Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Concentrated Growth Factor on Viability of Ultra-Diced Cartilage Grafts in a Rabbit Model.

BACKGROUND: Although rhinoplastic surgery has progressed considerably in recent years, nasal dorsal irregularities still cause postoperative distress for both surgeons and patients. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure the association between two biologic graft adjuncts, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and concentrated growth factor (CGF), and ultra-diced cartilage viability in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This study was designed as a randomized in-vivo study using a rabbit model. Fourteen rabbits were utilized in this investigation. The ultra-diced cartilage was obtained from auricular cartilage. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The graft biologic adjunct is the predictor variable. There were three treatment groups: graft mixed with PRP or CGF or untreated (control). The grafts were placed in three separate pockets opened on the same rabbit. Grafts were harvested 3 months after insertion for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The primary outcome variable was histopathological and regenerative scores obtained from multiple histopathological parameters indicating the viability of the cartilage. Histopathological score parameters were chondrocyte loss, inflammation, fibrosis, cartilage fragmentation, and calcified area formations in the lacunae. Regenerative score parameters were peripheral cell proliferation in the cartilage tissue, vascularization in the connective tissue, proteoglycan increase in the matrix, and the amount of connective tissue. COVARIATES: The variables were age, sex, and weight. ANALYSES: Statistical analysis employed the analysis of variance test, with a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 14 rabbits and 42 samples. The histopathologic scores were 11.93 (±2.49), 8.78 (±2.19), and 6.85 (±1.46) for the control, PRP, and CGF groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the PRP (P < .0275) and CGF (P < .0001) groups compared to the control group. The regenerative scores were 6.21 (±0.97), 8.85 (±1.70), and 12.07 (±1.26) for the control, PRP and CGF groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the PRP (P < .0159) and CGF (P < .0001) groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This is the first study investigating the ultra-diced cartilage graft in an experimental animal model. Histopathological examination has shown that mixing ultra-diced cartilage with CGF or PRP increases viability by reducing the histopathological score and increasing the regenerative score.

Use of lateral alar caudal graft to increase nasal tip definition in rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate use of Lateral Alar Caudal Graft to increase nasal tip definition in primary or revision rhinoplasty cases. METHOD: Lateral Alar Caudal Graft was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2023 years. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. This technique was applied in revision or primary cases where the caudal part of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage was lower in the vertical plane than the cephalic part. The Lateral Alar Caudal Graft was sutured over the caudal edge of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: We have successfully demonstrated that in primary or revision rhinoplasty cases, nasal tip definition will be enhanced by positioning the caudal level of the lateral alar crura of the lower lateral cartilage higher than the cephalic level using an onlay lateral alar crural graft and eliminated the need for alar rim graft.

Medial flap middle turbinoplasty for solid middle turbinate hypertrophy: improving airway, speeding healing and preserving olfaction.

PURPOSE: The techniques to be performed for bullous middle turbinates are well-defined and widely accepted in the literature. However, in the case of solid middle turbinate hypertrophy, information on surgical techniques that take into account function and sense of smell is very limited in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the airway patency and olfaction results of patients diagnosed with solid middle turbinate hypertrophy, who underwent subtotal (transverse) resection or medial flap turbinoplasty of the middle turbinates. METHODS: Thirty-five adult patients who were diagnosed with solid middle turbinate hypertrophy were divided into two groups, namely medial flap middle turbinoplasty (study group = 17) and transverse resection to the middle turbinate (control group = 18). Acoustic rhinometry, anterior rhinomanometry, peak nasal inspiratory flowmeter test, odor identification test, and n-butanol threshold measurements were performed before and 3 months after the surgery. In addition, preoperative and postoperative nasal obstruction and olfactory senses of the patients were evaluated with visual analog scale and nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale. RESULTS: Visual analog scores for olfaction were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. In odor identification test, a significant improvement was observed in the study group, while a decrease was observed in the control group. While there was a decrease in the n-butanol thresholds values in the study group, there was an increase in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Medial mucosal flap technique is an effective and functional turbinoplasty technique that can be used in solid hypertrophy of the middle turbinate, which offers advantages in terms of enhanced airway healing and olfactory results.

Total Lower Lateral Cartilage Reconstruction in Multiple Revision Rhinoplasty Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel surgical technique of total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction using costal cartilage grafts in multiple revision rhinoplasty cases. METHOD: Total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction technique was utilized in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2023. Fourteen of the patients were female, and 10 were male. In this technique, we performed total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction in multiple revision cases where the support of both medial and lateral crura was poor. In cases where only the medial crus or only the lateral crus support was inadequate, we performed reconstruction only for the poorly supported portion. A new lower lateral cartilage was created with grafts obtained from the costal cartilage. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: Multiple revision rhinoplasties present significant difficulties due to complicated nasal anatomy and weakened lower lateral cartilages. We have shown that successful results can be achieved in these complex cases with total lower lateral cartilage reconstruction using costal cartilage grafts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index Elevation as a Biomarker and Risk Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance is associated with increased levels of IGF-1. IGF-1 has been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Two tertiary care academic hospitals. METHODS: The study included 53 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Group 1) and 48 healthy volunteers (Group 2). Laryngeal cancer patients were divided into two groups according to their stage. Stages I and II were named Group 1A, and Stages III and IV were called Group 1B. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The effect of the TyG index on laryngeal cancer was investigated on the parameters of sex, age, body mass index, and stage of the disease. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. The TyG index of group 1 (4.75 ± 0.33) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). The TyG index value of group 1B (4.84 ± 0.31) was significantly higher than both group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). There was no significant difference between the TyG index values of group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). CONCLUSION: The TyG index may be a promising laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. People with a higher TyG index may have a higher incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a higher risk of progression.

Surgical correction of the lower lateral cartilage protrusion and external nasal valve pinching with lateral crural resection technique.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel surgical technique in the treatment of lower lateral crural protrusion and external nasal valve pinching. METHOD: The lower lateral crural resection technique was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty between 2019 and 2022. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. In this technique, excess part of crura's tail was excised from the lower lateral crura and placed in the same pocket. This area was supported with a diced cartilage and a postoperative nasal retainer was applied. We have corrected the aesthetic problem that occurs when the lower lateral cartilage is convex, and external nasal valve pinching that occurs when the lower lateral crural protrusion is concave. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 23. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: A new surgical approach has been proposed for patients with lower lateral crural protrusion and external nasal valve pinching using the lateral crural resection technique.

Key stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection in crooked nose deformity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to propose a new approach in crooked nose deformity with key-stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection. METHOD: Twelve patients with crooked nose deformities were operated using the open rhinoplasty technique. Our method, unlike other methods, has two different steps. Following asymmetric hump resection, cartilaginous and osseous septum were cut separated at the key stone area or more caudally and fix the septum with sutures again by allowing them to slide over each other in a way that directs the septum to the midline. If there is an inability to reveal the septum, we apply a longer spreader graft to the cartilage septum side. RESULTS: The mean ages were 27.4 years. The mean follow-up time of the patients was 19.1 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. This technique was effective in the treatment of all our patients with crooked nose deformities. CONCLUSION: A novel surgical approach with key-stone plasty and asymmetric hump resection method was proposed in crooked nose deformity with a video animation.

Supratip suture and skin scoring technique in the patient with thick skin in rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new surgical technique to achieve ideal nasal tip rotation and projection with nasal supratip angle in patients with thick skin. METHOD: Supratip suture and skin scoring technique was used in 24 patients who underwent open technique septorhinoplasty operation between the years 2019 and 2022. In this technique the nose skin was thinned with scissors. Scoring and supratip sutures were applied to the skin. Kenacort (Triamcinolone 8 mg) was injected into the supratip area without closing the skin. Fourteen of the patients were female and 10 were male. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 22. The mean follow-up time of the patients was between 6 and 18 months. No complications were observed due to this technique. Satisfactory results were obtained in the postoperative period after surgery. CONCLUSION: A new surgical approach has been proposed to create the desired dimensions with nasal tip rotation and projection and supratip angle in patients with thick skin using the supratip suture and skin scoring technique.

Two-handed endoscopic ear surgery: Feasibility for stapes surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ear surgery is becoming an increasingly popular approach. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the two-handed endoscopic technique for stapes surgery, which has its own unique steps. METHODS: Patients who underwent two-handed endoscopic stapes surgery between September 2017 and February 2018 were included in this study. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone averages and air bone gaps, intraoperative complications were recorded. All procedures were performed under hypotensive general anesthesia by the same surgeon using 0° rigid endoscopes of 2.7-mm diameter, 14-cm length with an endoscope holder. RESULTS: Seven endoscopic two-handed stapes surgery were performed between September 2017 and February 2018. Of these, six patients were operated entirely endoscopically because one patient was found to has perilymph gusher and converted to microscopic surgery. There were no intraoperative tympanic membrane injuries, facial nerve paresis or sensorineural hearing losses. The average preoperative ABG of patients who underwent fully endoscopic surgery was 31.3 dB, and the postoperative ABG closed up to 9.6 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of the two-handed technique during endoscopic stapes surgery ensures the surgeon benefits from the advantages of endoscopy while overcoming the disadvantages of the one-handed technique.

Effect of allergic rhinitis on the outcomes of diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy.

PURPOSE: Studies on patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction have suggested the presence of comorbid allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to investigate the role of allergic rhinitis in the long-term surgical failure of diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 153 patients undergoing diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy between 2013 and 2017 were included in the study. In the consultation and follow-up, a skin prick test, endoscopic nasal examination, and nasal symptom scoring were performed. RESULTS: A total of 137 patients participated in the follow-up. The nasolacrimal obstruction complaints were completely resolved in 112 patients (81.8%). Of these, eight (7.1%) had positive skin prick tests. The preoperative complaints continued postoperatively in 25 (18.2%) patients. Nasal endoscopy revealed synechiae in one of these patients, whereas no anatomic deformities were observed in the other 24 patients. Of the 25 patients, 21 (84%) had positive skin prick tests. Those patients had signs of allergic rhinitis on endoscopic examination and high nasal symptom scores. There were significant differences in skin prick test results and nasal symptom scores between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Allergic rhinitis may affect the success of dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. To increase the chances of surgical success, besides choosing the appropriate surgical procedure, it may be useful to treat allergic rhinitis pre- and postoperatively.

Are the oxidative stress levels in the tumor center and tumor boundary different from those in healthy tissue?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress levels in the tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue. METHODS: This study included a total of 53 patients with head and neck cancer. Samples of 5 × 5 × 5 mm were collected from the tumor center, tumor edge, and the healthy tissue. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were evaluated. (1) Oxidative stress values in the center and edge of all tumors and in healthy tissues were compared according to localization. (2) Tumors were divided into two groups as malignant (Group 1 [n = 28]: Laryngeal and tongue squamous cell cancers) and benign (Group 2 [n = 25]: Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors). The groups were compared according to the localization of the tissues. RESULTS: The TOS value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. The TAS value in tissue located in the tumor edge was significantly higher than in the healthy tissue. The OSI value in the tumor edge was significantly higher than those in the tumor center and the healthy tissue. In all three localizations (tumor center, tumor edge, and healthy tissue), TOS and OSI values in Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress values in the tumor edge are significantly higher than the center of the tumor and healthy tissue. In malignant tumors, oxidative stress values are significantly higher in all localizations compared to benign tumors.

Oxidative stress values of tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue in thyroid masses.

PURPOSE: Reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in tumor formation, progression, and invasion. In this study, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the oxidative stress values of tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue in thyroid tumors. METHODS: A total of 51 patients with thyroid tumor, 24-malignant, and 27-benign, were included in this study. Samples, measuring 5 × 5 × 5 mm, were taken from the tumor core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue of the participants. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were examined. The oxidative stress values of core, edge, and healthy thyroid tissue of all tumors (n = 51) were compared according to the localization. The participants were divided into two groups as malignant (Group 1: Differentiated thyroid cancers) and benign (Group 2: Multinodular goiter). The groups were compared according to tissue localizations. RESULTS: The TOS value of tumor edge was significantly higher than the values of tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue. The OSI value of tumor edge was significantly higher than the values of tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue. There was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of TAS, TOS, and OSI values of tumor core. The OSI values in tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of TAS and TOS values of tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue. CONCLUSION: The oxidative stress values of tumor edge were significantly higher than the tumor core and healthy thyroid tissue values. The oxidative stress values of tumor edge and healthy thyroid tissue were significantly higher in malignant thyroid tumors compared to benign thyroid tumors.

Comparison of the efficacy of multiple antioxidant and hyperbaric oxygen treatments in the prevention of ischemia and necrosis of local random McFarlane skin flap.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of multiple antioxidant (Proxeed Plus (PP) with Carnitine, Selenium, Zinc, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12) on local random skin flap healing with the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. METHODS: Fourty rats were equally divided into five groups (Control, PP, HBO, HBO + PP, PP + HBO + PP). Local random McFarlane skin flap was applied to all rats. Following the applications, evaluations were made biochemical (TAS, TOS, OSI, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-ß, VEGF) and histopathological parameters. RESULTS: Necrosis percentage was found to be lower in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups whereas the necrosis percentages of PP and HBO groups were similar. Oxidative stress rates were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other groups whereas it was lower in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups. The inflammation parameters were the highest in the control group and the lowest in the PP + HBO + PP group. Growth factors were higher in the PP + HBO + PP group than all other groups. Epithelialization and wound healing were better in the HBO and PP groups than in the control group. The greatest healing, epithelialization and vascularization was seen in the PP + HBO + PP group. The histopathological findings in the PP + HBO + PP group were better in each inner region than in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Biochemical and histopathological parameters have shown that PP reduces ischemia and necrosis and increases oxygenation in flap healing by providing significant improvement thanks to the multiple molecular structures in its content.

A new method in eardrum perforation repair: Accordion myringoplasty technique.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the accordion myringoplasty technique as a novel method used in the perforation of the eardrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included thirty patients operated by utilizing accordion myringoplasty technique. RESULTS: We achieved complete closure of the eardrum perforations with the accordion myringoplasty technique in all patients. CONCLUSION: Accordion myringoplasty technique was inspired by conventional fascial and cartilage myringoplasty techniques to protect hearing while increasing surgical success.

A feasibility study in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and snoring: Nasopharyngeal stent.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to create a new choice of treatment with nasopharyngeal stent in isolated retro palatal obstruction and snoring for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included five patients with mild OSAS and snoring. Nasopharyngeal stents were applied in these patients with drug-induced sedation endoscopy. RESULTS: With the nasopharyngeal stents, we aimed to prevent the soft palate to fall backwards while sleeping, especially at supine position in order to prevent the occurrence of apnea and hypopnea, providing a way for the airway to remain open as well as a support behind the soft palate and thus prevent snoring based on the vibration created by draught. CONCLUSION: We suggest a new alternative treatment approach to devices that need to be continuously used such as CPAP or intraoral devices or surgical methods that have many unwanted discomforts for the patients.

Use of Mesna in the treatment of ossicular chain fixation related to tympanosclerosis; prospective, clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: Mesna is a thiol compound effective in the connective tissue, which is used for its chemical dissector, mucolytic, mucosal damage preventive and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate Mesna's effects in easy dissection in type 4 tympanosclerosis cases and in the prevention of formation of new sclerotic plaques. METHODS: 11 patients were included in the study. All patients were in the Wielinga Kerr type 4 class of tympanosclerosis. All patients were administered a 100% concentration of Mesna in the middle ear during tympanosclerosis surgery. All patients underwent audiological evaluation before and 20 months after the operation. Air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds and air-bone difference were statistically compared. RESULTS: The patients were followed-up for a mean 20.48 ± 2.37 months. The mean preoperative air-conduction threshold of the patients was 58.09 ± 9.73 dB and the mean postoperative air-conduction threshold was 34.63 ± 15.46 dB and there was a significant difference. The mean preoperative bone-conduction threshold of the patients was 16.27 ± 5.47 dB and the mean postoperative bone-conduction threshold was 14.72 ± 6.11 dB and there was a significant difference. The mean preoperative air-bone gap of the patients was 41.81 ± 10.51, and the mean postoperative air-bone gap was 19.90 ± 12.48, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Mesna prevented hearing loss related to type 4 tympanosclerosis and prevented the formation of new sclerotic structures in our follow-up period. We believe that this effect is due to the chemical dissector and antioxidant effects of Mesna.

Therapeutic effects of metformin for noise induced hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the healing effect of metformin on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) by measuring audiological, biochemical and histological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 rats were divided into four groups (Group 1: Noise, Group 2: Noise + Metformin, Grup 3: Metformin, Grup 4: Control). Broadband noise was applied to Group 1 and Group 2 after basal measurements. Measuring audiological (distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)), biochemical (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative status index (OSI), DNA damage, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alfa, HSF-1 and COX-2) and histological parameters. RESULTS: Group 2 had significant decreases in ABR thresholds on day 7 and day 14 compared to day 1. DPOAE values of Group 2 on the 7th and 14th days were significantly higher than the post-noise levels. DNA damage, TOS and OSI values of Group 1 were significantly higher than the other groups. The Cox-2 value of Group 1 was higher than all other groups. The HSF-1 value of Group 2 was significantly higher than that of Group 1. In terms of IL-1 Beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha values, there was no significant difference between groups 2, 3 and 4 and these values were significantly lower than group 1. In histopathological results of our study, no significant difference was found between the groups being exposed to noise and the control group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that early period of Metformin treatment has therapeutic effect on NIHL.

Stapedectomy in patients with dehiscent and prolapsed facial nerve.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to apply the modified stapedectomy technique in cases with dehiscent and prolapsed facial nerve canal, and to compare the postoperative results with those with normal facial nerve canal anatomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 28 patients who underwent primary stapedectomy were included. Of the patients, 17 were in the normal anatomical facial nerve group, and 11 were in the dehiscent and prolapsed facial nerve group. Facial nerve was retracted with micro elevator in dehiscent and prolapsed group. and Titanium-Teflon prosthesis was angled and used in accordance with facial nerve course at this group. RESULT: No facial paresis or paralysis was observed in any patient postoperatively. In the first year, no significant difference was found in terms of air-bone gap. CONCLUSION: It is safe to retract the facial nerve for a limited time in cases of stapedectomy in cases with dehiscent and prolapsed facial nerve canal. In these cases, modifying the stapedial prosthesis in accordance with the facial nerve course does not cause disadvantage in terms of hearing gain.

A new approach to vocal cord leukoplakia and evaluation of proton pump inhibitor treatment.

PURPOSE: Our aim is identify a new approach to vocal cord leukoplakia treatment and detect to efficiency of proton pump inhibitors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental clinical trial. METHODS: A 'First Assessment Scale' was prepared. This scale included the lesion's and the patient's characteristics. Using this scale, 24 patients included to the study. 20 mg rabeprazole twice daily was applied to all patients. At the end of 3rd month, a 'Second Assessment Scale' was used and two groups created. In group 1, 19 patients were accepted to responsive for the therapy and received the same therapy. The group 2 was included five patients that accepted unresponsive to treatment and directed to surgery. All patients received the same treatment additionally 3 months. At the end of 6th month, the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) and the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) values evaluated and comparisons were made. RESULTS: The RSI and RFS values were significantly decreased in all patients. The Red values were significantly decreased with treatment in group 1, but the Green and Blue values were not. In group 2, the RGB values were not showed the significant differences. In conclusion, seven patients (29,2%) showed complete lesion regression, 12 patients (50%) showed partial lesion regression and five patients (20,8%) showed no response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The proton pump inhibitor treatment may be beneficial for the selected patients. The scales that we prepared were useful for lesion assesment.

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Volume and Physiology of Nasal Cavity After Septhorhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the authors aimed to compare the nasal physiology and nasal cavity volume with three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) 1 year after the operation with the values before the operation to investigate the possible narrowing and loss of function in the nasal cavity after septorhinoplasty (SRP) operation. METHODS: Of 415 patients who had a primary SRP operation, 28 patients who met the criteria were included in the study. Nasal cavity volumes of patients with postoperative CTs were measured three-dimensionally after a mean 13 months, and objective rhinologic measurements (rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]) and subjective assessment methods (Visual Analog Scale [VAS], Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation [NOSE]) were performed. RESULTS: The mean postoperative VAS and PNIF values of the patients were significantly higher than the mean preoperative values. The mean postoperative NOSE value of the patients was significantly lower than the mean preoperative values. Although the mean MCA-1 and MCA-2 levels of the patients increased postoperatively, the increase was not significant. Although the postoperative mean values of VOL-1 and VOL-2 increased compared with the preoperative values, the increase was not significant. In the CT measurements of the patients, the nasal cavity volumes were significantly higher than the preoperative values. CONCLUSION: Nasal cavity volumes in patients undergoing SRP were compared with 3D-CT for the first time in the literature, and a significant increase in nasal volume was observed in the postoperative first year. This finding suggests that the correction of intranasal problems leads to an increase in the nasal volume in SRP operations, although nasal osteotomy is performed.