RESUMO
Legumes are important components of sustainable agricultural production, food, nutrition and income systems of developing countries. In spite of their importance, legume crop production is challenged by a number of biotic (diseases and pests) and abiotic stresses (heat, frost, drought and salinity), edaphic factors (associated with soil nutrient deficits) and policy issues (where less emphasis is put on legumes compared to priority starchy staples). Significant research and development work have been done in the past decade on important grain legumes through collaborative bilateral and multilateral projects as well as the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes (CRP-GL). Through these initiatives, genomic resources and genomic tools such as draft genome sequence, resequencing data, large-scale genomewide markers, dense genetic maps, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and diagnostic markers have been developed for further use in multiple genetic and breeding applications. Also, these mega-initiatives facilitated release of a number of new varieties and also dissemination of on-the-shelf varieties to the farmers. More efforts are needed to enhance genetic gains by reducing the time required in cultivar development through integration of genomics-assisted breeding approaches and rapid generation advancement.
RESUMO
Se analizó la experiencia obtenida en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Docente "General Calixto García" en 90 valvuloplastias de Toupet realizadas consecutivamente. Las indicaciones para la operación fueron la hernia hiatal deslizante en 87 pacientes y la incompetencia del esfínter esofágico inferior en 3 pacientes. Se plantea que el tiempo de seguimiento posoperatorio osciló entre 1 y 9 años en los 80 operados que pudieron ser controlados tardíamente (88,9% de la casuística). Se informa que no hubo mortalidad imputable al procedimiento quirúrgico y que se obtuvo mejoría de los síntomas en el 95% de los pacientes; de los cuales, el 85% no presentaba ningún síntoma dependiente de la valvuloplastia realizada, ni de la enfermedad de base