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1.
Prog Urol ; 32(8-9): 567-576, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35623941

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Robot-assisted nephrectomy for living kidney donation (LKD) has been described in the literature as a safe and reproducible technique in high volume centers with extensive robotic surgery experience. Any surgical procedure in a healthy individual ought to be safe in regards to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Robotic-assisted Living Donor Nephrectomy (RLDN) experience in a robotic surgery expert center. METHODS: This is a retrospective study from 11/2011 and 12/2019. In total, 118 consecutive Living Donor (LD) kidney transplants were performed at our institution. All the procedures were performed by robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach. Extraction was performed by iliac (IE), vaginal (VE) or umbilical extraction (UE). The left kidney was preferred even if the vascular anatomy was not modal. RESULTS: For donors: the median operative time was 120min with 50mL of blood loss. The median warm ischemia time was 4min, with a non-significant shorter duration with the UE (4min) in comparison with IE or VE (5min). Nine patients had postoperative complications including 1 grade II (blood transfusion) and 1 grade IIIb (vaginal bleeding after VE). None of our procedures were converted to open surgeries and no deaths were reported. For the recipients: 1.7% presented delayed graft function; their median GFR at 1 year was 61mL/min/1.73m2. CONCLUSION: RLDN in an expert center appears to be a safe technique. The advantages of the robot device in terms of ergonomy don't hamper the surgical outcomes. Donor, recipient and graft survivals seem comparable to the reported laparoscopic outcomes in the literature.


Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Feminino , Humanos , Rim , Laparoscopia/métodos , Doadores Vivos , Nefrectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos
2.
Am J Transplant ; 17(12): 3219-3227, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28758341

RESUMO

In the phase II IM103-100 study, kidney transplant recipients were first randomized to belatacept more-intensive-based (n = 74), belatacept less-intensive-based (n = 71), or cyclosporine-based (n = 73) immunosuppression. At 3-6 months posttransplant, belatacept-treated patients were re-randomized to receive belatacept every 4 weeks (4-weekly, n = 62) or every 8 weeks (8-weekly, n = 60). Patients initially randomized to cyclosporine continued to receive cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Cumulative rates of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) from first randomization to year 10 were 22.8%, 37.0%, and 25.8% for belatacept more-intensive, belatacept less-intensive, and cyclosporine, respectively (belatacept more-intensive vs cyclosporine: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-1.92; P = .89; belatacept less-intensive vs cyclosporine: HR = 1.61; 95% CI 0.85-3.05; P = .15). Cumulative BPAR rates from second randomization to year 10 for belatacept 4-weekly, belatacept 8-weekly, and cyclosporine were 11.1%, 21.9%, and 13.9%, respectively (belatacept 4-weekly vs cyclosporine: HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.35-3.17, P = .92; belatacept 8-weekly vs cyclosporine: HR = 2.00, 95% CI 0.75-5.35, P = .17). Renal function trends were estimated using a repeated-measures model. Estimated mean GFR values at year 10 for belatacept 4-weekly, belatacept 8-weekly, and cyclosporine were 67.0, 68.7, and 42.7 mL/min per 1.73 m2 , respectively (P<.001 for overall treatment effect). Although not statistically significant, rates of BPAR were 2-fold higher in patients administered belatacept every 8 weeks vs every 4 weeks.


Assuntos
Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Testes de Função Renal , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida
3.
Am J Transplant ; 17(5): 1370-1379, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27862923

RESUMO

The aim of this study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01744470) was to determine the efficacy and safety of two different doses of extended-release tacrolimus (TacER) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) between 4 and 12 mo after transplantation. Stable steroid-free KTRs were randomized (1:1) after 4 mo: Group A had a 50% reduction in TacER dose with a targeted TacER trough level (C0 ) >3 µg/L; group B had no change in TacER dose (TacER C0 7-12 µg/L). The primary outcome was estimated GFR at 1 year. Of 300 patients, the intent-to-treat analysis included 186 patients (group A, n = 87; group B, n = 99). TacER C0 was lower in group A than in group B at 6 mo (4.1 ± 2.7 vs. 6.7 ± 3.9 µg/L, p < 0.0001) and 12 mo (5.6 ± 2.0 vs. 7.4 ± 2.1 µg/L, p < 0.0001). Estimated GFR was similar in both groups at 12 mo (group A, 56.0 ± 17.5 mL/min per 1.73 m²; group B, 56.0 ± 22.1 mL/min per 1.73 m²). More rejection episodes occurred in group A than group B (11 vs. 3; p = 0.016). At 1 year, subclinical inflammation occurred more frequently in group A than group B (inflammation score [i] >0: 21.4% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.047; tubulitis score [t] >0: 19.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.076; i + t: 1.14 ± 1.21 vs. 0.72 ± 1.01, p = 0.038). Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies appeared only in group A (6 vs. 0 patients, p = 0.008). TacER C0 should be maintained >7 µg/L during the first year after transplantation in low-immunological-risk, steroid-free KTRs receiving a moderate dose of mycophenolic acid.


Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Tacrolimo/farmacologia , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplantados , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rejeição de Enxerto/sangue , Rejeição de Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Isoanticorpos/imunologia , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
4.
Am J Transplant ; 16(4): 1102-12, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26603381

RESUMO

Belatacept is a B7-specific fusion protein used to prevent allograft rejection by blocking T cell costimulation. Generally efficacious, it fails to prevent acute rejection in a sizable minority of patients. In experimental models, memory T cells mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection (CoBRR), but this remains undefined in humans. To explore relationships between individual patients' immune cell phenotypes and CoBRR, we studied patients receiving belatacept or conventional calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression. We identified a population of CD57(+) PD1(-) CD4 T cells present prior to transplantation that correlated with CoBRR. Contrary to data recognizing CD57 as a marker of senescence on CD8 T cells, we discovered a nonsenescent, cytolytic phenotype associated with CD57 on CD4 T cells. Moreover, CD57(+) CD4 T cells expressed high levels of adhesion molecules implicated in experimental CoBRR, were CD28(-) , expressed a transcriptional phenotype broadly defining allograft rejection and were shown to be present in rejecting human kidney allografts. These data implicate CD57(+) CD4 T cells in clinical CoBRR. If prospectively validated, this characteristic could identify patients at higher risk for acute rejection on belatacept-based therapy.


Assuntos
Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Antígenos CD57/metabolismo , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim , Adulto , Aloenxertos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Citometria de Fluxo , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Memória Imunológica , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Testes de Função Renal , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco
5.
Am J Transplant ; 16(11): 3192-3201, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27130868

RESUMO

In the Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-Line Immunosuppression Trial-Extended Criteria Donors (BENEFIT-EXT), extended criteria donor kidney recipients were randomized to receive belatacept-based (more intense [MI] or less intense [LI]) or cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. In prior analyses, belatacept was associated with significantly better renal function compared with cyclosporine. In this prospective analysis of the intent-to-treat population, efficacy and safety were compared across regimens at 7 years after transplant. Overall, 128 of 184 belatacept MI-treated, 138 of 175 belatacept LI-treated and 108 of 184 cyclosporine-treated patients contributed data to these analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) comparing time to death or graft loss were 0.915 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.625-1.339; p = 0.65) for belatacept MI versus cyclosporine and 0.927 (95% CI 0.634-1.356; p = 0.70) for belatacept LI versus cyclosporine. Mean estimated GFR (eGFR) plus or minus standard error at 7 years was 53.9 ± 1.9, 54.2 ± 1.9, and 35.3 ± 2.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2 for belatacept MI, belatacept LI and cyclosporine, respectively (p < 0.001 for overall treatment effect). HRs comparing freedom from death, graft loss or eGFR <20 mL/min per 1.73 m2 were 0.754 (95% CI 0.536-1.061; p = 0.10) for belatacept MI versus cyclosporine and 0.706 (95% CI 0.499-0.998; p = 0.05) for belatacept LI versus cyclosporine. Acute rejection rates and safety profiles of belatacept- and cyclosporine-based treatment were similar. De novo donor-specific antibody incidence was lower for belatacept (p ≤ 0.0001). Relative to cyclosporine, belatacept was associated with similar death and graft loss and improved renal function at 7 years after transplant and had a safety profile consistent with previous reports.


Assuntos
Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
6.
Ann Oncol ; 27(4): 559-74, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26715621

RESUMO

Monoclonal antibodies targeted against the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have recently obtained approval for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and advanced/refractory non small-cell lung cancers. Therefore, their use will not be limited anymore to selected hospitals involved in clinical trials. Indeed, they will be routinely prescribed in many cancer centers across the world. Besides their efficacy profile, these immune targeted agents also generate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This new family of dysimmune toxicities remains largely unknown to the broad oncology community. Although severe irAEs remain rare (∼10% of cases under monotherapy), they can become life-threatening if not anticipated and managed appropriately. Over the last 5 years, Gustave Roussy has accumulated a significant experience in the prescription of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies and the management of their toxicities. Together with the collaboration of Gustave Roussy's network of organ specialists with expertise in irAEs, we propose here some practical guidelines for the oncologist to help in the clinical care of patients under ICB immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Antígeno CTLA-4/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/patologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Melanoma/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia
7.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 18(3): 415-22, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27027787

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with premature aging of the T-cell system. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of pre-transplant ESRD-related immune senescence is unknown. METHODS: We studied whether immune risk phenotype (IRP), a typical feature of immune senescence, may affect post-transplant infectious complications. A total of 486 patients were prospectively studied during the first year post transplant. IRP was defined as positive cytomegalovirus serology with at least 1 of the following criteria: CD4/CD8 ratio <1 and/or CD8 T-cell count >90th percentile. RESULTS: We found that 47 patients (9.7%) had pre-transplant IRP. IRP+ patients did not differ from IRP- patients for any clinical characteristics, but exhibited more pronounced immune senescence. Both opportunistic infections (43% vs. 6%, P < 0.001) and severe bacterial infection (SBI) (40% vs. 25%, P = 0.028) were more frequent in IRP(+) patients. In multivariate analysis, IRP was predictive of both opportunistic infection (hazard ratio [HR] 2.97 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.53-5.76], P = 0.001), and SBI (HR 2.33 [95% CI 1.34-3.92], P = 0.008). Acute rejection rates were numerically much lower in IRP+ patients. A total of 418 patients (86%) had biological evaluation 1 year post transplant. Among 41 IRP+ patients, 35 (85%) remained IRP+ 1 year post transplant. CONCLUSION: Pre-transplant IRP is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/tratamento farmacológico , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Falência Renal Crônica/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Rim/cirurgia , Rim/virologia , Falência Renal Crônica/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas , Fatores de Risco , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Transplantados
8.
Am J Transplant ; 15(5): 1303-12, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25808994

RESUMO

Markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may identify patients at high risk of graft fibrogenesis who could benefit from early calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal. In a randomized, open-label, 12-month trial, de novo kidney transplant patients received cyclosporine, enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) and steroids to month 3. Patients were stratified as EMT+ or EMT- based on month 3 biopsy, then randomized to start everolimus with half-dose EC-MPS (720 mg/day) and cyclosporine withdrawal (CNI-free) or continue cyclosporine with standard EC-MPS (CNI). The primary endpoint was progression of graft fibrosis (interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy [IF/TA] grade increase ≥1 between months 3-12) in EMT+ patients. 194 patients were randomized (96 CNI-free, 98 CNI); 153 (69 CNI-free, 84 CNI) were included in histological analyses. Fibrosis progression occurred in 46.2% (12/26) CNI-free EMT+ patients versus 51.6% (16/31) CNI EMT+ patients (p = 0.68). Biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR, including subclinical events) occurred in 25.0% and 5.1% of CNI-free and CNI patients, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, early CNI withdrawal with everolimus initiation does not prevent interstitial fibrosis. Using this CNI-free protocol, in which everolimus exposure was relatively low and administered with half-dose EC-MPS, CNI-free patients were overwhelmingly under-immunosuppressed and experienced an increased risk of BPAR.


Assuntos
Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Everolimo/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Rim , Rim/patologia , Insuficiência Renal/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Inibidores de Calcineurina/administração & dosagem , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Fibrose , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 17(2): 322-7, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25645691

RESUMO

Immunization against meningococcal disease is recommended for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at high risk for meningococcal disease or travelling to an endemic country. However, the immunogenicity of meningococcal vaccines has not been studied in this population. We analyzed the immune response of quadrivalent (against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W) polysaccharidic non-conjugate and conjugate meningococcal vaccines in kidney- and liver-transplant patients using bactericidal assays against the targeted serogroups. Upon vaccination with a non-conjugate (n = 5) or a conjugate vaccine (n = 10), respectively, 40% and 50% of patients were able to mount an immune response, achieving at least the threshold correlated with protection defined as human serum bactericidal antibody titers of ≥4. Responders showed only partial and low responses (titers ≤64), thus predicting a rapid decline in bactericidal response. Only 1 patient developed a booster response to preexisting immunity. Our data argue for the need of additional measures for SOT recipients, when they are at risk of meningococcal disease.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Fígado , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Meningocócicas/uso terapêutico , Neisseria meningitidis/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo A/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo C/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo W-135/imunologia , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo Y/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Transplantados , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/uso terapêutico
10.
Am J Transplant ; 13(10): 2734-8, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23915219

RESUMO

Domino liver transplantation (DLT) has become an accepted procedure designed to address problems with organ limited supply. However, cases of acquired amyloid neuropathy are increasingly being recognized following this procedure. Until now, only one patient had undergone liver retransplantation and follow-up findings were not reported. We describe the case of a 72-year-old patient with partial recovery from acquired amyloid neuropathy following retransplantation with a deceased donor 7 years after DLT performed for end-stage liver disease. His clinical and paraclinical improvement is described, and the impact of this case on the indication for a domino procedure and the challenges linked to retransplantation are discussed.


Assuntos
Neuropatias Amiloides/fisiopatologia , Doença Hepática Terminal/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Fígado , Neuropatias Amiloides/etiologia , Neuropatias Amiloides/cirurgia , Cadáver , Doença Hepática Terminal/complicações , Doença Hepática Terminal/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Reoperação , Doadores de Tecidos
11.
Am J Transplant ; 13(9): 2458-61, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23834702

RESUMO

Immunization using live attenuated vaccines represents a contra-indication after solid organ transplantation (SOT): consequently, transplant candidates planning to travel in countries where yellow fever is endemic should be vaccinated prior to transplantation. The persistence of yellow fever vaccine-induced antibodies after transplantation has not been studied yet. We measured yellow-fever neutralizing antibodies in 53 SOT recipients vaccinated prior to transplantation (including 29 kidney recipients and 18 liver recipients). All but one (98%) had protective titers of antibodies after a median duration of 3 years (min.: 0.8, max.: 21) after transplantation. The median antibody level was 40 U/L (interquartile range: 40-80). For the 46 patients with a known or estimated date of vaccination, yellow-fever antibodies were still detectable after a median time of 13 years (range: 2-32 years) post-immunization. Our data suggest there is long-term persistence of antibodies to yellow fever in SOT recipients who have been vaccinated prior to transplantation.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Fígado , Imunologia de Transplantes , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/imunologia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos
12.
Prog Urol ; 23(5): 329-35, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23545008

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the frequency, circumstances of diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic arterial aneurysms and compare them to the literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A single-center series of 3000 kidney transplants and 126 pancreas transplants between 1974 and 2010 was studied retrospectively. Ten patients had anastomotic arterial aneurysms: eight after kidney transplantation and two after pancreas-kidney transplantation. Diagnosis was based on the association Doppler ultrasonography-angioscanner. RESULTS: Ten arterial anastomotic aneurysms were identified. The circumstances of discovery were clinical in eight cases, half of them by hemodynamic collapsus. A majority of our patients (60%) were diagnosed in the year following the transplantation and two cases were discovered after transplantectomy. Pancreas-kidney transplantation had a high risk for arterial anastomotic aneurysm. Candida albicans was isolated in preoperative samples in four cases. The management consisted to transplantectomy in seven patients, revascularization of the lower limb in six patients and one renal transplant preservation. We found two lower limb ischemia and two deaths by a fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and vascular cerebral haemorrhage. No recurrence was identified after in the follow-up ranged from 20 months to 12 years. CONCLUSION: Arterial anastomotic aneurysm was in our study a serious complication that requires emergency surgery. The transplantectomy followed by revascularization of the limb is the treatment of choice associated to an appropriate antifungal or antibiotic treatment.


Assuntos
Aneurisma/diagnóstico , Aneurisma/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Aneurisma/etiologia , Artérias/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
13.
Am J Transplant ; 12(3): 630-9, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22300431

RESUMO

Recipients of extended-criteria donor (ECD) kidneys have poorer long-term outcomes compared to standard-criteria donor kidney recipients. We report 3-year outcomes from a randomized, phase III study in recipients of de novo ECD kidneys (n = 543) assigned (1:1:1) to either a more intensive (MI) or less intensive (LI) belatacept regimen, or cyclosporine. Three hundred twenty-three patients completed treatment by year 3. Patient survival with a functioning graft was comparable between groups (80% in MI, 82% in LI, 80% in cyclosporine). Mean calculated GFR (cGFR) was 11 mL/min higher in belatacept-treated versus cyclosporine-treated patients (42.7 in MI, 42.2 in LI, 31.5 mL/min in cyclosporine). More cyclosporine-treated patients (44%) progressed to GFR <30 mL/min (chronic kidney disease [CKD] stage 4/5) than belatacept-treated patients (27-30%). Acute rejection rates were similar between groups. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occurrence was higher in belatacept-treated patients (two in MI, three in LI), most of which occurred during the first 18 months; four additional cases (3 in LI, 1 in cyclosporine) occurred after 3 years. Tuberculosis was reported in two MI, four LI and no cyclosporine patients. In conclusion, at 3 years after transplantation, immunosuppression with belatacept resulted in similar patient survival, graft survival and acute rejection, with better renal function compared with cyclosporine. As previously reported, PTLD and tuberculosis were the principal safety findings associated with belatacept in this study population.


Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Abatacepte , Adulto , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Testes de Função Renal , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida
14.
Am J Transplant ; 10(8): 1925-30, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20636462

RESUMO

We report 10 cases of intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in renal transplant (RT) recipients who were treated with fumagillin. All patients presented with afebrile subacute diarrhea (median of 2 weeks), associated with abdominal cramps (n = 5), and weight loss (n = 6), a mean of 68 months after RT. The diagnosis was made by the identification of microsporidial spores in stools with the use of appropriate staining and confirmed by a specific polymerase chain reaction assay for E. bieneusi in 7 patients. Median CD4 cell count was 292 cells/mm(3). All patients received a median of 14 days of oral fumagillin (20 mg tid), and four patients also discontinued or tapered their immunosuppressive regimen (mycophenolate mofetil in 3, and azathioprine in 2). Clinical symptoms resolved rapidly with the clearance of microsporidial spores from stools in all patients. A severe but reversible thrombocytopenia was observed in one patient during fumagillin therapy, and another patient presented with abdominal cramps. Trough levels of tacrolimus measured in seven patients dropped below 5 ng/mL in six of them after 7-14 days of fumagillin. Intestinal microsporidiosis can cause subacute diarrhea in RT recipients. Fumagillin is an effective treatment with an acceptable safety profile, but monitoring of tacrolimus levels is warranted.


Assuntos
Cicloexanos/uso terapêutico , Enterocytozoon , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/uso terapêutico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Microsporidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico
15.
Am J Transplant ; 10(7): 1695-700, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20642691

RESUMO

Erythropoietin promotes nephroprotection in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neorecormon and Prevention of Delayed Graft Function (Neo-PDGF) is a French open-label multicenter randomized study to evaluate the effect of high doses of epoetin beta (EPO-beta) during the first 2 weeks of renal transplantation on renal function in patients at risk for delayed graft function (DGF). One hundred and four patients were included in the study. Patients randomized in treatment group (A) received four injections of EPO-beta (30.000 UI each), given before surgery and at 12 h, 7 days and 14 days posttransplantation. Patients randomized in control group (B) did not receive EPO-beta. Immunosuppression included induction with basiliximab and maintenance therapy with steroids, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. At 1 month posttransplant, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD formula) was 42.5 +/- 19.0 mL/min in the EPO-beta group and 44.0 +/- 16.3 mL/min in the control group (p = ns). The frequency of DGF was similar in both groups (32% vs. 38.8%; p = ns). No difference in the incidence of serious adverse events was observed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00815867.).


Assuntos
Função Retardada do Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Eritropoetina/uso terapêutico , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Basiliximab , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , França , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Recombinantes , Diálise Renal , Segurança , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico
16.
Am J Transplant ; 10(3): 547-57, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20415898

RESUMO

Recipients of extended criteria donor (ECD) kidneys are at increased risk for graft dysfunction/loss, and may benefit from immunosuppression that avoids calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity. Belatacept, a selective costimulation blocker, may preserve renal function and improve long-term outcomes versus CNIs. BENEFIT-EXT (Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-line Immunosuppression Trial-EXTended criteria donors) is a 3-year, Phase III study that assessed a more (MI) or less intensive (LI) regimen of belatacept versus cyclosporine in adult ECD kidney transplant recipients. The co-primary endpoints at 12 months were composite patient/graft survival and a composite renal impairment endpoint. Patient/graft survival with belatacept was similar to cyclosporine (86% MI, 89% LI, 85% cyclosporine) at 12 months. Fewer belatacept patients reached the composite renal impairment endpoint versus cyclosporine (71% MI, 77% LI, 85% cyclosporine; p = 0.002 MI vs. cyclosporine; p = 0.06 LI vs. cyclosporine). The mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 4-7 mL/min higher on belatacept versus cyclosporine (p = 0.008 MI vs. cyclosporine; p = 0.1039 LI vs. cyclosporine), and the overall cardiovascular/metabolic profile was better on belatacept versus cyclosporine. The incidence of acute rejection was similar across groups (18% MI; 18% LI; 14% cyclosporine). Overall rates of infection and malignancy were similar between groups; however, more cases of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occurred in the CNS on belatacept. ECD kidney transplant recipients treated with belatacept-based immunosuppression achieved similar patient/graft survival, better renal function, had an increased incidence of PTLD, and exhibited improvement in the cardiovascular/metabolic risk profile versus cyclosporine-treated patients.


Assuntos
Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Abatacepte , Adulto , Inibidores de Calcineurina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco
17.
Am J Transplant ; 9(3): 517-26, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19191772

RESUMO

Chronic renal allograft injury is often reflected by interstitial fibrosis (IF) and tubular atrophy (TA) without evidence of specific etiology. In most instances, IF/TA remains an irreversible disorder, representing a major cause of long-term allograft loss. As members of the protease family metzincins and functionally related genes are involved in fibrotic and sclerotic processes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), we hypothesized their deregulation in IF/TA. Gene expression and protein level analyses using allograft biopsies with and without Banff'05 classified IF/TA illustrated their deregulation. Expression profiles of these genes differentiated IF/TA from Banff'05 classified Normal biopsies in three independent microarray studies and demonstrated histological progression of IF/TA I to III. Significant upregulation of matrix metalloprotease-7 (MMP-7) and thrombospondin-2 (THBS-2) in IF/TA biopsies and sera was revealed in two independent patient sets. Furthermore, elevated THBS-2, osteopontin (SPP1) and beta-catenin may play regulatory roles on MMP. Our findings further suggest that deregulated ECM remodeling and possibly epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are implicated in IF/TA of kidney transplants, and that metzincins and related genes play an important role in these processes. Profiling of these genes may be used to complement IF/TA diagnosis and to disclose IF/TA progression in kidney transplant recipients.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Transplante de Rim , Adulto , Atrofia/genética , Feminino , Fibrose/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Nefropatias/genética , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Nefropatias/fisiopatologia , Nefropatias/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/classificação , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 7 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 7 da Matriz/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Trombospondinas/genética , Transplante Homólogo
18.
Panminerva Med ; 51(4): 249-55, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20195235

RESUMO

Thanks to new surgical techniques and the use of calcineurin inhibitors for the prevention of allograft rejection, the long-term outcome of liver transplantation has recently improved. In case of liver transplantation, the occurrence of renal failure can impair the outcome. Renal function preservation is, therefore, necessary to improve transplantation outcome.


Assuntos
Rim/fisiopatologia , Falência Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Insuficiência Renal/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Falência Hepática/complicações , Falência Hepática/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Insuficiência Renal/fisiopatologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
19.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol ; 33 Suppl 4: S247-52, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20004330

RESUMO

The safety and tolerability of everolimus has been evaluated in a randomized, phase II trial, comparing 3 doses of everolimus to a placebo, in association with cyclosporine and corticosteroids, after liver transplantation. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of the composite end point (graft failure, biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft loss, death, or loss to follow-up) or its individual components. Although there were lower rates of treated acute rejection and mortality with the higher dosages (2 and 4 mg/day), these did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, freedom from rejection correlated with trough blood levels of everolimus: patients with levels of 3 ng/mL or less had rejection rates 3-fold higher than patients with levels exceeding 3 ng/mL. All graft losses and most deaths were associated with typical posttransplant complications, not with study medication and not due to hepatic artery thrombosis. There were no clear dose-related differences among groups for hematology parameters. After transplantation, renal function declined to a similar extent in all 4 groups. The overall incidence of infection was comparable between groups (61-77%). Although the interpretation of the results of this trial is hampered by the small sample sizes of patient groups (about 30 in each group) and the high dropout rates (about 50%), this study suggests that everolimus is an effective immunosuppressive agent with an acceptable patient tolerance and safety profile after liver transplantation.


Assuntos
Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/antagonistas & inibidores , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Everolimo , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Placebos , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Sirolimo/efeitos adversos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR
20.
Transpl Immunol ; 20(1-2): 29-31, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18817870

RESUMO

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) cyclosporine (Csa) and tacrolimus (Tac) are now first intention immunosuppressive drugs in renal transplantation. However, although these treatments are effective for preventing allograft rejection, they are nephrotoxic: they can cause chronic renal dysfunction and degradation of renal graft function [Nankivell BJ, et al. The natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 11;349(24):2326-33]. In view of these undesirable effects, several strategies have been developed to minimize or even avoid their use. These strategies are reviewed and discussed in this paper.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle , Tacrolimo/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Basiliximab , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Rejeição de Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagem
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