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OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to differentiate patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) from those with placenta previa (PP) using maternal serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10. METHODS: The case group consisted of 77 patients with placenta previa, and the control group consisted of 90 non-previa pregnant women. Of the pregnant women in the case group, 40 were diagnosed with PAS in addition to placenta previa and 37 had placenta previa with no invasion. The maternal serum VEGF, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were compared between the case and control groups. Then the success of these markers in differentiating between PP and PAS was evaluated. RESULTS: We found the VEGF, TNF-alpha, and IL-4 levels to be higher and the IL-10 level to be lower in the case group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). We observed a statistically significantly lower IL-10 level in the patients with PAS than those with PP (p = 0.029). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cut-off of IL-10 in the detection of PAS was 0.42 ng/mL). In multivariate analysis, the risk of PAS was significant for IL-10 (odds ratio (OR) 0.45, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.79, p = 0.006) and previous cesarean section (OR 2.50, 95 % Cl 1.34-4.66, p = 0.004). The model's diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, including previous cesarean section, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), TNF-alpha, and IL-10 were 75 % and 72.9 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the IL-10 level was lower in patients with PAS than in those with PP. A statistical model combining risk factors including previous cesarean section, preoperative Hb, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 may improve clinical diagnosis of PAS in placenta previa cases. Cytokines may be used as additional biomarkers to the clinical risk factors in the diagnosis of PAS.
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Placenta Acreta , Placenta Prévia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta Prévia/diagnóstico , Placenta Prévia/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Placenta Acreta/diagnóstico , Placenta Acreta/patologia , Interleucina-4 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cesárea , Interleucina-10 , Placenta/patologiaRESUMO
AIM: We aim to compare the maternal serum thiol and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between pregnant women with placenta previa and those with uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine whether changes in these levels were useful in predicting cases of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP). METHODS: Fifty-five pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa according to the diagnostic criteria (case group) were compared to 100 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of similar demographic characteristics (control group). The patients with placenta previa were further divided into two subgroups: AIP (n = 20) and placenta previa without invasion (n = 35). The maternal serum native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA levels of the groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The native thiol, total thiol, and IMA values were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The disulfide values were similar between the study and control groups (p = 0.488). When the AIP and placenta previa without invasion groups were compared, the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and IMA were similar (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal serum thiol and IMA levels were lower in placenta previa cases compared to the control group. However, these parameters were not useful in predicting AIP cases.
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Placenta Prévia , Albumina Sérica Humana , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dissulfetos/sangue , Dissulfetos/química , Estresse Oxidativo , Placenta Prévia/diagnóstico , Albumina Sérica , Albumina Sérica Humana/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of a novel ultrasound index "combined utero-cervical index (CUCI)" in the prediction of preterm delivery. METHODS: The present prospective cohort study was conducted in Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Perinatology Clinic between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023. Pregnant women with uterine contractions between 24 and 36th gestational weeks but did not have dilatation or effacement were included. CUCI was calculated as: (utero-cervical angle)/(anterior cervical lip thickness + fundal thickness + lower uterine segment thickness + cervical length). In the presence of cervical funneling, one point was added to the final result. A ROC analysis was conducted to determine the potential of CUCI in predicting delivery <37 weeks of gestation, <34 weeks of gestation, and <4 weeks after the first admission to the hospital for uterine contractions, respectively. RESULTS: Optimal cut-off values of CUCI were found to be 1.4 (67.1% sensitivity, 67.2% specificity) for predicting delivery at <37th weeks, 1.7 (72.7% sensitivity, 65.7% specificity) for predicting delivery at <34th weeks, and 1.4 (62.5% sensitivity, 61.7% specificity) for predicting delivery at <4 weeks. CONCLUSION: CUCI may be used in the prediction of preterm delivery for pregnant women admitted to hospital with preterm uterine contractions.
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Colo do Útero , Nascimento Prematuro , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Contração Uterina , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Contração Uterina/fisiologia , Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Curva ROC , Idade Gestacional , Adulto Jovem , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess midkine (MK) levels in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and compare them to healthy pregnant women. We also assessed the performance of the maternal serum MK level in predicting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirement in the PPROM group. METHODS: Forty pregnant women who presented to our clinic at 24-37 gestational weeks and were diagnosed with PPROM were included in the study group. During the same period, 40 healthy pregnant women at similar gestational weeks were randomly selected as the control group. Clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers, and serum MK levels were compared between the groups. The same parameters were then compared between the PPROM cases with and without NICU requirement. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of MK for NICU requirement. RESULTS: The PPROM and control groups were similar in terms of demographics. The MK level of the pregnant woman with PPROM was significantly higher than that of the controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the MK levels of the cases with and without NICU requirement in the PPROM group. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of was found to be 0.287, at which it had 63 % sensitivity and 65 % specificity (area under the curve(AUC): 0.78, 95 % confidence interval(CI): 0.683-0.881, p < 0.001) for the prediction of NICU requirement in cases with PPROM. In the same analysis performed for the prediction of PPROM, when the optimal cut-off value was taken as 0.298, MK had 56 % sensitivity and 60 % specificity (AUC: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.522-0.770, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Serum MK seems to be associated with complicated inflammatory processes leading to PPROM, and this novel marker has the potential to predict NICU requirement in PPROM cases.
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Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais , Gestantes , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Midkina , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Idade GestacionalRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate fetal cardiac output and myocardial performance index in pregnant women with idiopathic polyhydramnios and compare them to healthy pregnant women. METHODS: Thirty patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital at 24-39 weeks of gestation with idiopathic polyhydramnios were included as the study group. Clinical characteristics, fetal cardiac output, and fetal modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The combined cardiac output (CCO), left cardiac output (LCO), right cardiac output (RCO), pulmonary artery velocity time integral (PA-VTI), and aortic VTI were statistically significantly higher in the study group (p=0.003, p=0.028, p=0.002, p=0.000, and p=0.017, respectively).The idiopathic polyhydramnios group had a significantly higher Mod-MPI and isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and a significantly lower ejection time (ET) compared to the controls (p=000, p=0.003, and p=0.023, respectively). In the idiopathic polyhydramnios group, the aortic max (p=0.009) and aortic VTI (p=0.047) values were significantly lower and the left ventricular outflow tract isovolumetric relaxation time (LVOT-IRT) (p=0.021) was significantly higher in cases where the NICU was required. According to the ROC analysis performed in the idiopathic polyhydramnios group, the optimal cut-off values of aortic max, aortic VTI, and LVOT-IRT in the prediction of the NICU requirement were (57.5, 0.089 and 41.5, respective cut-off value) (p=0.010, p=0.048, p=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both fetal cardiac output and Mod-MPI values were altered in fetuses with idiopathic polyhydramnios.
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Poli-Hidrâmnios , Gestantes , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idade Gestacional , Débito Cardíaco , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
Ramadan, a one-month period in which eating and drinking are prohibited from sunrise to sunset, is considered sacred by Muslims. According to Islamic rules, fasting is obligatory for adults and healthy people, but patients and travelers are exempted from this rule. It is not clear whether pregnant women can fast during Ramadan. This cross-sectional case-control study included low-risk pregnant women at 32-37 weeks of gestation in Turkey. We examined healthy women in the last period of their pregnancy and found similar perinatal outcomes between the fasting and nonfasting participants. In the evaluation of fetal well-being, a decrease in the number of accelerations in the non-stress test (NST) and the need to repeat the test were found to be statistically significantly higher in fasting pregnant women. We consider that this may prolong the evaluation period and increase unnecessary hospitalizations due to nonreactive NST results. More randomized controlled trials are needed to conclude that fasting during pregnancy is safe.
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Jejum , Islamismo , Adulto , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Turquia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate maternal serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C and D levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: A total of 83 patients, including 41 patients with ICP and 42 healthy pregnant women, were included in the study. We first compared the maternal serum VEGF-C and VEGF-D levels between the ICP and control groups and then examined the correlation between the serum VEGF-C level and the bile acid level in patients with severe ICP. RESULTS: We observed statistically significantly higher serum VEGF-C levels and lower VEGF-D levels in the ICP group compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cutoff value for ICP was 147 ng/mL in the determination of the VEGF-C level (specificity and sensitivity: 76%). In patients with severe ICP, the serum VEGF-C statistically significantly correlated with the bile acid level (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the maternal serum VEGF-C level was higher and the VEGF-D level was lower in patients with ICP compared with healthy pregnant women. We also found that the VEGF-C level was correlated with the serum bile acid level in patients with severe ICP. Serum VEGF-C level can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of intrahepatic pregnancy cholestasis.
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Colestase Intra-Hepática , Complicações na Gravidez , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fator D de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colestase Intra-Hepática/sangue , Colestase Intra-Hepática/diagnóstico , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Fator D de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of oxidative stress markers in the umbilical cord blood between pregnant women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and low-risk controls. METHODS: The sample consisted of 131 patients, including 55 pregnant women with IDA and 76 controls with similar demographic characteristics. Participants were selected from patients delivered at ≥37 weeks. We compared the two groups in terms of the native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels measured in pregnant women's umbilical cord venous blood. RESULTS: The native thiol and total thiol values were statistically significantly lower in the anemia group, and the disulfide and IMA values were statistically significantly higher in the IDA group (P < 0.001). Perinatal outcomes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: In the present study, pregnant women with IDA had lower native and total thiol values and higher disulfide and IMA values in umbilical cord blood. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy may be a potential cause of increased oxidative stress.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fetal and maternal effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS: Patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity (n = 55) were compared with cases with similar characteristics and PCR negativity (n = 53). The study group was further divided into two groups as severe (n = 11) and nonsevere (n = 44) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The groups were compared in terms of clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: The study and control groups were similar in terms of maternal age, parity, gestational age at diagnosis, type of hypertensive disorders, magnesium sulfate administration rate, gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores, and maternal complications. However, all cases of fetal loss (n = 6) were observed in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group (p = 0.027). From the 6 cases, there were 5 in the nonsevere group and 1 patient in the severe SARS-CoV-2 positive group. Moreover, higher rates of maternal complications, lower oxygen saturation values, and intensive care unit admissions were observed in the severe COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be cautious about the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy cases with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Fetal loss seems to be more common in cases with SARS-CoV-2 positivity and severe COVID-19 seems to be associated with higher rates of maternal complications. Close follow-up for fetal wellbeing and active management of severe cases in terms of maternal complications seem to be favorable.
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COVID-19 , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , SARS-CoV-2 , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Peso ao Nascer , FetoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in maternal serum midkine levels in pre-eclampsia. METHODS: This study included 40 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and 66 healthy pregnant women in the control group. Demographic data, laboratory results, and midkine levels were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The pre-eclampsia and control groups were similar in terms of demographics. The midkine level of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia was significantly higher than that of the controls (0.54 ± 0.23 and 0.31 ± 0.19 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cut-off value of midkine was determined as 0.37 ng/mL, at which it had 75% sensitivity and 74% specificity (area under the curve: 0.815, 95% confidence interval 0.73-0.89, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The serum midkine level was significantly higher in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Midkine seems to be associated with complicated inflammatory processes leading to pre-eclampsia. Further study protocols can be planned to investigate the role of midkine in the prediction of pre-eclampsia as a novel marker.
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Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Gestantes , Midkina , Centros de Atenção Terciária , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare H-Hayman, a modified uterine compression suturing technique (UCS) that we describe for the first time in the literature, with conventional vertical UCS techniques. METHODS: The H-Hayman technique was used in 14 women and the conventional UCS technique in 21 women. In order to provide standardization in the study, only patients who had developed upper-segment atony during cesarean section were recruited for the study. RESULTS: Bleeding control was achieved in 85.7% (12/14) of the cases using the H-Hayman technique. In the remaining two patients with persistent hemorrhage in this group, bleeding control was provided with bilateral uterine artery ligation, and a hysterectomy was avoided in all cases. With the conventional technique, bleeding control was achieved in 76.1% (16/21) of the patients, and the overall success rate was 95.2% after bilateral uterine artery ligation in those with persistent hemorrhage. In addition, the estimated blood loss and the need for erythrocyte suspension transfusion were significantly lower in the H-Hayman group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found the H-Hayman technique to be at least as successful as conventional UCS. In addition, patients who underwent suturing with the H-Hayman technique had less blood loss and a lower requirement for erythrocyte suspension transfusion.
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Hemorragia Pós-Parto , Inércia Uterina , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Cesárea , Inércia Uterina/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura , Estudos Retrospectivos , SuturasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, aortic diameter, and caval aortic index in fetuses with growth restriction and to compare the findings with fetuses from uncomplicated pregnancies at similar gestational weeks. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted with a total of 176 pregnant women. According to the diagnostic criteria, 84 pregnancies diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR) were compared with a control group of 92 uncomplicated pregnancies at similar gestational weeks. RESULTS: The aortic and IVC diameter values were significantly lower in the FGR group (P < 0.001), whereas the caval aortic index was similar between the two groups. The examination of the ultrasound parameters of the cases with FGR according to the neonatal intensive care requirement revealed similar aortic diameter and caval aortic index values but a significantly smaller IVC diameter in the cases requiring neonatal intensive care (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: We determined that the aortic and IVC diameter values were smaller in the fetuses with growth restriction, but the caval aortic index was similar in the two groups. The measurement of the IVC diameter in FGR may be useful in predicting the neonatal intensive care requirements of these fetuses.
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Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Veia Cava Inferior , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia , Veia Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Sometimes it can be difficult to chorionicity determination in twin pregnancies. This study aimed to compare maternal serum midkine levels between twin and singleton pregnancies. We also evaluated the relationship between chorionicity and maternal serum midkine level in twin pregnancies. The present prospective cohort study included 16 patients with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, 38 with dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, and 66 healthy singleton pregnancies admitted to Ankara City Hospital Perinatology Clinic between June 2021 and June 2022. Demographic features, clinical characteristics, and serum midkine levels were compared between the groups. Additionally, a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the performance of midkine for detecting chorionicity. The median maternal serum midkine level was found to be 0.64 ng/ml in twin pregnancies and 0.26 ng/ml in singleton pregnancies (p < 0.001). When twin pregnancies were compared in terms of chorionicity, serum midkine level was determined as 1.20 ng/ml in the monochorionic diamniotic group and 0.50 ng/ml in the dichorionic diamniotic group (p = 0.034). An optimal cut-off value of 1.03 ng/ml was found for the determination of chorionicity (AUC: 0.68, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.53-0.83, %56.3 sensitivity, 76.3% specificity). In advanced weeks of pregnancy, biomarkers can be used as helpful parameters for ultrasonography in the diagnosis of twin pregnancies. Maternal serum midkine levels might be used to determine chorionicity in equivocal cases.
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Gravidez de Gêmeos , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Midkina , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) measurements in fetuses at pregnant women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) and compare them to healthy pregnant women's fetuses. METHODS: Forty patients who presented to our clinic at 24-36 + 6 gestational weeks and were diagnosed with pPROM were included in the patient group. During the same period, 40 healthy pregnant women at similar gestational weeks were randomly selected as the control group. RESULTS: The pPROM and control groups were similar in terms of demographics. In the pPROM group, EFT, Mod-MPI, and isovolumetric contraction(ICT) and relaxation times(IRT) were significantly higher and ejection time (ET) was significantly lower compared to the control group. In addition, Mod-MPI z-scores, IRT z-scores, ICT z-scores were significantly higher and ET z-scores was significantly lower in the pPROM. According to the ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff value of EFT was calculated as 1.55 mm, with 68% sensitivity and 71% specificity (AUC: 0.718, 95% CI: 0.550-0.786, p = .018) for predicting NICU requirement and the optimal cutoff value of EFT was calculated as 1.55 mm with 72% sensitivity and 73% specificity (AUC: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.556-0.896, p = .015) for predicting medication use in the pPROM group. CONCLUSION: This study revealed differences in the EFT and Mod-MPI measurements of the fetuses of pregnant women with pPROM. Considering that EFT is an important energy source for the myocardium, as well as an endocrine structure in which inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers are secreted, it is recommended to be evaluated in inflammatory conditions such as pPROM.
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Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais , Gestantes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idade Gestacional , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
We aimed to examine the relationship between serum midkine levels and placental invasion in pregnant women with placenta previa. The study group consisted of 43 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa, whereas the control group consisted of 60 healthy pregnant women. Serum midkine levels were compared between pregnant women with placenta previa and the control group in this study's first part. Thereafter, the utility of midkine in the prediction of the abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) was investigated and optimal cutoff values were calculated. Significantly higher serum midkine level was observed in placenta previa cases than in the controls (1.16 ng/mL vs. 0.18 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Serum midkine level was also significantly higher in the AIP group among the placenta previa cases (P = 0.004). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cutoff value of the midkine level in predicting AIP was 1.19 ng/mL. This study revealed that the serum midkine level is higher in pregnant women with AIP. Maternal serum midkine level may be used as a complementary biomarker to the radiological and clinical findings for the prediction of the AIP in placenta previa cases.
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Placenta Prévia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Midkina , Curva ROCRESUMO
This study aims to investigate the perinatal outcomes in COVID-19 pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and elevated liver enzymes. Present study was carried out on pregnant women with COVID-19 between March 11, 2020, and August 11, 2021. Patients with liver enzyme levels higher than twice the upper limit of the reference range for aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were included. Patients with unexplained pruritus and elevated fasting biliary acid (FBA) levels were considered ICP. The remaining cases were used as the control group. There were a total of 1751 patients in the study period. Among them, 126 had elevated liver enzymes. Nineteen of these cases had also ICP. AST and ALT values were statistically higher in the ICP group. Demographic features, clinical characteristics, and perinatal outcomes were similar between the groups. The rate of ICP in pregnant women with COVID-19 was similar to the literature in this study. Although the preterm delivery rates for both groups were higher than in the current literature, the preterm delivery rates in the study and control groups were similar. Elevated liver enzymes can be observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 with higher rates of preterm delivery compared to the previous literature. However, the diagnosis of ICP in addition to elevated liver enzymes seems to have no significant impact on the perinatal outcomes. Future studies conducted on larger populations are necessary to confirm these results.
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INTRODUCTION: To assess the placental elasticity using point shear wave velocity (pSWV) in pregnant women who had recovered from coronavirus COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 40 pregnant women who had recovered from moderate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 40 healthy pregnant women were included in this study. We evaluated placental elasticity by using transabdominal pSWV method. Three measurements were made, and their average was accepted as the mean placental velocity value in each case. The results were compared between the post-COVID-19 and control groups. RESULTS: The mean pSWV values were significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the control group, indicating that the women with a history of COVID-19 had stiffer placentas. Furthermore, the pSWV values were significantly and positively correlated with the uterine artery pulsatility index. We also found that the NICU requirement was statistically higher in the post-COVID 19 group. DISCUSSION: The pregnant women who had recovered from COVID-19 had rigid placentas than the healthy controls. The use of pSWV for the assessment of placental velocity may provide valuable information in the diagnosis and management of post-COVID-19 patients as a complementary tool to the existing ultrasonography methods.
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COVID-19 , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Pandemias , Placenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Gestantes , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate depression and sexual function among pregnant and non-pregnant women throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 188 women, 96 pregnant and 92 non-pregnant were included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants after obtaining sociodemographic data. RESULTS: The depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar (p = 0.846). We found that the depression scores were significantly higher among the group of participants who have lower economic status (p = 0.046). Moreover, the depression score was significantly higher among women who lost their income during the pandemic (p = 0.027). The score on the ASEX was significantly higher, and sexual dysfunction was more prevalent among women who have lower levels of schooling and income (p < 0.05). Likewise, the ASEX scores were significantly higher (p = 0.019) among the group who experienced greater income loss throughout the pandemic. Upon comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, we detected that sexual dysfunction had a significantly higher rate among pregnant women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In times of global crisis, such as the current pandemic, low-income families have an increased risk of experiencing depression and sexual dysfunction. When we compared pregnant women with non-pregnant women, depression scores were similar, but pregnant women were at a 6.2 times higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction.
OBJETIVO: Investigar a depressão e as funções sexuais de mulheres grávidas e não grávidas durante a pandemia de Covid-19. MéTODOS: Um total de 188 mulheres, 96 grávidas e 92 não grávidas, foram incluídas. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI, em inglês) e a Escala de Experiências Sexuais do Arizona (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale, ASEX, em inglês) foram aplicados aos participantes após a obtenção dos dados sociodemográficos. RESULTADOS: As pontuações de depressão de mulheres grávidas e não grávidas foram semelhantes (p = 0,846). Verificou-se que as pontuações de depressão foram significativamente maiores no grupo de participantes de menor nível econômico (p = 0,046). Além disso, a pontuação de depressão foi significativamente maior em mulheres que perderam sua renda durante a pandemia (p = 0,027). A pontuação na ASEX foi significativamente maior, e a disfunção sexual foi mais prevalente em pessoas com menores escolaridade e nível de renda (p < 0,05). Da mesma forma, as pontuações na ASEX foram significativamente mais altas (p = 0,019) no grupo que experimentou maior perda de renda durante a pandemia. Ao comparar os grupos de gestantes e não gestantes, detectou-se que a disfunção sexual apresentava índice significativamente maior entre as gestantes (p <0,001). CONCLUSãO: Em tempos de crise global, como a atual pandemia, famílias de baixa renda têm um risco maior de sofrer depressão e disfunção sexual. Quando comparamos mulheres grávidas e mulheres não grávidas, as pontuações de depressão foram semelhantes, mas as mulheres grávidas apresentaram um risco 6,2 vezes maior de desenvolver disfunção sexual.