buffy coat technique (BCT). Buffy coat specimen from animals that were positive for the BCT and those that were negative, but with a packed cell volume (PCV) of less than 21% were further tested using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma from all animals were tested for antibody using the indirect antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trypanosomosis challenge was determined in tandem with the epidemiological survey with watering sites of sentinel cattle being the foci of interest. The parasitological prevalence at the start of the survey was higher in the fully-sedentary group (9%) than in the partially-sedentary group (3%). In subsequent visits, however, the parasitological incidence was consistently higher in the partially-sedentary group than in the fully-sedentary group. The mean seroprevalence (ELISA) of both groups increased from 3% in March to 54% in December. Statistical analysis of the serological results using a random effect logistic regression, showed a significant difference in incidence of bovine trypanosomosis between the two groups. There was also a significant effect of time. The influence of cattle herding on host-vector-parasite interface and its consequence on the incidence of trypanosomosis are discussed.
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Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase Bovina/epidemiologia , Moscas Tsé-Tsé/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Bovinos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Gana/epidemiologia , Hematócrito/veterinária , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Parasitemia/transmissão , Parasitemia/veterinária , Rios , População Rural , Estações do Ano , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Tripanossomíase Bovina/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase Bovina/transmissão , Moscas Tsé-Tsé/parasitologiaRESUMO
The genotype G12 rotavirus was isolated from the stool of children 5 years old or younger with acute gastroenteritis during 1 year in three Dakar hospitals. The G12 genotype was the most common (58.25%). VP4 genotyping revealed mixed genotypes (1.94%).
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BACKGROUND: The use of 2 live attenuated vaccines (LAV) is recommended to be simultaneous or after an interval of at least four weeks between injections. The primary objective of this study was to compare the humoral response to yellow fever (YF) and measles vaccines among children vaccinated against these two diseases, either simultaneously or separated by an interval of 7-28 days. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted among children aged 9-15 months. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of positive yellow fever antibodies after YF vaccine by estimating the titers of neutralizing antibodies from venous blood samples. Children vaccinated against YF 7-28 days after receiving the vaccine against measles (test group) were compared with children vaccinated the same day against these two diseases (referent group). RESULTS: Analysis was performed on 284 children. Of them, fifty-four belonged to the test group. Measles serology was positive in 91.7% of children. Neutralizing antibodies against YF were detected in 90.7% of the test group and 92.9 of the referent group (p=0.6). In addition, quantitative analysis of the immune response did not show a lower response to YF vaccination when it took place 1-28 days after measles vaccination. DISCUSSION: In 1965, Petralli showed a lower response to the smallpox vaccine when injected 4-20 days after measles vaccination. Since then, recommendations are to observe an interval of four weeks between LAV not injected on the same day. Other published studies failed to show a significant difference in the immune response to a LAV injected 1-28 days after another LAV. These results suggest that the usual recommendations for immunization with two LAV may not be correct. CONCLUSION: In low income countries, the current policy should be re-evaluated. This re-evaluation should also be applied to travelers to yellow fever endemic countries.
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Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Esquemas de Imunização , Vacina contra Sarampo/imunologia , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/imunologia , Feminino , Guiana Francesa , Humanos , Imunidade Ativa , Lactente , Masculino , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Senegal , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Febre Amarela/imunologia , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle is a rare late complication of myocardial infarction. So-called non-coronary forms have been described in young people. In this context, we report three cases. Mr. M.B., aged 20, consulted for chest pain associated with palpitations. Cardiovascular examination found a pulsatile, expanding precordial bulging and a mesocardiac systolo-diastolic murmur. We noted a sinus rhythm with ventricular extrasystoles on ECG. The chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and aneurysmal deformation of the left lower heart border. Doppler echocardiography showed a large left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm. Mrs. O.B., aged 23, was admitted for biventricular heart failure and in whom the examination found a systolic murmur in the apical area. ECG showed a regular sinus tachycardia, left atrial and ventricular hypertrophy. The chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and aneurysmal deformation of left middle and lower heart borders. Doppler echocardiography showed a large left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm. Mr. I.S., aged 24, admitted for the management of congestive heart failure. The patient had non-specific laboratory inflammatory signs, a sinus tachycardia and extrasystoles on the ECG. Chest radiography showed a discontinuation at the posterior arch of the sixth rib, a cardiomegaly and a neurismal dilatation of the left lower heart border. Doppler echocardiography showed a large apical pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle.
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Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirurgia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In the past, the essential part of the activity of the parasitology laboratory of the Centre National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (CNERV) was represented by diagnostic work that enabled the construction of an inventory of local parasitic fauna and a good collection of specimens. However, the small and irregular number of samples each year, led us to switch our activities in 1990 toward work that could better justify the existence of CNERV. We started work on applied research topics, such as tick-borne diseases, helminthology (nemathelminths and plathelminths), and trypanosomosis. These results were valorized through scientific publication and communication at international meetings. The most valuable information was conveyed to herders.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária , Animais , Camelus , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Helmintíase Animal/prevenção & controle , Mauritânia , Ruminantes , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/prevenção & controle , Clima Tropical , Medicina Tropical , Tripanossomíase/prevenção & controle , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Medicina Veterinária/tendênciasRESUMO
The adaptations of the trichostrongylid nematode Haemonchus longistipes of dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) to the harsh environment of Saharo-Sahelian climate were assessed by means of (i) an epidemiological survey of dromedary infection in the south-west of Mauritania, (ii) an estimate over a 3 year period of parasite distribution within the host population and of prolificacy of H. longistipes females recovered from natural populations of infected dromedaries sampled at Nouakchott's slaughterhouse, and (iii) experimental infections of young dromedaries during three different periods of the year (end of the rainy season, middle and end of the dry season). Egg excretions (estimated by faecal egg counts), infective larvae derived from eggs as well as female prolificacy showed a marked seasonal pattern: high values in the rainy season and very low values in the dry season (especially March and April). Female prolificacy differed slightly between morphotypes: the knobbed type excreting over a longer period than the linguiform and smooth types. Following experimental infections in young dromedaries, arrest of larval development took place irrespective of the period. The survival strategy of H. longistipes in the dry season was based only on arrested larval development. Patent infections occurred from July to October, i.e. during the rainy season and was facilitated by the conjunction of high prevalence and intensity of adult worm burdens associated with high female prolificacy.