HIIT is superior than MICT on cardiometabolic health during training and detraining.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the cardiometabolic health of overweight/obese untrained individuals in response to 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT using a field approach, and to 4 weeks of training cessation (TC). METHODS: Twenty-two subjects performed 8 weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT-n = 11) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT-n = 11) (outdoor running), followed by 4 weeks of TC. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism and blood lipids were measured pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST) and TC. RESULTS: HIIT improved eight indicators of cardiometabolic health ([Formula: see text], BMI, body fat, visceral fat, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose and triglycerides-p < 0.05) while MICT only three ([Formula: see text], BMI, and visceral fat-p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of TC, four positive adaptations from HIIT were negatively affected ( [Formula: see text], visceral fat, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol-p < 0.05) and three in the MICT group ([Formula: see text], BMI and visceral fat, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of HIIT performed in a real-world setting promoted a greater number of positive adaptations in cardiometabolic health of individuals with overweight/obese compared to MICT. Most of the positive effects of the HIIT protocol were also found to be longer lasting and maintained after the suspension of high-intensity interval running for 4 weeks. Conversely, all positive effects of MICT protocols were reversed after TC.

Late Neutrophil Priming Following a Single Session of High-intensity Interval Exercise.

This study evaluated the effect of an acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session on the function of human neutrophils. Twelve sedentary men performed a HIIE session (8 bouts of 60 s at 90% of peak power, intercalated with 75 s of active recovery at 30 W). Neutrophils were collected before, 30 min and 24 h after the exercise session for the evaluation of phagocytic capacity, expression of phagocytic receptors, reactive oxygen species generation, and redox status. 24 h after the HIIE session, an increase was observed in both neutrophil phagocytic capacity and yeast-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, which indicates neutrophil priming in response to an acute HIIE session. Neutrophils also presented an increase in superoxide dismutase activity 24 h after the exercise. Improvement in neutrophil function was accompanied by increased serum levels of IL-8 and increased concentration of plasma lactate dehydrogenase. Our findings show a late activating effect of one HIIE session on neutrophils. We propose that priming of neutrophils by HIIE may play a role in skeletal muscle inflammation after exercise.

Infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy improves glucose metabolism and intracellular insulin pathway in adipose tissue of high-fat fed mice.

Obesity represents a continuously growing global epidemic and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The etiology of type 2 diabetes is related to the resistance of insulin-sensitive tissues to its action leading to impaired blood glucose regulation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy might be a non-pharmacological, non-invasive strategy to improve insulin resistance. It has been reported that PBM therapy in combination with physical exercise reduces insulin resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PBM therapy on insulin resistance in obese mice. Male Swiss albino mice received low-fat control diet (n = 16, LFC) or high-fat diet (n = 18, HFD) for 12 weeks. From 9th to 12th week, the mice received PBM therapy (LASER) or Sham (light off) treatment and were allocated into four groups: LFC Sham (n = 8), LFC PBM (n = 8), HFD Sham (n = 9), and HFD PBM (n = 9). The PBM therapy was applied in five locations: to the left and right quadriceps muscle, upper limbs and center of the abdomen, during 40 s at each point, once a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks (780 nm, 250 mW/cm2, 10 J/cm2, 0.4 J per site; 2 J total dose per day). Insulin signaling pathway was evaluated in the epididymal adipose tissue. PBM therapy improved glucose tolerance and phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and reversed the HFD-induced reduction of GLUT4 content and phosphorylation of AS160 (Ser588). Also, PBM therapy reversed the increased area of epididymal and mesenteric adipocytes. The results showed that chronic PBM therapy improved parameters related to obesity and insulin resistance in HFD-induced obesity in mice.

Caryocar brasiliense oil improves cardiac function by increasing Serca2a/PLB ratio despite no significant changes in cardiovascular risk factors in rats.

BACKGROUND: Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil is high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA), especially oleic, and in carotenoids, which have been associated with protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this food is poorly studied in this context, especially in the cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of pequi oil in systemic cardiovascular risk factors and in the ex vivo cardiac function of rats. METHODS: Previously, we determined fatty acids and carotenoids in pequi oil. Next, male rats were divided in C - control group feed a standard diet, and PO - pequi oil group fed the same diet added pequi oil (+2.25 g.100 g-1). After 15 weeks, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic lipids were accessed and visceral fat pads were harvested. Hearts were used for the ex vivo cardiac function, histologic assays, SERCA2a and phospholanban (PLB) determinations. RESULTS: In agreement with scientific data, pequi oil had expressive amounts MUFA, especially oleic acid, and carotenoids. Hepatic triglycerides (TG) were reduced by pequi oil intake (p < 0.05). All others cardiovascular risk factors were not changed. The intrinsic heart rate was lower in PO group (p < 0.05). SERCA2a content was higher in this group (p < 0.05), without affecting PLB. Also, SERCA2a/PLB ratio increased in PO group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pequi oil intake improved cardiac function ex vivo, despite no significant changes in systemic cardiovascular risk factors. The higher lipid offer in pequi oil diet, its composition in oleic acid and carotenoids could be related to those effects.

Analysis of Self-Care Activities in Type 2 Diabetes in Brazil: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is growing worldwide. It is estimated that 15.7 million people aged between 20 and 79 years live with diabetes in Brazil, and the majority of cases are type 2 diabetes (T2D). To successfully manage diabetes, the patient needs to develop self-care activities. However, there is limited understanding of what self-care activities are performed by people with T2D in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and map studies that evaluate self-care activities in T2D in Brazil. METHODS: This is a scoping review protocol structured according to the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Six databases and gray literature were used. The process of searching, identifying, and evaluating the papers was carried out by 2 independent reviewers, guided by the assumptions established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We sought to answer the following guiding question: How are self-care activities for people with T2D evaluated in Brazil? We included papers and publications in any language, from public and private domains, and with different methodological approaches. RESULTS: Initial database searches produced a total of 681 results. These papers will be critically analyzed, and relevant information will be extracted. Quantitative and qualitative results of the papers reviewed will be presented to respond to the study's objective. We intend to publish the scoping review in the first half of 2024. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol for this scoping review will evaluate the main self-care activities carried out by adults and older people with T2D in Brazil. The results may help identify knowledge gaps and contribute to future research and diabetes education interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/49105.

The ASSIST trial: Acute effects of manipulating strength exercise volume on insulin sensitivity in obese adults: A protocol for a randomized controlled, crossover, clinical trial.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin action is impaired, and an acute bout of strength exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. Current guidelines for strength exercise prescription suggest that 8 to 30 sets could be performed, although it is not known how variations in exercise volume impact insulin sensitivity. Additionally, this means an almost 4-fold difference in time commitment, which might directly impact an individual's motivation and perceived capacity to exercise. This study will assess the acute effects of high- and low-volume strength exercise sessions on insulin sensitivity. After being thoroughly familiarized, 14 obese individuals of both sexes (>40 year old) will undergo 3 random experimental sessions, with a minimum 4-day washout period between them: a high-volume session (7 exercises, 3 sets per exercise, 21 total sets); a low-volume session (7 exercises, 1 set per exercise, 7 total sets); and a control session, where no exercise will be performed. Psychological assessments (feeling, enjoyment, and self-efficacy) will be performed after the sessions. All sessions will be held at night, and the next morning, an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed in a local laboratory, from which indexes of insulin sensitivity will be derived. We believe this study will aid in strength exercise prescription for individuals who claim not to have time to exercise or who perceive high-volume strength exercise intimidating to adhere to. This trial was prospectively registered (ReBEC #RBR-3vj5dc5 https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3vj5dc5).

A MUFA/carotenoid-rich oil ameliorated insulin resistance by improving inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats.

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Caryocar brasiliense pulp oil (pequi oil - PO) is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids and positively implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated PO's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three experimental groups: Control (CD), Western Diet (WD), and Western Diet, with 27% of lard switched by PO (WDP). Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated after 12 weeks of diet protocols in liver and adipose tissue. WDP rats gained less body mass and epididymal fat, had less hepatic fat infiltration, and were more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive than WD (p < 0.05). In the liver, the WDP group had the highest non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, SOD and GPx activities, CAT, SOD II, and HSP72 expression compared to WD (p < 0.05). Adipose tissue IL-6 and TNF were reduced, and IL-10 was increased in WDP compared to WD (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the partial replacement of lard by PO in a Western diet prevented visceral fat accumulation and contributed to reducing inflammation in adipose tissue and liver oxidative stress, improving obesity-related insulin resistance.

Intense Caloric Restriction from Birth Prevents Cardiovascular Aging in Rats.

We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a ∼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, ∼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and ∼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.

Effects of the association of different volumes of strength training with photobiomodulation therapy on insulin resistance: A protocol for a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the main risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Both strength training (ST) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) reduce IR, but the effect of combining different volumes of ST with PBMt is unknown. Methods: Overweight/obese individuals will be assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group): ST with volume following international guidelines (3 sets per exercise - high volume) or one-third of this volume (1 set per exercise - low volume), combined with PBMt or placebo. ST will be performed for 20 sessions over 10 weeks and will consist of 7 exercises. The PBMt will be applied after training sessions using blankets with light emitters (LEDs) placed over the skin on the frontal and the posterior region of the body, following the parameters recommended by the literature. The placebo group will undergo an identical procedure, but blankets will emit insignificant light. To measure plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) will be performed before and after the training period. Thereafter, IR, the area under the curve of glucose and insulin, and OGTT-derived indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance will be calculated. Expected impact on the field: This study will determine the effects of different ST volumes on IR and whether the addition of PBMt potentiates the effects of ST. Because previously sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant individuals might not comply with recommended volumes of exercise, the possibility that adding PBMt to low-volume ST enhances ST effects on IR bears practical significance.

Superior cardiometabolic and cellular adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily sessions of high-intensity interval training in Wistar rats.

This study aimed to compare in rats the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in a single (1xHIIT) or three shorter daily sessions (3xHIIT). Male Wistar rats were assigned to untrained (n = 10), 1xHIIT (n = 10), and 3xHIIT (n = 10) groups. Both HIIT groups performed 15 min of a treadmill run five times per week for 8 weeks. The 1xHIIT performed single daily sessions of 15 min, and the 3xHIIT performed three daily sessions of 5 min with an interval of 4 h between sessions. Resting VO2 and VO2max were measured using a metabolic chamber; blood pressure and heart rate were measured by plethysmography; body composition was estimated by DEXA; Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed; after euthanasia, hearts, gastrocnemius, and visceral fat were harvested for analysis of cardiac function, histology, and morphology. Mitochondrial densities of the gastrocnemius and left ventricle muscles were determined by electron microscopy. 3xHIIT induced similar positive adaptative responses to 1xHIIT on resting VO2 and VO2max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density. 3xHIIT was superior to 1xHIIT in reducing visceral fat weight and adipocyte size and improving insulin tolerance. Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT may be superior to single HIIT daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats.

Determinants of High Fat Mass Index in Preschoolers Living in Brazilian Urban Areas.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the social, environmental, and personal factors associated with high fat mass index in preschoolers. DESIGN: A quantitative, exploratory, and cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-one Brazilian preschoolers from public schools living in urban areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The preschoolers' fat mass index was determined using dual-energy radiological absorptiometry. The quality of home and school environments were accessed using the Early Childhood Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment and Early Childhood Environment Rating Scales. The physical activity levels were recorded by accelerometers. The daily energy intake was recorded and sociodemographic data using the Brazilian Economic Classification criterion. Data on exposure time to screens and parental obesity were collected according to the parents' reports. ANALYSIS: Data analyses were performed using simple and multiple regressions models. RESULTS: Parental obesity (ß, 0.516; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.078-5.133), high quality of environmental stimulation of home (ß, 0.429; 95% CI, 1.294-4.023), and high exposure time to screens (ß, 0.256; 95% CI, 0.215-2.554) explained 43% of preschoolers' high fat mass index. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Identification of parental obesity, high quality of environmental stimulation of home, and high exposure time to screens as the most important determinants of the high fat mass index in preschoolers from Brazilian urban areas.

Modulation of Leukocyte Subsets Mobilization in Response to Exercise by Water Immersion Recovery.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different water immersion temperatures on the kinetics of blood markers of skeletal muscle damage and the main leukocyte subpopulations. Methods: Eleven recreationally trained young men participated in four experimental sessions consisting of unilateral eccentric knee flexion and 90 min of treadmill running at 70% of peak oxygen uptake, followed by 15 min of water immersion recovery at 15, 28 or 38°C. In the control condition participants remained seated at room temperature. Four hours after exercise recovery, participants completed a performance test. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise, after immersion, immediately before and after the performance test and 24 h after exercise. The number of leukocyte populations and the percentage of lymphocyte and monocytes subsets, as well as the serum activity of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined. Results: Leukocytosis and increase in blood markers of skeletal muscle damage were observed after the exercise. Magnitude effect analysis indicated that post-exercise hot-water immersion likely reduced the exercise-induced lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Despite reduced monocyte count, recovery by 38°C immersion, as well as 28°C, likely increased the percentage of non-classical monocytes in the blood. The percentage of CD25+ cells in the CD4 T cell subpopulation was possibly lower after immersion in water at 28 and 15°C. No effect of recovery by water immersion was observed for serum levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase. Conclusions: Recovery by hot-water immersion likely attenuated the leukocytosis and increased the mobilization of non-classical monocytes induced by a single session of exercise combining resistance and endurance exercises, despite no effect of water immersion on markers of skeletal muscle damage. The monocyte response mediated by hot water immersion may lead to the improvement of the inflammatory response evoked by exercise in the skeletal muscle.

Corrigendum: Modulation of leukocyte subsets mobilization in response to exercise by water immersion recovery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.867362.].

Intestinal GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 transporters and blood glucose are reduced by a carotenoid/MUFA-rich oil in high-fat fed mice.

AIMS: Intestinal nutrient absorption plays a vital role in developing obesity, and nutrient transporters expressed in the enterocytes facilitate this process. Moreover, previous studies have shown that specific foods and diets can affect their cell levels. Herein, we investigated the effects of pequi oil (PO), which is high in several bioactive compounds, on intestinal nutrient transporter levels as well as on intestinal morphology and metabolic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS: Groups of male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard (C) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and pequi oil (CP and HFDP with PO by gavage at 150 mg/day) for eight weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored, serum metabolic biomarkers, intestinal transporter levels and histological analyses were performed. KEY FINDINGS: PO increased caloric intake without increasing body or fat mass regardless of diet. The HFD group treated with PO reduced fasting blood glucose and villus width. PO did not affect GLUT2, L-FABP, FATP4, NPC1L1, NHE3 or PEPT1 content in CP or HFDP groups. GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 levels were reduced in both CP and HFDP. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that PO attenuated monosaccharide and fatty acid absorption, contributing to lower fasting glycemia and higher food intake without affecting body weight or visceral fat of high-fat feed mice.

Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice.

AIMS: Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. KEY FINDINGS: Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size.

Refeeding abolishes beneficial effects of severe calorie restriction from birth on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis of adult rats.

OBJECTIVES: Calorie restriction (CR) is an important intervention for reducing adiposity and improving glucose homeostasis. Recently we found that in rats, a severe calorie restriction (SCR) beginning at birth up to adult age promotes positive effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this new model of SCR on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis of rats and to evaluate the effects of refeeding. METHODS: From birth to 90 d of age, rats were divided into an ad libitum (AL) group, which had free access to food, and a CR50 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL group. From this moment, half of the CR50 animals had free access to food (the refeeding group [CR50-R]), and the other half continued 50% restricted for an additional 90-d period. Food intake was assessed daily and body weight weekly. In the final week of the SCR/refeeding protocol, oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed and visceral fat was collected and used for histologic and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Findings from this study revealed that SCR beginning at birth and up to adult life promoted a large decrease in visceral adiposity; improvement in glucose/insulin tolerance; and upregulation of adipose proliferating cell nuclear antigen, sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and adiponectin. Refeeding abolished all of these effects. SCR from birth to adult age promoted beneficial effects on adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis; whereas refeeding abolished these effects.

Polyphenols, antioxidants, and antimutagenic effects of Copaifera langsdorffii fruit.

Copaifera langsdorffii (copaiba) is a Brazilian exotic fruit, poorly studied regarding its bioactive composition. The aim of this study was to determine bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of copaiba pulp. The samples were extracted with different solvents in order to analyze polyphenol compounds (Folin Ciocalteau and HPLC-DAD), total flavonoids (reaction with AlCl3) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ORAC, DPPH). The copaiba fruit showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, catechin, epicatechin and isoquercitrin, were identified in the copaiba pulp. Despite the antioxidant capacity, the highest dose of copaiba showed no antimutagenic effects in the in vivo study. The dose which showed antimutagenic activity was 100 mg kg(-1).

Perfil lipídico de mulheres adultas e sua relação com adiposidade central / Lipid profile of adult women and its relation with central adiposity / Perfil lipídico de mujeres adultas y su relación con la adiposidad central

Determinar o perfil lipídico de mulheres adultas e avaliar a sua relação com os índices antropométricos relacionados à adiposidade central.Métodos: Estudo transversal, conduzido em uma clínica-escola de nutrição de uma universidade pública de Minas Gerais, com 47 mulheres adultas em lista de espera para atendimento. Avaliaram-se as concentrações de colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL), triglicerídeos (TG), peso, estatura,circunferência da cintura (CC) e circunferência do quadril (CQ). Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a relação cintura-quadril(RCQ). A análise da associação entre concentrações séricas de lipídeos e variáveis de adiposidade ocorreu através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Do total de voluntárias, 22 (51,2%) apresentaramníveis de CT acima dos valores limítrofes e 18 (41,9%) apresentaram LDL elevada. A proporção de indivíduos com VLDL e TG elevados foi relativamente inferior (n=4; 9,3% en=10; 23,3%, respectivamente). A CC e a RCQ se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis de VLDL e TG (p<0,05). Nas voluntárias com IMC ≥ 25 kg/m², a prevalência de dislipidemias foi de 39,5% (n=17) e a CC se correlacionou positivamente com os níveis de CT (p = 0,04). Conclusão:Os resultados apontaram relação entre os lipídeos séricos e as medidas de adiposidade central, com frequências importantes de dislipidemias nas mulheres investigadas, especialmente níveis elevados de CT e LDL...

To access the lipid profile of adult women and to evaluate its relationship with anthropometric measures concerning the central adiposity. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical school of nutrition at a public university in Minas Gerais, comprising 47 adult women who were on the waiting list for the service. The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TG), and weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were evaluated. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Analysis of the association of serum lipids to adiposity variables occurred through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Of the volunteers,22 (51.2%) had TC levels above theborderline values and 18 (41.9%) had high LDL. The proportion of subjects with elevated VLDL and TG levels was relatively low (n=4; 9.3% and n=10; 23.3%, respectively). The WC and WHR were positively correlated with the VLDL and TG levels (p <0.05). Among volunteers with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 39.5% (n=17) and WC was positively correlated with TC levels (p = 0.04).Conclusion: Results pointed out an association of serum lipids to the measures of central adiposity, withimportant frequencies of dyslipidemia in the women under investigation, especially high levels of TC and LDL...

Determinar el perfil lipídico de mujeres adultas y evaluar su relación con los índices antropométricos relacionados con la adiposidad central.Métodos: Estudio trasversal realizadoen una clínica-escuela de nutrición de una universidad pública de Minas Gerais, con 47 mujeres adultas del listado de espera de consulta. Se evaluó las concentraciones de colesterol total(CT), lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL), lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL), triglicéridos (TG), peso, altura, circunferencia de la cintura(CC) y circunferencia de la cadera (CC). Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación cintura-cadera (RCC). El análisis de la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas de lípidos y variables de adiposidad se dio a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Del total de voluntarias, 22 (51,2%) presentaron niveles de CT por encima de los valoreslimítrofes y 18 (41,9%) presentaron LDL elevado. La proporción de individuos con VLDL y TG elevados fue relativamente bajo (n=4; 9,3% y n=10; 23,3%, respectivamente). La CC y la RCC se correlacionaron positivamente con los niveles de VLDL y TG (p<0,05). En las voluntarias con el IMC ≥ 25 kg/m², la prevalencia de dislipidemias fue del 39,5% (n=17) y la CC se correlacionó positivamente con los niveles de CT (p = 0,04).Conclusión: Los resultados señalaron relación de los lípidos séricos y lasmedidas de adiposidad central con frecuencias importantes dedislipidemias en las mujeres investigadas, especialmente niveleselevados de CT y LDL...

Efeito de um programa de educação no nível de conhecimento e nas atitudes sobre o diabetes mellitus / The effect of an education program on the knowledge level and attitudes about Diabetes Mellitus

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa de educação no conhecimento e nas atitudes sobre o diabetes em pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: Estudo de intervenção do tipo antes e depois, realizado em dois momentos: antes e doze meses após implantação de um Programa de Educação para Diabéticos (PED). Avaliaram-se 23 portadores de diabetes mellitus atendidos por duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Diamantina-MG, Brasil. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário semiestruturado contendo questões sobre dados pessoais, grau de escolaridade, definição da doença, duração, causas, tratamento, dificuldades no controle e fonte da informação sobre o diabetes. O efeito do programa sobre o conhecimento e atitudes foi avaliado comparando-se o número de respostas corretas referidas antes e após 12 meses de seu início, assim como mudança de atitude sobre a doença. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento do número de respostas corretas sobre os sintomas e complicações do diabetes. O mesmo ocorreu em relação ao reconhecimento da importância da atividade física (27%) e da autoaplicação de insulina (40%) para os tratamentos. Emambos os momentos, mais de 50% dos indivíduos afirmaram ter dificuldade no tratamento do diabetes, sendo o seguimento da dieta, a mais citada. Apenas 4% responderam de forma correta sobre as causas do diabetes nos dois momentos. Conclusão: Houve melhora das noções conceituais dos pacientes, especialmente sobre a definição da doença, seus sintomas e complicações. Fatores como o grau de escolaridade, a idade e a renda podem ter influenciado na aquisição e incorporação de conhecimento, transformando-o em atitudes concretas.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an education program on the knowledge level and attitudes about diabetes in diabetic patients. Methods: It was a before-and-after intervention study carried out in two moments: before and twelve months after implementation of the Diabetes Education Program (PED). We evaluated 23 patients with diabetes mellitus followed by two Basic Health Units from Diamantina-MG, Brazil. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire with questions about personal data, educational level, disease definition, duration, causes, treatment, and difficulties in controlling it and the source of information on diabetes. The effect of the program on knowledge and attitudes was evaluated by comparing the number of correct answers before and after 12 months of its start, as well as changing attitudes about the disease. Results: We observed an increase in the number of correct answers on the diabetes symptoms and complications. The same occurred on the recognition of the importance of physical activity (27%) and on the self-application of insulin (40%) for treatments. In both moments, more than 50% of subjects reported having difficulty in the treatment of diabetes, and following the diet was the most referred. Only 4% answered correctly on the causes of diabetes in both moments. Conclusion: There was an improvement of the conceptual notions of the patients, especially on the definition of the disease, its symptoms and complications. Factors such as education level, age and income may have influenced the acquisition and incorporation of knowledge, changing it into concrete actions.

Qualidade dos carboidratos de dietas consumidas por diabéticas: efeito de um programa de educação / Quality carbohydrate diets consumed by diabetics: effect of an education program

Avaliar o efeito de um Programa de Educação sobre o Índice Glicêmico (IG) e a Carga Glicêmica (CG) de dietas consumidas por mulheres diabéticas e verificar correlação destes parâmetros com medidas antropométricas e de adiposidade.

To evaluate the effect of an education program on Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) of diets consumed by diabetic women and to check correlation these parameters with anthropometricmeasures and adiposity.