The Role of Exercise in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. While it primarily affects motor function, patients eventually develop non-motor symptoms including depression, anxiety, and eventually dementia. Although there is currently no cure, treatment is aimed largely at improving quality of life though medication or surgical techniques to reduce motor symptoms. However, there is vast evidence of the benefits of physical activity as adjunct therapy for Parkinson's disease. In this review, we analyze 31 studies or reviews and highlight the role of exercise and rehabilitation in PD treatment. This study serves to provide clinicians with a comprehensive resource of the wide variety of exercises with proven benefit for patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Specifically, patients report significant improvements in motor function, cognition, mood and sleep habits.

Successful Treatment of Tourette Syndrome With a Combination of Guanfacine and Aripiprazole: A Case Series.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of the nervous system that causes motor and vocal tics. Tics occur as sudden onset, rapid stereotyped purposeless movements or sounds. Combination therapies can be utilized for adequate control of motor and vocal tics. Patients diagnosed with TS and treated with aripiprazole and guanfacine from 2011-2022 at Saint Louis University Hospital were retrospectively surveyed. Three patients with TS treated with aripiprazole and guanfacine experienced significant improvement or complete resolution of their motor and vocal tics. In our cohort of three patients, the combination of guanfacine and aripiprazole significantly improved or resolved motor and vocal tics that were previously poorly controlled on other traditional medications.