The effect of music on pain, comfort, and physiological parameters during premature retinopathy examination.

AIM: To determine the effect of music applied during the ROP examination on pain, comfort, and physiological parameters in preterm infants. METHODS: The sample of this prospective randomized controlled double-blind experimental study consisted of 28 preterm infants who were examined for ROP of a tertiary hospital in the Neonatal Unit. Data were collected with a Questionnaire, Physiological Parameters Observation Form (PPOF), Revised-Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP-R), and Premature Infant Comfort Scale (PICS). RESULTS: The results revealed that the crying times of the infants in the experimental group were shorter than the infants in the control group. The preterm infants in the experimental group had statistically lower PIPP-R scores during and after the procedure than the PIPP-R scores of the infants in the control group (p < 0.001) and the music applied to the preterm infants resulted in a mean decrease of 3.857 in the post-procedure and pre-procedure PIPP-R scores (p < 0.05). While there was no statistical difference between the pre-procedure and pre-procedural PICS scores of the preterm infants in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.599; p = 117), the post-procedure PICS values of the preterm infants in the experimental group were found to be lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). It was found that the music applied to preterm infants during the ROP examination resulted in a mean decrease of 1.286 in PICS scores after the procedure and before the procedure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was determined that the music listened to during the ROP examination decreased the PIPP-R pain scores of preterm infants, had a positive effect on the PICS scores after the procedure, but did not affect the physiological parameters positively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05263973.

Managing food allergies at school: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of childhood allergic diseases, including food allergies, has increased globally. Parents and children have experienced psychosocial and financial difficulties, decreased quality of life, anxiety, and depression in the management of food allergies in schools. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the challenges experienced by mothers of children with food allergies during their children's school life. DESIGN: A qualitative phenomenological study design was used. METHODS: Online interviews were conducted with 9 mothers who have children with food allergies between June-August 2022. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The COREQ checklist was used in the study. RESULTS: The ages of the mothers participating in the study ranged from 28 to 40. Four themes were generated from 75 codes: 1) Problems experienced in the process of utilizing health services, 2) Burden of care, 3) Coming out of the shell: The school process, and 4) Environmental and social perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers carried the burden of food allergy management during the school process, and the increased burden of care negatively impacted mothers emotionally, physically, and socially. Also, mothers were anxious about the safety of their school-age children with food allergies and their experiences with school administration, teachers, and other parents made it difficult for food allergy management in the school environment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Children with chronic health problems such as food allergies need to be closely monitored by a health professional in school to ensure their safety. Nurses have a pivotal role in supporting families to address their child's food allergies competently, hence fostering positive health outcomes. This study showed that there was a need for the development of school health policies to ensure the safety of children with food allergies and to reduce anxiety and care burden among mothers.

Determining family relations through drawing: Family relations in images drawn by immigrant children.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate family relations of immigrant children with the drawing method. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample, which was carried out using the visual phenomenology method, consisted of 60 immigrant children between the ages of 4-14. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews with the children and family, using the Family Information Form and the Family Drawing Test. The data obtained from the drawings were analyzed with the MAXQDA 2022 program. RESULTS: The pictures drawn by the children were examined and 3 themes (Chaos, Necessity, Development) and 9 sub-themes (Interpersonal Relations, Thoughts about Future, Violence, Authority, Emotional State, Communication, Needs and Desires, Role Modeling, Personality) were formed. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the family relations of immigrant children were adversely affected, children had conflicts with family members, were exposed to violence, felt many emotions, such as fear, anxiety, loneliness, anger, longing, exclusion, and needed communication, attention, and support. IMPLICATION TO PRACTICE: It is thought that nurses could use the picture analysis method to understand the feelings and thoughts of children.

A predictor of emotional eating in adolescents: Social anxiety.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of social anxiety on emotional eating in adolescents. The sample consisted of 1027 adolescents between aged 14-18 studying in the 9-12th grades of the high schools in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2018-2019 academic year. Ethics Committee and institutional permission was obtained in this study, data were collected by a questionnaire, the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R), and The Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Use in Children and Adolescents (EES-C). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and simple linear regression analysis. Adolescents had a mean SASC-R and EES-C score of 43.49 ± 16.56 and 61.93 ± 18.68, respectively. It was found that there was a relationship between EES-C mean scores and SASC-R mean scores, and they explained 35.0 % of the scores they got from the EES-C scale (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adolescents had moderate emotional eating and social anxiety. The higher the social anxiety, the higher the emotional eating. School personnel, parents and healthcare professionals need education about social anxiety and eating disorders in adolescents in order to detect symptoms early and intervene to better support adolescents struggling with social anxiety.

Social exclusion and behavior problems in adolescents with cancer and healthy counterparts.

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine social exclusion, internalized and externalized behavioral problems in adolescents with cancer and to compare them with healthy counterparts. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample consisted of adolescents age 10-19 years (N = 70) followed up in the hemato-oncology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and healthy adolescents age 10-19 years (N = 92) who were studying in secondary and high schools. The data were collected with a questionnaire for adolescents with cancer and healthy adolescents, The Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents (OES-A), Youth Externalizing Behavior Screener (YEBS), and Youth Internalizing Problems Screener (YIPS). RESULTS: The OES-A mean scores of cancer and healthy adolescents in the study were 35.68 ± 9.38 and 27.64 ± 5.35 (p ≤ 0.001), the YEBS mean scores were 23.51 ± 4.88 and 20.52 ± 5.42 (p ≤ 0.001), and the YIPS mean scores were 21.72 ± 6.48 and 19.18 ± 7.60 (p = 0.007), respectively. There was a low-level positive correlation between the mean scores of the OES-A and YEBS (r = 0.345, p < 0.05) and mean scores of the YEBS and YIPS (r = 0.308, p < 0.05) of adolescents with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with cancer had higher scores on social exclusion, internalized and externalized behavioral problems than healthy counterparts in the current study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The current study should lead pediatric oncology nurses to be more aware of social exclusion and internalized and externalized behavioral problems in adolescents with cancer after clinical treatment, and to provide appropriate psycho-oncological care.

The contribution of social media addiction to adolescent LIFE: Social appearance anxiety.

The use of social media by adolescents, who spend about 3 hours a day on social media, is dominated by visual communication. Nowadays, appearance ideals are presented through social media platforms. Exposure to these popular ideals of appearance could cause appearance-based anxiety and adolescents to develop binge-eating behavior. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine social appearance anxiety, social media addictions, and emotional eating behaviors of adolescents. 1363 adolescents, living in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey, were included in the study. Data were collected with a Questionnaire form, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), and Emotional Eating Scale (EES-C). 24.4% of adolescents are social media addicts. No relationship was found between adolescents' social appearance anxiety, social media addictions, and emotional eating behaviors. However, social appearance anxiety and social media addictions of girls, those who perceive their family income as low and who think that they are influenced by social media influencers have higher anxiety. The value of this study is that it shows that gender, low income perception, time spent on social media, being influenced by influencers, following influencers who share diet and nutrition content, and social media addiction are associated with social appearance anxiety. As a result, it is thought that social media addiction and being affected by social media influencers increase social appearance anxiety in adolescents and pose a risk in terms of adolescents' mental health.

A comparison of emotional eating, social anxiety and parental attitude among adolescents with obesity and healthy: A case-control study.

This case-controlled study was conducted to determine and compare the emotional eating, social anxiety and parental attitude in those adolescents with obesity and healthy counterparts. The sample of the study consist of obese adolescents in 14-18 aged (n = 150) followed up in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and healthy adolescents in 14-18 aged (n = 150) who were studying in high schools. The data were collected using a questionnaire form, Emotional Eating Scale Adapted to Use in Children and Adolescents (EES-C), Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R) and Parenting Style Scale (PSS). The SASC-R and EES-C mean scores of obese adolescents were 39.03 ± 13.09 (p ≤ 0.001) and 76.66 ± 16.30 (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The mean scores of PSS-AI, PSS-SS and PSS-PA subscales in obese adolescents were 26.80 ± 4.42 (p ≤ 0.001), 28.14 ± 4.06 (p ≤ 0.001) and 22.32 ± 4.63 (p = 0.037), respectively. There was a low-level correlation between the EES-C and SASC-R mean scores of obese adolescents (p < 0.05). The mean scores of PSS-AI, PSS-SS and PSS-PA subscales of PSS with EES-C and SASC-R of obese adolescents were no correlated (p > 0.05). In this study, the mean scores of the emotional eating and social anxiety of obese adolescents were higher than healthy ones. There was a low level of positive correlation between emotional eating and social anxiety mean scores of obese adolescents.

A Comparison of Aggression and Self-injury Among Type 1 Diabetic and Healthy Adolescents: A Sample From Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents tend to have risky behaviors like aggression and self-injury due to the age period characteristics. The risk of aggression and self-injury may increase in adolescents with the addition of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted descriptively to determine and compare the aggression and self-injury in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy counterparts. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 adolescents with T1DM followed up in the child endocrinology polyclinic of a university hospital and 319 healthy counterparts, 15-18 aged, at 9th-12th grade at high school. In the study, the permission of the institution, Ethical Committee, the parent and adolescent consent, the data were collected using a questionnaire form, Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS). The descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, Student t, Chi-square, Spearman correlation tests were used for analyzing data. RESULTS: The mean scores of AQ all subscales and the total scale of healthy adolescents were higher than adolescents with T1DM (p<0.05). Mean ISAS scores of adolescents with T1DM were higher than the healthy ones (p>0.05). The mean scores of autonomic function, social function and ISAS were positively moderately correlated with the mean scores of total aggression in both healthy and diabetic adolescents (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the age period characteristics, training about anger-stress management and effective communication skill to adolescents and their parents may be recommended by health professionals.

Anxiety and healthcare satisfaction of mothers with children hospitalized in the pediatric emergency service.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the anxiety and healthcare satisfaction levels of mothers with children hospitalized in the pediatric emergency service and the relationship between them. METHODS: The study sample comprised mothers (n = 316) with children hospitalized in the pediatric emergency service of a tertiary hospital in Turkey. Intsitutional and ethics committee approval was obtained, and data were collected using the Questionnare Form, State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and PedsQL Healthcare Satisfaction Scale (PHSS). RESULTS: The SAI mean scores of mothers were moderate (45.30 ± 9.29) and their PHSS total mean scores were high (70.74 ± 23.80). In the study, there was a low-level negative correlation between the SAI mean scores of the mothers and the PHSS subscales and total scale mean scores (p < 0.05). We found a relationship between the PHSS mean scores of mothers and the SAI mean scores, maternal age, education level, and waiting time for the examination, explaining 13.5% of the scores on the PHSS scale (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, the mothers had moderate anxiety and high healthcare satisfaction levels. Anxiety, educational level, and the waiting for an examination affected the healthcare satisfaction of mothers. The anxiety of mothers whose children are hospitalized in the pediatric emergency service should be reduced by conducting interventional studies.