Dental Anomalies in Permanent Teeth Associated With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Group of Colombian Children.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of dental anomaly presentation in permanent teeth in a group of Colombian children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and to determine the frequency of the anomalies according to the cleft type. METHODS: An analytical matched case-control study was conducted with 210 controls and 210 patients with NSCLP. The patients were classified into 3 groups: complete right unilateral cleft lip and palate (RCLP), complete left unilateral cleft lip and palate (LCLP), and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to analyze paired samples (Bonferroni adjustment, P ≤ .002). RESULTS: A high risk of finding agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors, and rotation of the maxillary central incisors adjacent to the cleft (P < .0001) was observed in the patients with NSCLP. One or more dental anomalies were found in 98% of patients with BCLP, in 96% of those with LCLP, and in 87% of those with RCLP. Most of the anomalies were located on the cleft area. The incidence relative risk (IRR) of anomalies was highest in patients with BCLP (IRR: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.76-16.3), followed by in those with LCLP (IRR: 8.51; 95% CI: 5.64-12.8). CONCLUSIONS: Most dental anomalies were found in the cleft area; this was expected because the cleft area was the most affected in the patients included in this study.

Topiramate Combined with Cognitive Restructuring for the Treatment of Gambling Disorder: A Two-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Gambling disorder (GD) is a prevalent condition for which no pharmacological treatment has yet been approved, although there is evidence that topiramate can reduce impulsivity in GD and craving in various addictive behaviors. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of topiramate combined with cognitive restructuring for GD in a two-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Participants were individuals seeking outpatient treatment for GD (n = 30), treated with either topiramate or placebo combined with a brief cognitive intervention, over a 12-week period, the dose of topiramate being tapered up during the first 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were gambling craving, behavior, and cognitive distortions; impulsivity; depression and social adjustment. Topiramate proved superior to placebo in reducing gambling craving (P = 0.017); time and money spent gambling (P = 0.007 and P = 0.047, respectively); cognitive distortions related to gambling (P = 0.003); and social adjustment (P = 0.040). We found no significant effects on impulsivity or depression. These findings are in contrast with data from a previous clinical trial with topiramate for GD. In the current study, we found that topiramate affects features specifically related to gambling addiction and had no significant effect on associated phenomena such as impulsiveness and depression. We believe that this response could be due to synergistic interaction between topiramate and the cognitive intervention.

Reporte de casos de niños(as) con paladar fisurado aislado, atendidos en el Hospital Universitario del Valle entre 1996 y 2001 / Report of cases of children with cleft palate, attending to the Hospital Universitario del Valle between 1996 and 2001

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal cuantitativo con el propósito de caracterizar los infantes con fisuras palatinas aisladas que se atendieron en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (H.U.V.) en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 1996 y el 31 de diciembre de 2001, describiendo su comportamiento en cuanto a género, edad de la madre y asociación con los diferentes tipos de síndromes. La información fue obtenida mediante los registros médicos disponibles consignados en historias clínicas, registros perinatales y fichas odontológicas del H.U.V. Las fisuras palatinas aisladas correspondieron al 19.7% de los casos de niños(as) con fisuras oro-faciales atendidos en el H.U.V en el periodo anteriormente nombrado; observándose mayor incidencia en el género femenino, siendo la malformación congénita mas frecuentemente asociada la Secuencia de Pierre Robin. No fue posible determinar asociación estadística con respecto a la edad de la madre.

The purpose of this study was to describe the cases of childrens with cleft palate attended in the Del Valle University Hospital (H.U.V) between January 1st 1996 and December 31st 2001 period. This research focused on gender, mother's age and partnership with different kind of associated malformations. The information was obtained trough available data at the H.U.V., like medical histories, perinatal and dental registers. The isolated clefts palate were 19.7% of cases of childrens with orofacial clefts tended in H.U.V. between 1996 and 2001. The female was the most affected gender while the Pierre Robin Sequence was the associated malformation predominant. There were no significant results respect to mother's age.